What Should Eastern European Migrants to UK Do In Order To Be More Gainfully Employed - Dissertation Example

?What Should Eastern European Migrants to UK Do In Order To Be More Gainfully Employed ? Table of Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Overview Background of the EE Migrants in the UK Reason for Choosing This Topic Literature Review A8 Labor Market Migrants from Easter Europe UK Government Equality Policy & Programs Applicable Regulations for EE Migrants in the UK Recent Past, Present, and Future Economic Outlook in the UK Recent Past, Present, and future Global Economic Outlook Objectives Methodology Primary Data Secondary Data Limitations of Research Ethical Issue Findings & Analysis Conclusions Recommendations References: Appendix Introduction According to European Commission website (European Commission, 2011 http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/5th_enlargement/index_en.htm), in May 2004 Poland, the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Hungary and Estonia joined European Union. The United Kingdom was only one of three European countries to allow the free migration of workers. The ability to work and to live in abroad made thousands of people leave their home and go to look for a better living in UK. Hull like other UK cities experienced rising number of immigrants coming from East and Central Europe. According to Department for Work & Pensions, the total number of immigrants coming to Hull between 2004-2008 from east and central European countries was 6.780. Most of the people coming to Hull are from Poland, Lithuania, Latvia. Migrant workers come with a broad range of qualifications and skills. They intend to choose low skilled jobs through recruitment agencies and take a low- income employment. The possible barriers could be such us: • Difficulties understanding and speaking English • Lack of confidence • Under recognized qualifications/degrees • Lack of motivation, enthusiasm • Employers disbelieve or mistrust • Discrimination This research will look into the reasons why migrant workers have a tendency to take vacancies in low skilled jobs market despite the level of skills they have. The immediate aims of this research are: • To explore skills and qualifications of East European workers; • To clarify primary obstacles faced by immigrants wanting to access better employment; • To look into reasons why East European workers don’t adapt in English labor market. In order to achieve these aims, in the course of researching, a survey would have to be done to know the hopes and needs of Eastern European (EE) migrant workers in the UK. The laws and regulations affecting those Eastern European Migrant workers have to be scrutinized and summarized to see how they can affect their hopes and needs. The survey questionnaire should gather some information about their strengths and weaknesses as Eastern European Migrant workers. A review of their opportunities, rights, and privileges will then shed light on the usefulness of those strengths in the UK. Finally, in order that this formal research can contribute some insights to the existing body of knowledge about Eastern European Migrants in the UK, and to the improvements in productivity with the UK, an attempt to recommend plans will be done for the conversion of Eastern European Migrant workers at Hull into becoming more productive for the UK. Overview The UK government is committed to its Equality Act 2010 which serves as an anti-discrimination law. It gives equal treatment in trying to access employment regardless of race, religion or belief, gender, civil status. By December 2010, the government (GEO 2010) “announced that it will bring into force section 159 of the Equality Act 2010 in April 2011. This will help employers achieve a more diverse workforce by giving them the option, when faced with candidates of equal merit, to choose a candidate from an under-represented group.” In 2005, Hull had a sluggish economy in 2005. Growth was low. Productivity was low. Earnings were low. So the Local Authorities of Hull developed a strategy and called it NDC or New Deal for Communities Sanderson, I., Green, A., and White, R. (2005, p.4). The strategy tried to link the people in Hull to employers. Then in January 2010, the Equality & Human Rights Commission (EHRC 2010) discovered that the Eastern European Migrants had higher educational attainment although their compensation compared to the natural born UK workers were 12.5% lower. In an attempt to find out why, the study pointed out that the difference was merely in the English Language Skill. The news about Equality Act 2010 enforcement came many months after the Financial Times reported (Eaglesham, J.2009) after a survey, that 78 % of the UK adult citizens were hostile to immigrants and even wanted them to leave UK if they are jobless. Background of the EE Migrants in the UK In June 14, 1985, the European Union approved the Schengen Agreement which aimed to gradually eliminate the barriers that prevent European countries from crossing borders of Belgium, Federal republic of Germany, France, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Other EU member countries joined later. Italy agreed in November 27, 1990; Portugal and Spain agreed in June 25, 1991. UK and Ireland maintained their own checking procedures. By June 19, 1990, in a convention to sign the Schengen Agreement, specific procedures for all those who agreed to implement it, were formulated. Included were the Issuance of Uniform Visa, the procedure for Asylum, and the IT aspect of gathering data. The