A World of Art - Essay Example

? May 8, World of Art Types of construction are as follows: a. Load bearing: This term describes the capability of something or someone of bearing a lot of weight, i.e. carrying heavy material (Sayre, 2007). This phrase is often associated with ‘load bearing wall,’ which has a history of being one of the earliest types of construction (Sayre, 2007). What it it is a flying buttress allowing open interior space while distributing weight to the buttresses rather than the center walls. The Notre Dame Cathedral is an example of this construction. Its weakness is that it cannot hold up larger areas of construction or buildings. b. Post and Lintel: This form of construction refers to a simple method that utilizes architrave, header, or lintel as an elongated member over a building’s blank space that is also supported by two vertical columns at the ends (Sayre, 2007). The point of this method is to bear the weight of the building, or structure that is positioned atop of the openings transpired by doors and windows in a supporting wall. This construction type began with the Neolithic period like the Stonehedge (Sayre, 2007). c. Arches and Domes: Architectural construction like arches and domes are prevalent in Italy, arguably more so than any other country, that were initiated in ancient Rome (Sayre, 2007). They are used as eye-catching construction that also serves a dual purpose in acting as entrances in arches, and the roofs of structures where rain does not catch. An example is the beautiful Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence, Italy. d. Cast Iron: This type of construction involves the metal alloy and is the fractured surface of graphite when it flakes due to defects in cracks, and it can be brittle (Sayre, 2007). The fact that it has a low melting point, has machinability as well as resistance to wear and tear (Sayre, 2007), it is a widely-used material for such things like pipes, especially in the automotive industry. Rust difficult to come by with cast iron materials as well. e. Frames, Steel and Reinforced Concrete: Firstly, reinforced concrete is steel reinforcing that is distributed at all stress locations and placed into position to adhere to accommodations (Sayre, 2007). Frames are issued along with the steel and concrete to help support buildings as added sturdiness for the structure. An example of such a structure is the Hoover Dam. 2. Frank Lloyd Wright, an American architect, designed a rural southwestern home in 1935 (Fallingwater, 2011). His inspiration stemmed from waterfalls, surrounding nature, the dramatic appearance of boulders and rocks as well as ledges in the area in which he built the home (Fallingwater, 2011). Like most architects, he utilized what he enjoyed most about the site and incorporated it into his work. The terms topography and technology go hand-in-hand when referring to Wright’s home Fallingwater for the following reasons: Firstly, topography, defined as “the art or practice of graphic delineation in detail usually on maps or charts of natural and man-made features of a place or object” by Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2011), is prevalent in Wright’s architecture. He applied technology buried behind-the-scenes like the waterfalls and structural foundation, but overlaid the evidence with a reproduction, a mirror-image of the natural ledges, rocks and boulders that initially inspired him. Secondly, the home itself has to work the same like a normal home with plumbing, running water and heat/electricity. Wright interrelated that with the topography seen in the way the inside feels like a cave, the ceilings low, the hallways labyrinth-like without linear direction, and how the furniture resembles natural trees and branches (Fallingwater, 2011). 3. The major components of design styles are: a. Arts and Crafts: This design style consists of hobbies associated with hand-making items with a certain skill (Sayre, 2007). The history of specific craft-items can be somewhat hard to determine due to the fact that some have been around for centuries while others are brand new. However, the Arts and Crafts movement came about in the 19th century in order for people to receive fulfillment in being creative with hand-crafts (Sayre, 2007). A few examples are knitting, calligraphy and cross-stich. b. Art Nouveau: This is a type of decorative art that arose in 1890 to approximately 1905 where its direct meaning is ‘new art’ (Sayre, 2007). It incorporates organic themes, with an emphasis on floral or other plants, a philosophy of design