Anthropology Test - Assignment Example

SECTION ONE Part A Question According to Diamond, agriculture has had a negative effect on the population in that it led to starvation and deaths due to malnutrition. It also lowered the expectancy rte due to the limited diet that agriculture provides (Podolefsky et al, 2011) Factors include The lack of variety of diets, which is attributed to l faming that, is limited where famers engaged in producing few starchy, crops hence malnutrition. There is the risk of starvation due to the dependency on a single crop in an event it fails then the effect is diver stating. Agriculture forces people to densely populate, the effect is infection of diseases transmitted easily form the number of population and led to spread of parasites. Question 2 Social stratification refers to the way in which society categorizes and arranges people according to specific features and factors. (Podolefsky et al, 2011) The unfair distribution and division of labor in a society that practice farming, has a direct effect on Social Stratification. Women are more prejudiced as they tasked with performing the majority of the work (Podolefsky et al, 2011) Part B Question 1 Immediate returns foragers believed in sharing in that hoarding were prohibited. They divided meat equally, breastfeed each other’s babies and moreover depended on each other for survival they had little privacy amongst themselves. The farming society practices opposite as each is entitled to what each rip after planting and every farmer carries his own burden. (Podolefsky et al, 2011) The pre agricultural period provided for sharing and ensured a social structure of human beings . the introduction of faming meant that the indigenous social nature of humans was changed to rather an individual context in which it affected the way of life including human sexuality(Podolefsky et al, 2011) . Question 2 The author describes how culture and human differ in terms of ideologies in that the way of thinking while considering the human aspect is different form culture. As was the case for the aborigines where there eating culture prompted the Englishman to think they where starving and on the other hand the indigenous people considered them lazy and fat. The differences occur to the background origin of each set of groups (Podolefsky et al, 2011) SECTION TWO Question 1 The Nacirema that the human body in its natural state is full of diseases. The only hope is by different rituals performed by the community. Each homestead is mandated to own a shrine the rituals are always private in nature. The shrine contains a box where medicine and charms are stored after performing their intended purpose. Each morning, every family member conducts a ritual in the shrine where they bow before the charm box and conducts a brief rite of ablution. Holy water I, purified by the priest is used for cleansing (Podolefsky et al, 2011). These are day-to-day activities that are aimed at saving the natural body. Question 2 The nature of the Nacirema to cleanse the body after every life step and day activity, posse a question as to why the rituals are performed. The outside world may consider an alternative to the tribe’s school of thought. However, from them a practice has been passed from generation to generation. Respect to the shrines provides for solutions that are beyond the human understanding. (Podolefsky et al, 2011) Part B Question 1 Egalitarian society is one in which every individual or group is treated equal and exist no class or social groups. The insults and discriminative remarks Lee endured regarding his ox has no room in an egalitarian society. What brings about insult is the social class one keeps himself among the community members, which in this society one of that exists. (Podolefsky et al, 2011) Question 2 He refers to how different people posses different thoughts. One may think of doing a certain thing but ends up displeasing others. As was the case of the Christmas ox, where he considered it big but the community had other opinions. SECTION THREE Part A Question 1 The other compares the submissive nature of the ancient female where the predominant males dictated the conversation between the genders. The use of signals and other informal means ensured secrecy and built confident. The female and males communicate for different reasons and its response depends on the nature of the message (Podolefsky et al, 2011). Question 2 The generational change brings about technology and limits the nature in which people mingle. The introduction of the social media has provided for the introduction cross cultural relations and communications and it builds confidence. (Podolefsky et al, 2011) Part B Chapter five- the argument of human nature is that every individual is an expert in his own opinion. The adoption of a foreign element is brought by existing weaknesses in the present mix. As the forager argued that, there is no need to plant while many mongongo nuts exist in the word. Its human nature to fill superior and if seen satisfied then the persuasive nature disappear. Chapter six- the Ache community provides for a child to have more than a single dad. The community gives no room for an illegitimate child rather all men are considered the child’s father. (Podolefsky et al, 2011)The practice encourages responsibility among men and protects children from intimidations. Chapter seven- in the chapter human behavior is what is attributed to monogamous marriages. The perspective is a human perspective rather than a being