Sampling - The Degree of Uniformity of the Particles Sizes within the Samples - Research Paper Example

Table 2: Analysis for Sample 1                                              

SAND

% Retain

ACCUMULATION GRAPH

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

FRACTION WEIGHT (g)

PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE (excluding pan)

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

PERCENTAGE PASSING

2.00

0.04

0.08

4.00

100

1.00

6.73

13.47

2.00

99.92

0.50

29.01

58.04

1.00

86.45

0.25

12.20

24.41

0.50

28.41

0.125

1.91

3.82

0.25

4.00

0.063

0.09

0.18

0.125

0.18

Pan

0.02

0.063

0.00

Total

 49.98

Table 3: Analysis for Sample 2

SAND

% Retain

ACCUMULATION GRAPH

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

FRACTION WEIGHT (g)

PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE (excluding pan)

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

PERCENTAGE PASSING

2.00

0

0.00

4.00

100

1.00

0.21

0.42

2.00

100.00

0.50

6.05

12.13

1.00

99.58

0.25

31.58

63.30

0.50

87.45

0.125

10.84

21.73

0.25

24.15

0.063

1.21

2.43

0.125

2.43

Pan

0.09

0.063

0.00

Total

49.89

Table 4: Analysis for Sample 3

SAND

% Retain

ACCUMULATION GRAPH

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

FRACTION WEIGHT (g)

PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE (excluding pan)

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

PERCENTAGE PASSING

2.00

0

0.00

4.00

100

1.00

0.15

0.30

2.00

100.00

0.50

3.11

6.22

1.00

99.70

0.25

42.1

84.22

0.50

93.48

0.125

4.6

9.20

0.25

9.26

0.063

0.03

0.06

0.125

0.06

Pan

0.01

0.063

0.00

Total

49.99

Table 5: Analysis for Sample 4

SAND

% Retain

ACCUMULATION GRAPH

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

FRACTION WEIGHT (g)

PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE (excluding pan)

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

PERCENTAGE PASSING

2.00

0

0.00

4.00

100

1.00

0.21

0.42

2.00

100.00

0.50

0.59

1.18

1.00

99.58

0.25

22.57

45.23

0.50

98.40

0.125

25.63

51.36

0.25

53.17

0.063

0.9

1.80

0.125

1.80

Pan

0.1

0.063

0.00

Total

49.90

Accumulation Curve

Sample 1 has a GI value of 3.67 and the figure for total pores space is 36 % approximately.

Low GI = Average Drainage

Distribution of Particle size and their category

Category

Diameter (mm)

% retained

Stones

>8

Coarse Gravel

8   -   4

Fine Gravel

4   -   2

0.08

Very Coarse Sand

2   -   1

13.47

Coarse Sand

1.0 - 0.5

58.04

Medium Sand

0.5  -  0.25

24.41

Fine Sand

0.25 - 0.125

3.82

Very Fine Sand

0.125 - 0.063

0.18

Slit/Clay

< 0.063

Sample 2 has a GI value of 2.89 and the figure for total pores space is 36.4% approximately.

Low GI = Good Drainage

Distribution of Particle size and their category

Category

Diameter (mm)

% retained

Stones

>8

Coarse Gravel

8   -   4

Fine Gravel

4   -   2

0.00

Very Coarse Sand

2   -   1

0.42

Coarse Sand

1.0 - 0.5

12.13

Medium Sand

0.5  -  0.25

63.30

Fine Sand

0.25 - 0.125

21.73

Very Fine Sand

0.125 - 0.063

2.43

Slit/Clay

< 0.063

Sample 3 has a GI value of 1.8 and the figure for total pores space is 36.8 % approximately.

Low GI = Good Drainage

Distribution of Particle size and their category

Category

Diameter (mm)

% retained

Stones

>8

Coarse Gravel

8   -   4

Fine Gravel

4   -   2

0.00

Very Coarse Sand

2   -   1

0.30

Coarse Sand

1.0 - 0.5

6.22

Medium Sand

0.5  -  0.25

84.22

Fine Sand

0.25 - 0.125

9.20

Very Fine Sand

0.125 - 0.063

0.06

Slit/Clay

< 0.063

Sample 4 has a GI value is 2.67 and the figure for total pores space is approximately 36.5. %.

  Low GI = Good Drainage

Distribution of Particle size and their category

Category

Diameter (mm)

% retained

Stones

>8

Coarse Gravel

8   -   4

Fine Gravel

4   -   2

0.00

Very Coarse Sand

2   -   1

0.42

Coarse Sand

1.0 - 0.5

1.18

Medium Sand

0.5  -  0.25

45.23

Fine Sand

0.25 - 0.125

51.36

Very Fine Sand

0.125 - 0.063

1.80

Slit/Clay

< 0.063

Table 6:

SIEVE APERTURE (mm)

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

Example

D90

1.10

0.55

0.45

0.4

1.1

D10

0.30

0.19

0.25

0.15

0.35

D50

0.60

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.59

D20

0.40

0.24

0.25

0.18

0.40

3.67

2.89

1.8

2.67

3.12

Porosity %

36

36.4

36.8

36.5

35.5

Conclusion

1. Percent Retained

Sample 1 has a maximum percentage retention value of 58.04 under 0.5mm sieve aperture.   Sample 2 has a maximum percentage retention value of 63.30 under 0.25mm sieve aperture.  Sample 3 has a maximum percentage retention value of 84.22 under 0.25mm sieve aperture.  Lastly, Sample 4 has a maximum percentage retention value of 51.36 under 0.125mm sieve aperture.

The distribution of the sieve aperture in every sample was different. In sample 1 the concentration of the distribution of percent retained is mainly on 0.25 to 1.00 mm, samples 2 and 3 have the same concentration from 0.125 to 0.50 mm while in sample 4, the concentration of the distribution is 0.125 to 0.25.

2. Percentage Passage

Sample 1 has the lowest value of percentage passage under 0.25 to1mm sieve aperture. However, out of the four samples when in 0.125mm, sample 3 got the lowest value of 0.06. It is also notable that under 0.25mm sieve aperture, sample 4 has still a high value of percentage passing with a value of 53.17.

3. Particles category distribution

Sample 1 contains 58.04 % of coarse sand, 13.47% of Very coarse sand, and 24.41% of Medium Sand. Sample 2 contains 63.30 % of Medium Sand, 12.13% of Coarse Sand, and 21.73% of Fine Sand.  Sample 3 in almost all of the samples was Medium Sand with a percent retained value of 84.22%.  Lastly, Sample 4 is a combination of Medium Sand, 45.23%, and Fine Sand, 51.36%.

4. Hydraulic conductivity

Based on the D10 values, Sample 1 has 0.30, sample 2 has 0.19, sample 3 has 0.25, and lastly, sample 4 has 0.15. All of the samples are in fine sand except for sample 1 which is classified as medium sand. This means that sample 1 has a higher hydraulic conductivity which means that there is a more open area for the flow of water.

5. Porosity

It has been found out that the values of the Porosity % of the four samples were too close to each other as evidenced by the value of 36, 36.4, 36.8, and 36.5. It is notable that sample one has the lowest value of porosity which means that it has very small space for the water to pass through. Sample 3 has the highest value of porosity.