that states artists should implement art into everyday life (Sayre, 2007). An example of this is the Staircase of the Masion & Atelier. c. Art Deco: Similar to French term nouveau, Art Deco transpired in Paris, France in 1920s as eclectic art and design, and it was influenced by everything design-wise like architecture, interior design, jewelry, industrial design, and film (Sayre, 2007). It varied greatly from the previous style through its use of linear symmetry rather than organic curves. A prime example is the famous Chrysler Building in New York City. d. Avant-Gardes: This style’s definition means ‘advance guard,’ which refers to innovative or experimental works by people in art (Sayre, 2007). It pushes the envelope when it comes to the norm of what is expected or previously done. It began around the time Art Deco was initiated (Sayre, 2007). A film titled The Love of Zero is an example of this style. e. The Bauhaus: ‘House of Construction’ was a school founded by Walter Gropius in Germany that dealt with fine arts and crafts as well as the approach it taught 1919-1933 (Sayre, 2007). The style became popular in Modernist architecture and design where it combined arts and crafts with fine arts, erasing distinctive barriers between the styles. f. Streamlining: These are field lines produced from streams that change only with an added element like time, and it also encompasses a group of curves that illustrate flow fluidly at any given point (Sayre, 2007). These design styles can arise in such architectural elements like staircases or patterns in the wooden floor. It helps maintain symmetry in buildings along with perfect balance. g. Forties and Fifties: The design styles that arose during this time period include items like lava lamps and Eames chairs that represent the retro-look, i.e. fun mixed with sophistication (Sayre, 2007). The furnishings comprised of carved mantels, chrome and leather sofas. h. Contemporary Designs: This design implements a simple, soft and clean look unlike the business of other styles (Sayre, 2007). It is a ‘polished’ appearance where everything is crisp and tight, no mess to be had as well as overabundance of style. For instance, coziness is absent in this design as it uses functional art. References Fallingwater. (2011). In Wright-House. Accessed on 8 May 2011 from, http://www.wright- house.com/frank-lloyd/fallingwater.html Sayre, H. M. (2007). A World of Art (5th ed.). Prentice Hall, NY: Upper Saddle River. “Topography.” (2011). In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Accessed on 8 May 2011 from, http://www.merriam-websterdictionary.com/topography OUTLINE I. Introduction II. Vincent van Gogh background A. Important dates 1. Birth 2. Death 3. Recognition B. Design principles used C. Design elements used D. Famous works III. Leonardo da Vinci background A. Important dates 1. Birth 2. Death 3. Recognition B. Design principles used C. Design elements used D. Famous works IV. Direct comparison of the two artists A. Influences rendered on artists to illustrate similarities and differences 1. Education 2. Mentors 3. Environment 4. Life experiences a. Family, friends, careers B. Mona Lisa vs. Starry Night 1. Style 2. Color 3. Direction 4. Abstract/Naturalistic 5. Value 6. Shape C. How both artists influence people in today’s society across the globe V. Conclusion VI. References References Bay, NSY. (2010) Da Vinci’s Anatomy. In Journal of Morphological Science. Accessed on 8 May 2011 from, http://jms.org.br/PDF/v27n1a04.pdf Blumer, D., M.D. (2002). The Illness of Vincent van Gogh. In The American Journal of Psychiatry. Accessed on 8 May 2011 from, http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/159/4/519 Mckenna, T. (2011 May). Vincent van Gogh Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory. In Informaworld. Accessed on 8 May 2011 from, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a936253290 “Leonardo da Vinci”. (2011). Leonardo da Vinci Biography: Life, Family, Childhood, Parents, History, wife, Young, Son, Info. In Encyclopedia of World Biography. Accessed 8 May 2011 from, http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ki-Lo/Leonardo-da-Vinci.html Lovett, J. (1999). The Elements of Design and Prinicple. In JohnLovett.com. Accessed on 8 May 2011 from, http://www.johnlovett.com/test.htm “Vincent van Gogh”. (2011). Vincent van Gogh Biography: Life, Childhood, Parents, Name, History, School, Mother, Son, Info. In Encyclopedia for World Biography. Accessed on 8 May 2011 from, http://www.notablebiographies.com/Tu-We/van-Gogh-Vincent.html Read More