English Grammar in Context - Essay Example

English Grammar in Context Task 2: Identification of the Noun Phrase structure and Head Noun followed by analysis of the Noun Phrase in terms of pre-modifying and post-modifying elements. 1: Written text analysis Logica has enabled Oman's GSM network, OmanTel to introduce email-SMS in Oman based on Logica's SMSC solution. As part of the new text-messaging service, GSM subscribers in Oman can now send and receive e-mails via mobile phone. Demand for SMS in Oman drove OmanTel to deploy the new text-messaging solution, and the primary benefits that mobile users are receiving include greater accessibility and increased communication options for business and personal use. "Text messaging is among the fastest-growing segments of the region's telecommunications market, and we were determined to launch this service as well as an innovative e-mail component for GSM subscribers, with Logica being the key element to the success of the new service," stated Mr. Ghulam Bin Ibrahim Al-Balushi, General Manager, Mobile Communications Unit, OmanTel.'" In the following table the noun phrases (NP) are written in bold while the head nouns (HN) underlined in each clause: No. Clauses 1 Logica has enabled Oman’s GSM network OmanTel 2 to introduce email-SMS in Oman 3 based on Logica’s SMS solution 4 As part of the new messaging service 5 GSM subscribers in Oman 6 Can now send and receive e-mails 7 via mobile phone 8 Demand for SMS in Oman 9 drove OmanTel to deploy the new text-messaging solution 10 And the primary benefits 11 that users are receiving 12 Include greater accessibility 13 And increased communication options 14 For business and personal use 15 “text messaging is among the fastest-growing segments 16 of the region’s telecommunications market 17 And we were determined to launch this service 18 As well as an innovative e-mail component 19 for GSM subscribers 20 With Logica being the key element to the success of the new service,” 21 Stated Mr Ghulam Bin Ibrahim Al-Balushi, 22 General Manager Mobile communications Unit, OmanTel The following table represents the Noun phrases structure from the written text: Clause number Pre-modifying Head noun Post-modifying pre det num desc class 1 Oman’s GSM network OmanTel 2 email SMS 3 Logica’s SMS solution 4 the new messaging 5 GSM subscribers 6 send receive e-mails 7 mobile Phone 8 demand SMS In Oman 9 OmanTel the new text messaging 10 the primary Benefits 11 that User’s 12 greater accessibility 13 increased Communication 14 business personal use 15 text Messaging Fastest growing segments 16 the Region’s telecommunication market 17 this service 18 an innovative e-mail 19 GSM subscribers 20 general manager Discussion When it comes to written text, there is an enormous level of grammatical complexity. Words are systematically arranged, and all parts of noun clauses can be clearly identified. It is also common for written texts to have complete sentences that have a definite meaning. The above text on OmanTel network contains 126 words. After analysing the text, I was able to identify 20 noun clauses, 33 noun phrases, one pre-modification phrase, seven determiners, nine describers 14 classifiers and three post-modifiers. The noun such as “As part of the new text-messaging service” and “GSM subscribers in Oman”. Some of the noun clauses contain single noun phrases while most contain two noun clauses, for example “And the primary benefits”. There are other few noun clauses that contain up to three noun phrases such as “With Logica being the key element to the success of the new service”. [146 words] Noun phrase Pre-modification determiners describers classifiers Post-modification Written text 33 1 7 9 14 3 2: Spoken Text analysis Lori: Uhh, I came across this really funny website the other day… It’s, umm, designed to where people can anonymously send an e-mail to an annoying coworker… Michael: Mmm hmm… L: Saying things like, “You really need to use deodorant [laughter]…but we’re too shy to tell you”… and they, you know, you just put in their e-mail address… M: Okay L: Umm, and it got me thinking about annoying coworkers… M: Okay L: Can…Do you have any memories of particularly irritating and annoying people at work? M: Well, I don’t remember anyone who was…smelly, ummm [laughter] M: But there was there was one guy who was rather irritating, umm, he was, actually, he was someone who I, who I answered to, he was… L: He was your manager? M: He was…yeah…he was, he was a manager at my department. L: Uh huh. M: And..umm…what he would do would be if myself ..or..or..and one of my colleagues were having a conversation that was in any way, uhh, related to something other than the immediate job that we were working on… L: Uh huh. M: …he would, uhh, jump in there and and and, uhh, tell us off! For doing it… L: Really? In the following table the noun phrases (NP) are written in bold while the head nouns (HN) underlined in each clause: Clause no. clauses 1 Uhh, I came across this really funny website the other day… 2 It’s, umm, designed to where people can anonymously send an e-mail 3 to an annoying co-worker… 4 Mmm hmm… 5 Saying things like, “You really need to use deodorant [laughter]… 6 but we’re too shy to tell you”… 7 and they, you know 8 you just put in their e-mail address… 9 Okay 10 Umm, and it got me thinking about annoying co-workers… 11 okay 12 Can…Do you have any memories of particularly irritating and annoying people at work? 13 Well, I don’t remember anyone 14 who was…smelly, ummm [laughter] 15 But there was there was one guy who was rather irritating 16 umm, he was, actually, he was someone who I, who I answered to 17 He was… 18 He was your manager? 