Primary Network Characteristics - Assignment Example

The Longest Short-Cut- Fiber Optics to Connect Japan to the UK - via the Arctic Outline feasibility study for the project A fiber optic design is a specialized process leading to a successful installation of a fiber optic network. The design requires working with high qualified engineers from the IT department and other designers such as architects and contractors. The designers must have a vast knowledge of the fiber optic systems and installation processes. They must also be conversant with wireless technologies. In order to come up with this construction and structure, there are a number of engineering actions that will deserve to be undertaken in varied categories. These will need to be undertaken in order to make sure that the installation is finished in a successful way. They will require a wide range of equipment and plant, which will go along the schedule and sequence of activities that have been put in place. Thus, as indicated by Hecht (2012, par. 1), the accomplishment of this project will involve the use of fiber optic cables that are established in the submarine manner. As such, due to the challenges posed by the sea conditions and icebergs it will be necessary to lay the cables using ships that are meant to work in icy conditions. These are the ice-rated ships (Hecht 2012, par. 3-5). The laying of the cable will need distribution with the use of bandwidth that is composed of microwaves and terrestrial cables. Among the other equipment that will be necessary for this project include the cables, and repeaters of different wavelengths and capacities (Articfibre 2014, par. 1-5). Buffers or the outer jackets, claddings that are made of glass, as well as calculators will be important in finding the distance and fiber loss during the operation (IMC networks 2009, p. 9). It will be vital to note that these activities can only be performed during particular months of the year. In order to install the fiber optic it could be wise to use a bandwidth of about 1 or 10 GB/s since it has the capacity to enhance the performance required. However, in the installation of the fiber optics there are certain specific considerations that have to be made. They include the security of the fiber optic cables and their related expenses. The cables are left exposed and therefore hackers can gain access. The installation of fiber optics is associated with many expenses thus proper planning must be enhanced to ensure cost minimization. A SIMPLIFIED SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES Determining the type of communication systems The first step in installing a fiber optic is to determine the kind of communication systems that will be carried over the fiber optic network. Geographical outlay Geographical outlay includes the premises over which the network will pass through. Transmission equipment’s This are the equipment under which the fiber optic network will operate. Requirement for permits and inspections This is the stage where the permit for installing the fiber optic network is sought and permission is granted. The necessary inspections are done to enhance proper authentication. Documentation, Maintenance and Planning After all the above procedures we consider documenting the network, then maintaining it and planning for its installation. (Fiber Optics LAN Section of the Telecommunications Industry Association, 2002). SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AN OPTICAL SYSTEM shgbjkreihtkfd In any optical system there has to be the source of information which is transmitted as an electrical transit to the optical source (Hayes, 2009). It is then transmitted via the optical cable to the photo detector where it is detected to ensure proper authentication. It later passes the electrical stage and finally to the destination. There are current trends in research and development of optical components that have been reviewed. Cunningham& Lane (1999) observed that the basic properties of optical fibers and the technological improvements in splices, connectors and the source couplers are the first to be presented. The developments are in optical sources, LED’s and photo-detectors. The operation of optical fibers is based on the principle of total internal reflection. Light waves are guided from one end of the fiber to the other through reflection. Generally there are three main components of a fiber optic system namely: i) Transmitter ii) Transmission medium iii) Receiver The transmitter is the point of origin of information coming into the fiber optic lines. The transmitter accepts electronic pulse information that are coded coming from the wires majorly of copper. Light pulses are generated using light-emitting diodes. Light pulses are channeled through the fiber optic medium using lens where they are transmitted down the line. Once the light pulses reach their destination, they are channeled into the optical receiver. The receiver detects the received light and converts it into electrical signals. The optimal fiber sizes may range from 8 to 10 um in diameter (Codenoll Technology Corporation, 1991). In this relation, there will be some key issues that will play some principally pivotal role in the contribution of technical and commercial success towards this project. One of the most important aspects is the enhancement of teamwork and communication to make sure that the project is completed successfully through the ability to overcome most of the barriers and challenges. In order to be able to use the various technological advancements required, there will be a need to change the organizational culture to incorporate various expert and experienced skills (Arcticfibre 2014, par. 1-6). With this, it will be possible to enhance the reliability of networks within the structure of the cable with three pairs. In addition, as shown by IMC networks (2009, p. 3-5), it is vital to understand the needs of the customer as well as the operations of the company in order to provide a guarantee that factors such as fiber mode, sensitivity of reception, attenuation of the fiber cables and their budgets are sufficiently understood. Some of these key pivotal issues have been experienced previously by the Telco industry where the management ensured that they obtained success in their project by putting a number of strategies into action. These included the reflection of customer segments and the functions of the company, the sharing of common tasks, structure with which the product is developed and field forces of the customer among other networks. On the other hand, other companies that include Aon, Abbey, Royal mail and BOC among other IT companies have used some of the best practices that include transparency and accountability to provide back up for the level of commitment, the adoption of a wider approach in an enterprise, identification of the key stakeholders and the implementation of cultural change (Telegeography, 2014). In conclusion the installation of fiber optic networks has several advantages and is also faced with various challenges. The advantages are evident in that the fiber optics are error free in the transmission of information over long distances. They also have the ability to support high rates of data and provide long term economic benefits. Some of the challenges include the infrastructural constraints and issues of compatibility. The fiber optics is not always compatible with all the kinds of information. The fiber optics is cost effective and is able to meet a higher demand for higher bandwidths. Bibliography Arcticfibre, 2014. Primary Network Characteristics. Retrieved 16 April 2014 from http://arcticfibre.com/network/network-architecture/ Codenoll Technology Corporation. 1991. The Fiber Optic LAN Handbook (Fifth Edition). USA: Codenoll Technology. Cunningham, D. G. & Lane, W. G. 1999. Gigabit Ethernet Networking. UK: Macmillan Technical Publishing. Fiber Optics LAN Section of the Telecommunications Industry Association. 2002. The Truth About Fiber in Local Area Networks. Retrieved on 18th April 2014 from http://www.fols.org/fols_library/white_papers/documents/Fiber%20Myths%20White%20Paper%20final.pdf Hayes, J. 2009. The FOA Reference Guide to Fiber Optics. USA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Hecht Jeff, 2012. Fibre optics to connect Japan to the UK – via the Arctic. Retrieved 16 April 2014 from http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21328566.000-fibre-optics-to connect-japan-to-the-uk--via-the-arctic.html#.U0t-rlVdUdY<br IMCnetworks, 2009. Calculating fiber loss and distance. Retrieved 16 April 2014 from http://www.imcnetworks.com/Assets/DocSupport/to-fibercaldist.pdf Telegeography. 2014. Global Bandwidth Research Service. Retrieved on 18th April 2014 from http://www.telegeography.com/research-services/global-bandwidth-research-service/index.html Read More