For biochemistry - Assignment Example

Thermodynamics and Amino Acids Introduction The thermodynamics of a body refers to the body macroscopic variables of heat and temperature and how they affect its behaviour. Chemical reactions may result in loss of energy to the environment or the absorption of energy from the same. Thermodynamics of chemical reactions is the study of the energy differences produced by chemical reactions in terms of heat and temperature. The chemical reactions that release energy are more likely to occur than those that absorb energy.

This is because fixing energy in the constituent macroscopic parts of the reactors which are the molecules and ions requires more energy in comparison to losing energy as a result of bond breaking in exothermic reactions (North Carolina State Univesity). Therefore parking a car in a small space is more difficult than driving it out as it is the same as an endothermic reaction while the latter is similar to an exothermic reaction. 2. D-glucose + ATP D-glucose-6-phosphate + ADP D-glucose-6-phosphate D-fructose-6-Phosphate D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate + ATP D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate + ADP D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ 1,3-diphosphoglycerate + NADH +H+ 1,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate 2-phospphoenolpyruvate + H2O 2-phospphoenolpyruvate + ADP pyruvate + ATP pyruvate + NADH + H+ lactate + NAD+ pyruvate acetaldehyde + CO2 acetaldehyde + NADH + H+ ethanol + NAD+ The reaction that transforms 1,3-bisphosphoglycetrate into 3-phosphogycerate releases 18.

8 kilojoules per mole of energy. 3. a) K= , k(1-x)= (1+x)k – 1= (1 + k)xx = = = = -0.075[oligonucleotide] = 1 – x = 1.075M[oligonucleotide] = 1+ x = 0.925MTherefore the concentration at equilibrium is 0.925 mMb)5’-ATAGCA-3’+ 5’-ATAGCA-3’ 3’-TATCGT-5’ + 3’-TATCGT-5o = o (initiation) + o (nearest neighbours) = o(GC init) + o + o + o+ o + o= 20.9 + -6.3 + -3.8 + - 6.7 + -13.0 + -6.9 = -16.8 kJThe reaction is energy favourable as it releases heat.Work citedNorth Carolina State Univesity.

Chemistry 433, Lecture 15: Applications of free energy.