Chemistry Essays

From this paper, it is clear that gases are present in our atmosphere as well as in oceans. These gases get mixed with one another as the exchange takes place between the two mediums regarding the gases present in them. Our atmosphere contains a number of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and many other gases.

Geophysical methods are applied in the assessment of the physical and chemical properties of soil, rocks, and groundwater. They are premised on the response to either an array of the electromagnetic spectrum that extends to gamma rays, visible light, and other waves or other fields such as gravity and the magnetic field of the earth.

Some of the aggregates from solid waste incineration should be weighed against the potential health hazard they might cause both to the worker and occupants. Detailed research on the long term studies, in addition to their strength behavior, is essential to propose these materials as a viable option. 

It will involve 20 randomly selected old rats aged 1.5 to 2 years. The control group of 10 rats will be treated with distilled water while the second group will receive oral DAT Through an enzymatic method that follows other laboratory procedures, the level of activity in samples will depict the amount of Glutathione level (GSH) in rats’ kidneys.

Nanotechnology is essentially the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) is an application of nanotechnology which has the potential of revolutionizing the way we carry out different types of works, the way medical fraternity treats patients, the functioning of disaster management teams etc.

The author explains that Ovide Malathion is a lotion used for getting rid of head lice. It is a toxic substance and is used to kill the lice. The drug has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) who claims that the lotion is harmless and can be used for killing lice and their eggs.

Care must be taken to avoid the turbidity of the simple and subtract the absorbance of the blank from the reading given for the simple. It is necessary always to verify the purity of the reagent, and to rinse with acidic water the used glass material, to eliminate waste of detergents, which may increase the reading 

Asbestos fibers pose a great risk to the human health and can cause some severe diseases to human beings constantly exposed to the friable form of this material. The identification of health hazards associated with asbestos over the last few decades has generated a great wave of awareness among the policymakers and environmentalists.

The surface water is provided by Lake Meredith, while the Ogallala Aquifer provides the groundwater source. The city’s water is therefore provided by a combination of these two water sources with the lake providing about 6% of the total water demand, and the rest is catered for by the groundwater sources. 

Nanocomposites show remarkably different properties than bulk polymer due to the smaller filler and increase in the surface area. The works of Joseph ascertain that properties of the composite can change dramatically based on the geometric shape, dispersion state, size of the particles and their distribution. 

This humanitarian disaster was created by industry's utilization of asbestos, an imported material. Business executives and government leaders, civil servants in addition to political leaders were responsible for letting loose a ferocious assault on ordinary men along with women who were toothless in the face of this lethal carcinogen

This paper tells that findings from untimely military composite research and development agendas that could be currently viewed in systems fielded by every military service. For instance, an extra 350 pieces of the F-22 raptor, making up 25% of the structural mass are non-carbon composites. Additionally, the advancement joint strike fighter will be amid 25 and 30% composite by mas.

The stationary phase is responsible for separating and isolating the analyte from the other components of the chemical mixture. The mobile phase can be a gas, liquid or even supercritical fluid while the stationary is immobile and immiscible. Chromatography techniques are important in the treatment of patients overdosed on illicit drugs. 

Conventional SOFC operated at high temperatures of between 800-10000C so as to enable ionic conductivity. Currently, studies are being undertaken to develop intermediate temperature SOFCs or IT-SOFCs. The performance of SOFC is highly dependent on the microstructure of the components of the SOFC. Therefore all research focuses on component properties that will enhance the efficiency of SOFCs.

This research will begin with the statement that BPA, Bisphenol is a weakly estrogenic monomer used n production of polycarbonate plastics that are in most cases used in food-related applications such as polycarbonate baby bottles. In addition, it is applied in metallic food cans as epoxy resins, inner coatings, to prevent rusting and corrosion.

CO2, the chemical formula for the gas Carbon Dioxide, is a natural chemical compound. It is composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to one carbon atom and it is present in the earth’s atmosphere at a standard pressure and temperature. There are various processes by which this gas is produced. Burning of coals, the fermentation of sugars.