19 He was…yeah…he was 20 he was a manager at my department. 21 Uh huh 22 And..umm…what he would do would be 23 if myself ..or..or..and one of my colleagues were having a conversation 24 that was in any way, uhh, related to something other than the immediate job that we were working on… 25 Uh huh 26 …he would, uhh, jump in there and and and, uhh, tell us 27 off! For doing it 28 Really? The following table represents the Noun phrases structure from the spoken text: Clause number Pre-modifying Head noun Post-modifying pre det num desc class 1 this really funny website 2 an email 3 an annoying Co-worker 4 5 use deodorant 6 too shy To tell you 7 they You know 8 their email address 9 10 annoying Co-workers 11 12 Any & annoying Memories & people 13 remember anyone 14 who Was smelly 15 there one guy Was rather irritaing 16 he Someone who I answered to 17 he 18 your manager 19 yeah he 20 a manager At my department 21 22 what he Would do 23 a conversation 24 the immediate job 25 26 us 27 doing it 28 Discussion When analysing the spoken text in the aforementioned context, I was able to realise that it does not have a complex grammatical structure. Rather it has numerous fragmentary clauses. Perhaps this is because while speaking in most occasions people do not usually plan what they are going to say. In the spoken text, I was able to identify that certain phrases such as “mmm” “Uh huh” did not have a significant grammatical structure. From the analysis, it is clear that spoken text is lexically shallow and does not contain well-arranged grammatical clauses. The spoken text contained 201 words. From which I was able to identify 22 noun clauses made up of 41 noun phrases. There were no pre-modifications for the nouns, and there were only two describers. There were a total of ten determiners, seven post modifiers and a total of ten classifiers. [143 words] Noun phrase Pre-modification determiners describers classifiers Post-modification Spoken text 41 0 10 2 10 7 Comparison between the written and spoken text When I compared the two analysis between the spoken text and the written text, I was able to realise that there were several differences between the two texts. This is because spoken text and written text both have different grammatical structures. Written language is significantly more complex than spoken language. This because written text uses more complex grammatical structure as compared to spoken words. The written text consists of 126 words with 20 noun clauses as compared to 201 words with 27 noun clauses from the spoken text. Further analysis proved that the spoken text had 33 noun phrases and the spoken text had 41 with the first 126 words only having 30. From the comparison, it can be concluded that written texts are shorter than spoken texts. Written texts also comprises of more complex, longer phrases and words. [142 words] Noun phrase Pre-modification determiners describers classifiers Post-modification Spoken text 27 0 10 2 10 7 Written text 33 1 7 9 14 3 Task 3: Analysis and discussion of the structure of all clauses in term of the coordination, subordination, embedding, and finite/non-finite Written text analysis Clause boundaries marked by || Embedded clause marked by [[ ]] Logica has enabled Oman's GSM network, OmanTel|| to introduce email-SMS in Oman|| based on Logica's SMSC solution. || As part of the new text-messaging service, || GSM subscribers in Oman|| can now send and receive e-mails|| [[via mobile phone]]. || Demand for SMS in Oman|| drove OmanTel to deploy the new text-messaging solution, ||and the primary benefits|| that mobile users are receiving|| include greater accessibility|| and increased communication options|| for business and personal use. || "Text messaging is among the fastest-growing segments|| of the region's telecommunications market, || and we were determined to launch this service|| as well as an innovative e-mail component|| [[for GSM subscribers]], || with Logica being the key element to the success of the new service," || stated Mr. Ghulam Bin Ibrahim Al-Balushi, || General Manager, Mobile Communications Unit, OmanTel.'"|| Clauses that have coordination Can now send and receive emails drove OmanTel to deploy the new text-messaging solution, and the primary benefits include greater accessibility and increased communication options Clauses that have subordination As part of the new text-messaging service and the primary benefits that mobile users are receiving and we were determined to launch this service as well as an innovative e-mail component Clauses with an embedding 1. can now send and receive e-mails [[via mobile phone]]. 