a fact. The widespread of marriage does not guarantee its existence but provides room for breakage (Podolefsky et al, 2011) Chapter eight- it argues on sex and love. It differs in the notion that the two terms are the same. The cultural biasness is brought failure in differentiating terms. There exists an argument that the intimate male- female relation is what differentiates the Homo sapiens to apes. Chapter nine- it argues that sex is not all about marriage but rather an opportunity for human to express there desire. Similar to the apes where females do not fear the size of the males, other communities do encourage females in the sense that they are free to express their sexual exploit without fear of intimidation. SECTION FOUR Part A Question 1 It imply the nature in which there exist an unusual occurrence in the human structure and thinks ought to appear differently from the designed view. In North America the theory is supported by the existence of multi-gender where the normal composition of a human being has been interfered with a natural occurrence has changed its designated course Question 2 They acted as intermediaries between the Supreme Being, the spirits and the entire human nature. They appeased the spirits and guided the Native American community on how to live a life with less spirits. Part B The author imply that the adaptive feature including those vestigial and characteristic features each organism poses are signs of what and how their ancient beings existed. It simply means there exists features that are inherited and are difficult to change. The statement further explains how human sexuality has significantly similar characteristics as their ape ancestors. The human sexuality is in distinct and even different from other primates. The intercourse takes place in a predesigned nature where the continuous thrusting of the male’s sex organ creates a vacuum in the female’s reproductive tract in that any previous sperm is driven out and during ejaculation, the head shrinks to allow air and prevent the fresh semen from being sucked out. SECTION FIVE Question 1 The first trait on the American culture is self-reliance where most people consider themselves answerable to none. For instance, the nature in which people operate in the USA proves the fact right. The independent nature of the population is prompted by the capitalism nature of the economy in that one is aiming at outshining the rest of the population by performing better that then. The other trait is the uniqueness in which the youth tend to associate themselves. It ranges from the language they use while communicating to the eating habits. This makes them unique in the sense that all the youth tend to create their own dynasty and develop their own mind to suit the society. The other culture is the cult of the common person. The common nature in which every American citizen performs his daily operations is what explains an American citizen. Question 2 The culture allows room for competition and avoids laziness that is usually brought about by overdependence. The negative effect is the lack of unity and combination of ideas that may increase the economies of scale while doing business. SECTION SIX Part A Question 1 They allow room for polygamy in that a wife is considered a family property thus. The community involve is not opposed to the culture. The wives consider it ethical and are in support of sharing spouses in that the wife can be shared amongst the male pollution. Question 2 Fraternity polyandry is practiced to avoid the nature in which children are subjected to intimidation and are rejected by the society. Those practicing the culture fills that it is a way of uniting the family and avoiding family disputes. Part B Question 1 Erotic plasticity refers to the nature in which species interchange sexually partners and the tendency to adopt to them. as way of studying and understanding the human sexuality it is important to note the differences that both the female and male creatures responds to this aspect. Question 2 Many people consider it a menace to an extend of raging an anti-masturbation campaign. The authors also explain how circumcision was introduced in order to deal with the problem. Other consider it a normal part of adolescent. Masturbation according to the article increases the testosterone levels (Podolefsky et al, 2011). SECTION SEVEN Part A Question 1 The tendency of primates to gather in larger groups as for the case of gorillas and at the same time performs unspecified routine in different times of the day is what humans describe as the origin of the modern day religion. Question 2 The author argues the sense in which each primate identify themselves with a other similar groups is the same way religious practices where engineered Part B Question 1 The Tiv elders reaction to the marriage of Hamlet’s mother to his uncle was construct to Hamlet’s own emotional reaction in that they where in support of it but hamlet was still haunted by the past evils committed by the subject. The two contrasting opinion was due to the cultural acceptance and personal perspective Podolefsky et al, 2011) Question 2 I will differ with the author as cross- cultural levels depend majorly on arguments by parties involved rather than set rules where certain principles have to be mate. The nature of cross-culture is brought about by interest on the ability to adopt new ideas. Work cited Podolefsky, Aaron, Brown Peter, lacy Scott. Applying anthropology(ed 10). New York. McGraw-hill, 2011. Print. Read More