Concrete is also used for vegetation roofs in offices, hospitals, and residential buildings. It provides prolonged building benefits to the structures because it functions as thermal mass and acoustical barrier. The Portland cement made concrete is used in the airport pavements, highways and secondary roads 

The major contributors of nitrogen to wastewater are human activities such as food preparation, showering, and waste excretion. The most common forms of nitrogen in wastewater are Ammonia (NH3), Ammonium ion (NH4+), Nitrite (NO2‐), Nitrate (NO3‐), Organic nitrogen. Nitrogen in domestic wastewater consists of ammonia‐nitrogen and organic nitrogen.

Industrial hygiene is defined as the process by which identification, evaluation and controlling of the industrial hazards take place. The primary intention of industrial hygiene programs is to ensure that workers get the least exposure to the various forms of hazards. Awareness about industrial hazards has been since ancient times.

Malaria prevention tools known to date are long-lasting insecticidal nets and Indoor Residual Spraying. The fight against Malaria is a global concern that led to the global framework for coordinated action against Malaria in 1998 in which the World Health Organization recommended a much proactive use of IRS in the control of Malaria transmission.

The author states that several errors can occur in the process of making esomeprazole magnesium drug. First, the regents can be taken in large quantities or fewer quantities, which will affect the general outcome. Measuring cylinders must be used to avoid this error. Another error can arise during heating.

The author states that any material in a liquid phase with a flash point ≤ 37.8º C (100º F) that is intentionally heated and offered for transport or transported at or above its flash point in bulk packaging. Combustible liquids are a liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flash point of > 60.5º C (141º F).

In conclusion, the use of nanomaterials can only become more popular as time goes by. They have already shown several uses today and increased research will open up more uses for them. With the increased global warming and pollution, uses such as those that will see them being used in cleaning the air will be among the best uses of nanomaterials

The author states that air temperature can vary because of many different atmospheric conditions, when the cause of the rise or fall in air temperature is purely caused by expansion or compression of air then this is known as adiabatic temperature change. The adiabatic process causes condensation.

Since BSE can be spread by eating contaminated food, I would recommend that this country puts measures in place to ensure that only healthy animals are slaughtered and made available to its population. The government of such a country ensures that all food products do not contain brain or spinal cords from cattle. 

Resolutely, the intensifying gases i.e. nitrogen and carbon dioxide delivers the propelling action. The gunpowder is categorized under “sizes of 'G 7', 'G 20', 'G 40', and 'G 90'.” Gunpowder has a propensity to create a lot of smoke, which usually diminishes the visibility of fireworks.

The author states that aspirin should not be taken after surgery since it can induce hemorrhaging. Reason for such is that it interferes with normal blood clotting. It can relieve deep pain but is not promising for pain resulting from injuries. It has anesthetic properties sans unconsciousness.

Dimensional analysis of a physical quantity involves expressing the quantity in terms of dimensional formulae M (mass), L (length), and T (time). Power: The rate at which energy is spent is known as power. The SI unit of power, Watt is the rate at which a joule (J) of energy is spent.

Let us take a look at how important it is to establish a program for such and how that program will affect all the existing chemical companies today. Practitioners of industrial hygiene, called industrial hygienists, continue to put their best efforts in creating methods at which employees will not be overly exposed to any potential health hazards while they work for a chemical company.

The author states that the use and application of the liquid crystals span from nearly 25 years ago and have a wide array of applications. The LCDs have dominated the display market progressively replacing the once cathode ray tubes-dominated market. Understanding the various important components of the technology is important.

The developments in chemical kinetics were initiated by Peter Waage and Cato Gulberg, a duo who formulated the law of mass action. The law states that the speed of a chemical reaction is proportional to the quantity of the reacting substances. The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by the following factors.

The author states that the law of conservation of mass was developed by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, a French chemist, in 1789. Lavoisier was able to carry out a series of laboratory experiments that led to the formulation of this law. These experiments (which are as follows) are done in closed vessels.

The paper "Toxicity of Compound in the Zebrafish Bioassay" is a good example of a lab report on chemistry. For our UPenn gastroenterologist collaborator to test the toxicity of compound 2 in the zebrafish bioassay, we provided Dr. Porter with the compound. At the end, a certain research grouped challenged that they were in a position to isoflavone using AlCl3in dioxane.

In photodynamic therapy, there has been extensive use of purified hematoporphyrin derivative and verteporfin, which are FDA-approved though they exhibit a side effect. Photosensitivity is notably undesirable. The study sought to research targeting the development of strategies, which allow tumor activity in the biological efficacy.

