Chemistry Essays

A collision occurs in the event of two signals being sent through the same channel of transmission, such that they collide with each other. Packet collision is a form of electrochemical collision that occurs when different network packets are sent through the same transmission medium. A late collision is another form of electrochemical collision.

This experiment can be carried out using different methods. Nonetheless, a number of these methods have one disadvantage, evaporation of heat to the surrounding. The selected method for this experiment uses the first law of thermodynamics. This formula was necessary for determining the temperature of heated water. 

The study aims would also illustrate the extra HER2 receptor stimulation of cancer cells while contrasting the validation of HER-2 protein overexpression and amplification in the secondary breast cancer lines compared to the primary cancer line (Kucab, 2009). 

In the diagram, the DNA to the left is the parent DNA. It unwinds and undergoes replication giving the two daughter molecules on the right. But, as is seen, the original parent DNA donates a strand to each daughter molecule thus having an original plus new strand hybrid corresponding to the stipulation of the theory.

The mixture was stirred for 2 minutes after which a catalytic amount of sulphuric acid was added. The reactive mixture was refluxed for 15 minutes under

Then fill the pipette/burette with water till the water reaches the mark on the burette/pipette. Thereafter, transfer the measured water into the canonical flask. Now weigh the canonical flask when it is filled with water. Repeat the

A number of activities, writing guide, and assignments have, thus resulted from these efforts. Some of these activities advance writing as a tool for developing critical thinking skills and learning chemistry while others provide guidelines to

The structures of enzymes comprise a globular protein and a cofactor. The bonds holding the proteins in their structures are affected by temperature and pH changes. Such changes affect the shape of an enzyme, thus the catalytic action of an enzyme is dependent on the pH and temperature. For each enzyme, there is a small range of pH within which it works optimally.

An analyte can be defined as the substance or component that is of interest in a chemical analysis procedure. It is the chemical constituent that is being measured. A matrix, on the other hand, can be defined as the chemical components of a

The highest S/B ratios are for K, Mg, and Ca followed by Mn and P. [Table -5] b. Which element had the lowest experimental signal / Background (S/B) ratios Ans: The lowest S/B is observed for Pb. [Table -5] 2. Discuss the effect of changing from radial to axial viewing. Which elements (if any) might you recommend measuring by axial viewing?

In other words, radiation can be electromagnetic or particulate. Examples of electromagnetic radiation are x rays and gamma radiation whereas examples of particulate radiation are alpha radiation and beta radiation. The nonionizing

It is a widely known preservative and antibacterial chemical in skin creams and cosmetics. The figure below highlights and shows the figure representing the molecular structure of the above named compound. The compound’s molecular formula is C8H10O2, and

The SOP states that there are three main solutions required during this experiment: A mixture in the ratio of 85:10:5 of Toluene, Developing Solvent Acetone, and 5M of Ammonium Hydroxide. Additionally, for detection purposes, you will require 6.7 mg/mL of developing the solvent of Potassium Permanganate Staining Solution.

Several factors affect the function of this technique a few of which are temperature, infusion time and stirring. One main problem experienced in this technique is the

This paper explores effects of acid rain. Acid rain damages the environment and human health. The rain affect humans, indirectly, through the foods they consume and their derived water vapor affects people, directly, when inhaled. The vapor

This paper looks into the experimental procedure, findings and discusses the findings from generation of the light using two quenchers. Quenching of luminescence occurs when impurities are added to a phosphor ,when

The wastewater from the chemical industry can be used in the industry to clean, to cool machinery and other industrial purposes that do not require very clean water. According to research, water recycling within many companies has proven to cut short expenditure on water by 40% thus proving it as an important process to carry out.

In the 1980s, much skepticism prevailed first on the development of compounds with specificity among protein kinases. Secondly, the targeting of singular molecular defects seemed insufficient in the treatment of highly heterogeneous cancer. Gazit in 1989 reported low molecular weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors with selective activity towards EGFR. 

Some decade’s age, a Nobel Prize winner biochemist, Szent-Gyorgyi enlightened the world about the extensive advantages of hydrogen use and declared it even more important than oxygen for the existence of human race on this planet. Body water acts as a fuel to burn oxygen and hydrogen for the sake of producing energy.

It is quite important to state that the chemicals used in dry chemical agents may have an adverse effect on the health of people who are exposed to the chemical itself. Monoammonium phosphate, as a residue, can be harmful to the health especially with the characteristic of dry chemicals to collect in a mass.

Errors in experiments influence the expected results thus causes changes in values of the data obtained at the end of the study. Most errors especially in the laboratory set up, arise from mistakes in measurements. A laboratory consists of various equipment which, when used improperly result to errors.

However, due to industrialization, the once beautiful river is now polluted and dangerous to human health due to PCBs (Manning). PCB or polychlorinated biphenyls, is made up of 209 individual chlorinated biphenyl rings

During the experiment, it entailed carrying out other tests with the intention confirming essentials chemical ions in the products. These essential chemical ions included K+, Al3+ and SO42- but

In alloys, the physical properties of strength, corrosiveness and conductivity are determined by composition of transition metals and trace elements like carbon and manganese. In application, precisely determining the quantity of a transition metal in steel is

In electrolyzing water using solar energy, dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells are used. The sensitizer absorbs light that excites the chromophore leading to the production of electrons that undergo a series of processes within the cell to produce electric current for electrolyzing water. It is hypothesized that dyes or quantum dots can be used to sensitize the semiconductor oxide films of a solar cell to generate electricity (Gratzel 6841).

