Definition of Key Terms - Assignment Example

Assignment: Definition of Key Terms Children with exceptionality refer to children whose area of functioning in which they are significantly different from an established norm. These include those children with disabilities and those with special talents or gifts. Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, beliefs, values, experiences, attitudes, religion, notions of time, concepts of the universe and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations. In other words, a culture is a way of life of a group of people determined by their behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept and pass along though imitation from generation to generation. Ecological model is defined as an abstract in mathematical representation of an ecological system, which is studied to understand the actual system. They are formed by a combination of ecological relations and the gathered data in the fields. Family centered model is a way of working with both formal families and informal families across the systems of service to enhance their capacity to care and protect the children in their families as well as recognize the value of women’s employment. Family empowerment is defined a process by which the families access knowledge, skills and resources that help them to gain positive control of their lives as well and improve the quality of their life-styles Family focused approach is a set of values, attitudes and approaches to services for those children with special needs and their families. Gene environment interaction is the phenotypic effect of interactions between genes and the environment, exploited by both animals and plants breeders to the benefit of agriculture. High incidence disabilities are children who have different education needs and styles. They have communication disorders, mild mental retardation, and specific learning disabilities including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individualize education program is a mandated program by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that gives opportunities to teachers, parents, school administrators, and students to work together and improve educational results for children with disabilities. Information processing model is a theory of human development that uses the computer as a metaphor for explaining thoughts processing. Information processing model is a description of variation between people in either one or many traits, behaviors and their characteristics such as intelligence variation. An intra-individual difference is defined as two or more traits and variations between two individuals and their behaviors. Low-incidence disabilities are students who are characterized by blindness, low vision, deafness, hard-of-hearing, development delay, complex health issues, serious physical impairment, multiple disability and autism. Medical model is a set of procedures in which all doctors are trained. These include complaint examination, ancillary tests, diagnosis and treatment, with or without treatment. Response to intervention is method of academic intervention used in the United States to provide early, systematic assistance to children who are having difficulty in learning. Academic aptitude are those students who have potential to demonstrate exceptional strength in a specific area if academics. They have exceptional ability in one or more subject areas, that they performing beyond the norm for their age group. Assessment is the process of evaluating the achievements of a student, knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs. Assistive technology is the general term that includes assertive, adaptive and rehabilitative devices for the people with disabilities, including the process used in selecting, locating and using them Authentic assessment is a form of assessment in which students are asked to perform real-world tasks that demonstrate meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills. Context of the child is the assessment of children as they grow up to help understand what causes their needs, how to define some objectives of a given program and how to adopt to the best approaches. Continuum of Service is the range of placements, programs and services available for exceptional special needs of a student including regular classroom, to part time withdrawal to self-contained classes. Diagnostic achievement tests evaluate a learner’s understanding of a specific course or study program, and identify areas learners need to work on. Ecology of the child is the branch of sociology that is concerned with studying the relationships between child groups and their physical and social environments. High stakes testing is any test used to make important decisions about students, educators, and schools for the purpose of accountability. Individuals with disabilities education act is a United States federal law that governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to children with disabilities. Inclusion in education is an approach to educating students with special education needs. Under the inclusion model, students with special needs spend most or all of their time with non-disabled students. Individualized Education Program is mandate by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which defines the objectives of a child with a disability, as defined by federal regulations. It is intended to help children reach educational goals more easily. Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, evaluation, and management of processes and resources for learning. Inter-individual differences are a concept of special education that compares one child with another. Least restrictive environment is identified by the U.S. Individual with Disabilities Education Act as one of the six principals that govern the education of students with disabilities. Multiple intelligences is a taxonomy of intelligence that differentiates it into primary modalities rather than considering intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Performance assessment is a form of testing that requires students to perform a task rather than select an answer from a readily made list. Standard (norm-referenced) achievement tests is a type of evaluation which yields a position’s estimate of the tested individual in a predefined population, with respect to the trait being measured. Transition services means a coordinated set of activities for a child with a disability that is designed to be a result oriented process focusing on improving the academic and functional achievement of the child with disabilities. Universal design for learning is an educational framework based on research in the learning sciences that guides the development of flexible learning environments that can accommodate learning differences in individuals. Read More