2. as well as an innovative e-mail component [[for GSM subscribers]], Clauses that are finite introduce e-mail SMS in Oman GSM subscribers in Oman Via mobile phone Business and personal use Text messaging is among the fastest growing segments With logica being the key element to the success of the new service Clauses that are non-finite 1. Logica has enabled Oman's GSM network, OmanTel to introduce email-SMS in Oman Independent clause dependent non-finite clause Discussion In the third task, I analysed the structure of all the clauses in the written text. The written text contained 126 words. I was able to distinguish and mark all the noun clause which came to a total of 20. It is important to note that written text is more grammatically complex, therefore is likely to have a variety of nominalisation, lexical variation and noun based phrases. Written text also tends to have more subordinate clauses, longer sequential clauses that contain prepositions and more of complement clauses. From the analytical results, a summary of the key components of the text was as following: there were three clauses that were joined by coordinators. Similarly, there were also three clauses that were joined by subordinators. Embedding clauses were only two, this is because in written text the idea is usually clear and precise it is only in rear conditions that an embedded clause is needed. The text also contained six finite clauses and one non-finite clause. [165 words] Spoken text analysis Lori: Uhh, I came across this really funny website the other day…|| it’s, umm, designed to where people can anonymously send an e-mail|| to an annoying coworker…|| Michael: Mmm hmm… L: Saying things like, [[“You really need to use deodorant]] [laughter]… ||but we’re too shy to tell you”… || and they, [[you know,]] || you just put in their e-mail address…|| M: Okay L: Umm, and it got me thinking about annoying coworkers…|| M: Okay L: Can…Do you have any memories of particularly irritating and annoying people at work? || M: Well, I don’t remember anyone|| [[who was…smelly,]] ummm [laughter] || M: But there was there was one guy who was rather irritating, || umm, he was, actually, he was someone [[who I, who I]] answered to, || he was… L: He was your manager? || M: [[He was…yeah…he was]], || he was a manager at my department. || L: Uh huh. M: And..umm…what he would do would be|| if myself ..or..or..and one of my colleagues were having a conversation|| [[that was in any way, uhh, related to something other than the immediate job that we were working on…|| L: Uh huh. M: …he would, uhh, [[jump in there and and]] and, uhh, tell us|| off! For doing it… L: Really? Clauses that have coordination “You really need to use deodorant [laughter]… but we’re too shy to tell you but we’re too shy to tell you”… and they, you know, you just put in their e-mail address Umm, and it got me thinking about annoying co-workers Do you have any memories of particularly irritating and annoying people at work? But there was there was one guy who was rather irritating And… umm…what he would do would be if myself ..or… or… and one of my colleagues were having a conversation he would, uhh, jump in there and and and, uhh, tell us off! Clauses that have subordination what he would do would be if myself … or… or… and one of my colleagues were having a conversation But there was there was one guy who was rather irritating Well, I don’t remember anyone Clauses with an embedding Saying things like, [[“You really need to use deodorant]] [laughter]… and they, [[you know,]] you just put in their e-mail address… I don’t remember anyone|| [[who was…smelly,]] he was someone [[who I, who I]] answered to, [[He was…yeah…he was]], || he was a manager at my department he would, uhh, [[jump in there and and]] and, uhh, tell us Clauses that are finite I came across this really funny website the other day… You really need to use deodorant I don’t remember anyone there was one guy who was rather irritating he was a manager at my department Clauses that are non-finite 1. “You really need to use deodorant [laughter]… but we’re too shy to tell you”… Independent Clause dependent non-finite clause 2. He was…yeah…he was, he was a manager at my department Dependent non-finite clause independent clause Discussion I further did an analysis on the structure of the spoken text and noted down the clauses with coordinators, subordinators, embedding, finite and those that were non-finite. The first thing I did was to separate each clause and also identify and mark the embedding clauses. When speaking it is common to find that the individuals involved do not normally plan ahead on the topic. This is the reason why there were several embedding clauses which were trying to explain an idea that was not clearly outlined. There were eight clauses that were joined by a coordinator. Three contained a subordinator and six had embedding clause. Further analysis also revealed that the text had five finite clauses and two non-finite. Comparison between written text and spoken text A comparison between the two texts written and spoken reveals that there is a large discripancy between the two. To start with written text is quite different from spoken text due the lexical density and complexity. This means that the words in a written text hold more content in per clause as compared to spoken text. For example this text “and we were determined to launch this service” carries more content when compared to “Umm, and it got me thinking about annoying co-workers…”. The section of coordinators reveals that spoken text has more speaking requires more coordination between the many independent clauses that the speaker uses. As a result there were eight coordination in spoken text as compared to three in written text. The next component is subordination which uses a conjunction to join a dependent clause to a fundamental clause. The written text contains two embedding clauses and the spoken text contain six. The crucial difference comes in because the ideas in spoken text are not clear and straightforward therefore the speaker has to keep on explaining their ideas. The written text had more finite clauses compared to spoken because of the lexical density of written text. A non-finite clause is one with no tense and modal finite. The spoken text had two non-finite clause against one that was present in the written text. [255 words] References Read More