Letters to the Grand Duchess - Essay Example

Galileo uses the church as a source to refer to the hard-hearted in support of his position. The church through the ages has at times adopted the doctrine of compel violet, a kind of political dominants, a kind of cultural superiority, a means of political dominance.

Rhetoric of Aristotle
According to Aristotle, the essence of happiness is prosperity combined with virtue. When someone is happy, that is when he or she can make many friends, build a family, make wealth, live a long life, excel, have athletic powers, and therefore have good virtue.
Rhetoric is known as the ability to use language efficiently. Aristotle asserts rhetoric is useful in that; it helps to discover the known and the unknown about a subject. Normally, we use language- in speech or writing- we engage in a rhetorical work (McKeon, 148).

Mediation
Absolute certainty assumes the knower understands each concept in its full extension and its relationship to all other concepts. Absolute certainty precludes doubt of any nature. Absolute certainty holds every thought in total context and always relates all information together as one unified whole. Absolute certainty, defined in this full extension of the term, is possible only to an absolute being that enjoys absolute knowledge.

Human Understanding According to Hume
The Corpus of marvels exists when someone evokes or experiences surprise or wonders whereas a miracle is an event that occurs inexplicably as per the laws of nature and is taken to be supernatural. Hume defines a miracle as a transcriptional of the law of nature by a specific volition of Deity. Personally, some experiences are inexplicable i.e. when I got healed stomach ulcers without undergoing any medication (Bailey, Alan & Dan, 212).

Immanuel Kant
There are four methods by which we can assure the truth of something. First, is by trusting the source of the information (Lee, 37). For example, by reading a book or reviewing a research study; by using references other than scientific studies such as religious literature. In all cases, the information is usually made clear and we believe in the source of the information. Secondly, one can know something is true through personal inspiration, and lastly, through personal experience. However, in most cases, individuals tend to apply critical thinking and logic to ensure that they comprehend certain information (Lee, 39).

Thomas Kuhn
A paradigm is a group of assumptions monitoring how we relate to and understand the world. Every person has a personal paradigm that is affected by external forces and their own experiences in support of the paradigm (Kuhn, 199). The intellectual situation and status of a person are large factors in choosing the kind of paradigm one will have.
The assumptions on which a paradigm is based are assumed to be true and are usually assumptions that cannot be measured for example: In what has been called the Western Science Paradigm, the hypothesis that God made the universe and that people are intelligent to know His creation are assumptions that cannot be measured (Kuhn, 198). Although many have tried to prove the existence of God, there will always be a component of believing involved to believe in a supernatural power. Read More