Materials for Sustainable Sites - Assignment Example

Question #U One sustainable aspect of traditional HMAC is environmental aspect. Environmental aspect is a value added processing and energy saving consumption aspects of the HMAC. HMAC is better for the environment as it provides a better health and for long-term pavement life. Moreover, HMAC decreased haul of materials and quantity of the damage sustained on the surrounding road infrastructure thus aiding in the mitigating the prevailing premature aging of the surrounding due to the concentrated haul. HMAC model aids in energy savings with the recycled structures regarding to the decreased need for the extraction and processing of the underlying virgin materials. Moreover, HMAC technology permits asphalt concrete to the range of 50 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit cooler compared to the PCC resulting to the reduction in terms of the temperature, which substantially decreases energy utilization at the mixing plant and consequently lessen greenhouse gas emissions during production. HMAC production concrete drastically decrease the quantity volatile organic compound emissions thus eradicating the smoke and odor related to the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth. HMAC production lowers production temperature that normally results to oxidation of the asphalt mix during the traditional hot-mix asphalt production process. This leaves efficient asphalt within the mix by aiding in the reduction of the aging impact of the asphalt. Aging impact results to brittleness and cracking. Moreover, HMAC possesses the potential for increased compaction over the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth, which aids in reducing potential damage to the streets due to the recurrent loading over period. Question #V Engineering wood is the best for building two stories house within the Oregon coast having sustainability goal. Oregon coast has higher humidity levels and the engineering wood is more suitable since it is more resistant to relatively higher moisture and steady. Engineering wood is also not susceptible to swelling due to alteration in temperature thus adding attractions within the basements or within the regions possessing relatively higher humidity levels. The wood also works efficiently under the floor heating systems due to its stability. Engineering wood normally has a thickness of 15mm hence offers greater stability and long-term usage. Natural finish of the building will consists of very board of multiple layers of the timber that bonded together. The underlying outermost of 4mm of engineering hardwood will act as an option to the solid timber due to its coated natural oxidative oils making the color long lasting. Engineering wood flooring stylizes home thereby granting elegant living surrounding. Moreover, the plywood substrate is capable to accommodate the environment. Utilizing engineering plywood bind resin and wood fiber sheets forms a composite material, which decreases the underlying tendency of the wood to split when nailed at the existing edges. The wood will also offer adequate strength to the panel in higher humidity across all directions, which makes it suitable than wood that offer unilateral strength. Question #W Engineering wood are normally utilized in areas with higher humidity levels since it is more resistant to relatively higher moisture and are more steady as compared to the single piece of wood or timber. Moreover, engineering wood is not susceptible to swelling due to alteration in temperature thus adding attractions within the basements or within the regions possessing relatively higher humidity levels. Engineering woods work efficiently under the floor heating systems due to its stability. Engineering wood is applicable is situations requiring a thickness of 15mm as opposed to the wood having 12mm of the laminate floor. Additional thickness offers greater stability coupled with in the long-term usage. Natural finish consists of very board of multiple layers of the timber that bonded together. The underlying outermost of 4mm of engineering hardwood act as option to the solid timber due to its coated natural oxidative oils making the color long lasting. Engineering wood flooring stylizes home thereby granting elegant living surrounding. Engineering wood in higher humidity areas are made of the 11mm plywood substrate with the capacity of accommodating the environment. Utilizing engineering plywood bind resin coupled with wood fiber sheets thus forming a composite material, which decreases the underlying tendency of the wood to split when nailed at the existing edges. Engineering wood offer adequate strength to the panel in higher humidity across all directions, which makes it suitable than wood that offer unilateral strength. Engineering wood is more sustainable as compared to the wood or timber in high humidity areas since it aids in the conservation of costly hardwood forests. Production of engineering wood floor takes solely a quarter of the underlying total hardwood, which are utilized in making single piece of the solid wood timber. Question # X HMAC ground-up onsite as a part of new HMAC pavement is the most effective at increasing sustainability. Asphalt pavement is the broadly recycled product on the prevailing road is resurfaced the existing top layer of the