Lipids that have fatty acid esters undergo hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by strong acid or base to yield products of saponification process. Saponification was popular in the early 20th century that saw the development

1) In some cases aspirin has the ability to lower the risk of a possible heart attack. Any patient is not advised to start taking aspirin without doctor’s consent. But it is highly likely that aspirin will be recommended to patients who had a

These elements react differently with water due to their variance in electronegativity. Fluorine, for instance, is so electro-negative and hence has the ability to displace oxygen from water to form oxygen gas and Hydrogen fluoride. Generally, halogens react with water to form hydrohalic or hypohalous acid. 

Bromine, which acts as an electrophilic compound, is attacked by nucleophile cholesterol to form insoluble dibromo cholesterol that precipitates. However, to reestablish the double bonds, zinc dust is used, which removes the bromine atoms from the cholesterol molecule. Cholesterol bromination can be used to purify cholesterol.

Potassium element plays a pivotal role in the body and plant systems. According to Roza, (2007), Humphrey Davy discovered the element 1807. He managed to isolate this element through the electrolysis method making it the pioneer of the use of this approach in isolation of other elements (Shaposhnik, 2007).

The author states that in this investigation a photon (light) source is used, light of this source is made to pass through a standard cell containing the reaction system an aqueous solution. The intensity of the transmitted light is measured by a detector. The amount of the absorbed light depends on the molar absorptivity of the reactant.

Magnesium exhibits a variety of unique chemical and physical properties and serves as a resourceful element used for various purposes. In the periodic table, Magnesium holds a position in Group II along with Calcium and barium and is collectively called “alkaline-earth metals”.

The more cycles in which the results were sorted, the more accurate the results would be as they would get the most highly reliable figure. For the first cycle, the mass of the water alone is the mass of the crucible lid and hydrate, less the mass of the crucible lid and residue after heating. That gives 22.678 – 22.460 = 0.218.   

The two modules “Evaluating Student’s Understanding of Chemical Bonding” by Tan and Treagust, and “Chemical Bonding” by Thompson and Staley both discuss the topic in different approaches resulting to different levels of response

The matter that is a colourless and unstable gas exists in the earth’s periphery. Most of it is confined in the ozone layer and it moderates the effects of rays from the sun through absorbing the rays. Fears of depletion of the layer that could have undermined the role of absorbing sunrays formed the basis of arguments for the depletion of the layer.

There had been no reports around the world that such action-packed hostage-taking of some chemical facilities had ever been made known because with all the high-tech security measures being undertaken by magnificently high-financed chemical plants, no one would even attempt to get inside and forcefully steal chemicals vital to national security.

In a study conducted by a UCLA research group under the guidance of Thomas G. Mason, who is a professor of chemistry and physics, the

This is facilitated by a combination of software technologies, a combination of laser and photochemistry. Stereolithography is preferred by many engineers and manufacturers due to the various advantages associated with its use. Some of the advantages associated with Stereolithography include its low costs, production of durable objects, efficiency, and high precision.

The units used for the measurement of concentration are units of molarity (M) and (mol/L). To understand the significance of molarity and understand concentration, it was important to make four solutions from one sample during the experiment. Spec 20 was used in the experiment to calculate the absorbance because it can absorb light very well.

Carbohydrates provide the energy needed in transportation of tryptophan transportation across the blood brain barrier in the brain. In normal person, high

The full face piece covers the greatest area from around the hairline to the chin as compared to the half mask which covers from nose to chin and the quarter mask which covers only the eye and the nose, hence the most appropriate to use is the full face piece since it ensures maximum area covered hence high protection. 

The two elements belong to the same group in the periodic table and have the same valence shell electronic configuration. Periodicity can be found in ionization energies and electronic affinities along the groups in the periodic table (Atkins). This prediction can be made because of the arrangement of atoms on the basis of valence shell electrons in the periodic table.

Proteins cannot be made by RNA-based organisms, so they could live where main ingredients like sulfur, required for protein synthesis is absent. By extraction of DNA, the genome pattern of various species can be established. Scientists are rewriting the genetic code and using engineered bacteria making new proteins with new amino acids.  

The second and more powerful explosion caused the destruction of a building for drying explosives. The result was a six-foot-deep crater with dimensions of 60 feet across and 40 feet wide, caused by an explosion of a magnitude of a 2.0

The objective of the experiment is to identify the technologies currently available that can substantially cut carbon emissions over the next fifty years as it would prevent the catastrophic effects that beckon. However, this will require reducing the projected carbon output by roughly 8 billion tonnes per year by the year 2055.

Some of the common problems include misdiagnosis because of disparate clinical presentation. The aggressive diagnosis is necessary in averting these mistakes in adopting an effective intervention. 2. Schmitt,

There are various parameters used to test the quality of good paint. The parameters include opacity, shade achievement, viscosity, and gloss among others. For this case, testing is specific to the pigment. Therefore, the most important parameters include gloss, opacity, and strength of the color. Use a brush to apply the paint on a piece of paper.

The three experiments carried out by the author are of significant importance in chemistry, especially the application of new technologies incorporated within them. In this first experiment, the synthesis and characterization of ruthenium complex, the Ruthenium compound will be characterized by UV-Vis, spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.

On the other hand, when nonmetals formed a compound, they share electrons forming a covalent bond. Taking anhydrous aluminum chloride, AlCl3 for instance, Aluminum is a metal and Chlorine is a nonmetal, by nature they should have formed an ionic compound.

The author states that the path followed to get the products does not matter since the energy used or consumed is the same irrespective of the path. For example, when you burn Carbon in excess Oxygen or in little Oxygen and then Carbon monoxide in little Oxygen the end product will be Carbon dioxide and the energy summation is the same in the two paths.