The reaction involves the free halogen radical or either chlorine or bromine and when such replace hydrogen from an alkane, halogenoalkanes are formed and are sometimes referred to as alkyl halide or the haloalkanes. Alkanes are known to be saturated hydrogen; thus, they tend to be stable; hence, they are highly unreactive. This means that they will require energy to initiate these reactions.

According to the research findings, CFRP composites are one of the world’s toughest and commercially viable fibers in terms of tension. The rigidity of any component is reliant on its modulus of elasticity. CFRP components have an elasticity modulus of 20 MSI, which is relatively equal to a strength of 500 MSI, while steel has 10 MSI.

According to the paper, the excision of DNA damage involves base excision repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair. The DNA repair mechanisms which don't involve processes that remove primary damage are referred to as tolerance mechanisms to DNA damage. Permanent mutations in the genome are a result of many DNA damage tolerance mechanisms. 

As the discussion highlights, over the years, concerns about its use have sparked marked attention over some of the harmful effects it has on people and the environment. PCBs are known to be cancerous agents when one is exposed to them for a very long time. In addition, they have reproductive, endocrine and neurological effects when one is exposed to it.

This essay analyzes that Fluconazole is an antifungal that belongs to a group of drugs known as azoles that increases the effects of Diazepam by increasing the levels of Diazepam available in the plasma at any given time. Fluconazole increased the level of Diazepam two and a half times thereby increasing the sedative effects of Diazepam.

The author states that Ca2+ concentration calculation as in equations since the unknown diluted samples are used when there is no dilution factor. It is pertinent to note that, by subtracting the concentration of the Ca2+ from the resultant concentration, the Mg2+ is found following the example in (13) and (14) equations.

The aim of the experiment was accomplished as the mixture of hemoglobin, cytochrome c, and blue dextran was able to be separated. Also the molecular weights of cytochrome c and hemoglobin we determined experimentally and their values compared to the theoretical values. Blue dextran remained in the column as it has large molecules thus it could not be eluted. From this observation, the external volume of the gel filtration column was determined

The author claims that however, penamecillin is very soluble in methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and benzene. It is also readily soluble in dimethylsulfoxide, chloroform, acetone, trichloromethane, and ether. Furthermore, it is an unstructured crystalline white powder with the precise optical rotation of +269 deg, at 20 deg C/D methanol.

According to the report, the propylene glycol (PG) is a clear, colorless and viscous, liquid. It almost has no odor, has a little bittersweet taste, and low vapor pressure. This compound is the part of the propylene glycol family, which includes propylene glycol itself (PG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), and tri-propylene glycol (TPG).

Organic chemistry is a specific branch of chemistry, basing off of the study of the element carbon, and its relations to life and the world around it. Sometimes called “life” chemistry because of living things' presence of carbon, organic chemistry includes reactions, formulas, and processes, which are all based on carbon chains and their unique properties.

Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy is an experimental tool for obtaining information about the chemical structure. Molecules can absorb infra-red light of frequencies that match theenergy of changes in the molecular vibrations. Infra-red spectroscopy is therefore often also called vibration spectroscopy.

According to the paper, Fungicides, fungicides are chemical substances that are widely used to compromise the growth of pathogenic fungi. The fact that fungicides can control a wide range of fungi elicit the question of how this happens, some of the advanced reasons as to how the fungicides work include the following.

Hydrogen is the simplest and most plentiful element on earth which does not exist by itself but combines with other elements to form substances from. Fuel cells unite oxygen and hydrogen to produce stationary or mobile electricity. A fuel cell comprises 1 electrolyte and 2 catalyst-covered electrodes.

Trispyrazolylborate (Tp) is an organic anionic tetradentate or tripodal ligand that has the chemical formula [HB (C3N2H3)3]. Trispyrazolylborate specifically refers to the derivatives substituted on the pyrazolyl rings. In the resonance structures of this compound, the nitrogen centers that are not bonded to boron are basic.

Water with quite a high content of mineral is known as hard water. We sometime do experience soap solutions forming a white scum rather than lather, this is due to the water being high in mineral content. This occurs mainly due to 2+ ions change the properties of the soap and performs a white scum.

Solar energy is derived from the sun which out powers any other source of energy that technology can create. Solar energy far outweighs all sources of commercial energy that is used daily all over the world. Generation of solar electricity is growing daily by high percentages although it still remains a small percentage of total global energy.