asphalt pavement is removed by remixing fresh materials. HMAC offers means of reusing old asphalt pavement and waste product to better use. Specifications for the asphalt pavement entail ingredients such as rubber originating from the steel making procedure, sand from the metal casting foundries and corresponding waste emanating from the production of roofing soils. HMAC pavement properties massively rely on the underlying in-place components and has is of importance variability among the prevailing in-place relying of the kind of the mix, cumulative quality and size, mix reliability coupled with the asphalt content. Reflection cracking induced by the underlying environmental entailing combination of the dual primary form of the distress within the HMAC intersections of the resurfaced elastic and the inflexible pavements. The propagations of cracks via the AC intersection infiltration of the water and coupled with de-icing salts normally because swift weakening of the prevailing pavement structure and practicalities. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms resulting to the advancement of replication cracking are horizontal and the discrepancy vertical movements amidst the original pavement and corresponding HMAC overlay. Surface recycling is particularly suitable in manufacturing pavement within the rural locations. HMAC ground-up onsite as a part of new HMAC pavement creates a leaving course for the underlying overlay, which is flexible and capable of holding off the pavement. Question #Y CMU is produced from a mixture of the Portland cement and corresponding aggregates under controlled situations. They to form particular desired shape and load bearing wall amidst the spaces in the building. Moreover, classification of CMU is based on the weight. CMU has compressive strength of 1900psi, embodied energy of 1855MJ/Mt and embodied carbon of 180. Since the units of the CMU are ideally bigger than corresponding bricks units, the prevailing construction time demanded for laying units is less than that of the concrete brick and MW Clay Brick. CMU units are either solid or hollow thus offering continuous vertical voids that are frequently reinforced. Concrete brick has compressive strength of 3500psi, embodied energy of 8200MJ/Mt and embodied carbon of 850 whilst MW Clay Brick has compressive strength of 2500psi, embodied energy of 4584MJ/Mt and embodied carbon of 232. Based on the provided information alone compressive strength and flexural strength of Concrete brick meets the underlying minimum requirement for load-bearing masonry unit that can be used within the structural requests and corresponding non-load-bearing masonry units bricks sample P-20 that is applicable. Even though the percentage with the sand by the peat accomplishes the minimum compressive strength of accessible compressed stabilized earth bricks, water concentration and porosity are distinctly affected its underlying durability. Moreover, the relatively higher void and corresponding big coarse soil particles within bricks results to development of flaws and feebler the bricks. The physicomechanical properties of the concrete bricks at diverse peat depict MW bricks content have potential to be utilized as lightweight low cost masonry unit. Question #Z Sustainability development is the advancement that meets the underlying requirements of the current devoid of compromising the capability of prospects generations to meet their individuals’ requirements. The definition entails numerous aspects in materials sustainability namely lowering the embodied energy and corresponding carbon dioxide footprints, conservation of the resources, recycling, re-use, green materials coupled with the environmental effect. Construction industry is the main producers of the carbon dioxide, emissions thus advancement within the manufacturing of materials and better practices within the design and construction that possess massive effect on the reduction of the emission. Whilst the public embrace that sustainable practices within the building sector can contribute to decreasing carbon dioxide emission an d whole sustainable advancement of the full degree of the potential influence is rarely taken into consideration. Sustainable concrete materials Concrete is widely utilized construction material around the world. It is a composite material entailing in its most fundamental form as a mixture of cement, rock, sand and water. Concrete has an aggregate matrix that serves as strong, durable filter with the array. Modern technologies are perpetually introduced into the underlying concrete industry in order to widen the sustainable aspects. Reinforcing steels is recycled material, which decreases the whole CO2 impact of concrete. Nevertheless, reinforced concrete structure is the internal problem of the steel that arise in the early stages of the service life of numerous structures thus reducing their prevailing sustainability. The curriculum ought to address this issue dynamically and repeatedly so that student to be be aware of sustainable quality process, which lengthen duration of building construction and their sustainability. Work Cited Calkins, Meg. Materials for Sustainable Sites: A Complete Guide to the Evaluation, Selection, and Use of Sustainable Construction Materials. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009. Read More