United Kingdom did not agree with the principle that EU citizens may freely move within Europe. From 2004-2007, more countries agreed. Malta, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary (in 2004), and Romania, Bulgaria (in 2007). UK, Ireland, and Sweden remained non-Schnegan signatories. Poland, Latvia, Lithuania had far below average per capita income compared to UK, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Cyprus. Finding a job with minimum wage in the UK was much better (above the average) than in their own country. The majority of migrants to UK came from Poland. As of 2010, there were one (1) million reported to have come from Poland. During the period of recession, 2008-2009, when the UK Economy realized high unemployment rates (See Figure 1 appended.), 200,000 Poles returned to Poland. They were made up of workers as well as “teachers, bankers, vets, and hotel managers” according to the Federation of Poles in Great Britain (Akhtar 2009). BBC News (2009) confirmed this by September 8, 2009 after the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) reported the same return of Eastern Europeans in UK back to their homes. That MPI was commissioned by the BBC. Alan Travis of Guardian.co.uk (Travis, 2009) reported a decline of 40% in the migrants from Eastern European countries as a result of the UK recession. Reason for Choosing This Topic I presently live in Hull where there are many immigrants from Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania. It will be possible for me to approach and interview respondents near our place. More important than facilitation will be the benefit of getting to know the Eastern European general consensus about their employment in the UK. This study might eventually contribute to the improvements in their lives when results of the study are formalized and utilized to guide authorities towards determining how they can be supported in order to fulfill the mission of Equality for all, including migrants. Literature Review A8 Labor Market Migrants from Easter Europe A recent study (Papademetriou, Demetrios G., Sumption, Madeleine, and Terrazas, Aaron, et. al. 2010, p. 48) showed that in 2009, the average hourly wage of A8–born workers compared to those born in UK was 2/3 the amount earned by natural born citizens in the same job. And over 50% of Eastern European migrants in UK were employed in jobs requiring no skill. That study entitled “Migration and Immigrants Two Years After The Financial Collapse: Where Do We Stand?” was actually meant for the BBC Report coming from the Migration Policy Institute. Its purpose was to provide updates after the recession. There was a noticeable decline in growth of migrants to the UK. Remittances to Eastern Europe fell. Although recession ended, the negative impact of it which was unemployment could last for more years. This fact should be considered for a better understanding of the feedback coming from respondents of questionnaires that will be accomplished. The report clarifies (p. 6) how “Almost all wealthy countries experienced a recession in 2009…”. Very few (Poland, Australia, and Germany) were the only nations that had a positive GDP during the recession from the 2nd quarter of 2008 to the 2nd quarter of 2009. Over 50% of Lithuanians and Polish male workers in the UK were building laborers and factory workers, while 50% of their females worked in “shops, hotels, and restaurants”. (p.89) The recession was considered by reports in the USA (Labonte, M. 2010, p.2) and this report in UK (Papademetriou, Demetrios G., Sumption, Madeleine, and Terrazas, Aaron, et. al. 2010, p. 21) to be the worst since World War II. Migrants from Eastern Europe was said to have “collapsed in 2008, remained low in 2009, and in the first quarter of 2010 reached their lowest point since EU enlargement.” (p. 50) UK Government Equality Policy & Programs A vital factor currently protecting the rights of Eastern European immigrants to the UK is the Equality Act of 2010. It provides laws protecting the equal access to employment opportunities in the UK. That “The Equality Act 2010” which is managed by Government Equalities Office has been readily available online at http://www.equalities.gov.uk/equality_bill.aspx . It hopes to eliminate or discourage discrimination. It supports equality in pay. According to Sumption, Madeleine and Somerville, Will (2009, p.5 ), the average Eastern European “are young and work for low wages in low skill jobs, even if they are highly educated (in other words, they downgrade and have a lower return on their education achievements than other migrant groups).” They secure jobs in UL through recruitment firms and social networks, Their pattern of movement appeared circular by joining the workforce and then going back home. Some do not know how long they plan to stay in UK. Others regularly come and go. The bigger proportion of those who work actually secured unskilled labor. Employers readily hire Eastern Europeans because of their good work ethics. (p.6) However, the more logical point of view should be taken from that of employers who want lower labor cost in order to produce at competitive prices. Eastern Europeans were paid lower wages than the natives of UK. It was an advantage to businesses, considering that the inflation rate has been relatively high. See Figure 2 for the Statistics of UK inflation rates. Globalization has facilitated the entry of Eastern Europeans into the UK workforce through the Recruitment Agencies. Once in the UK with job experiences and better qualification, the Equality Act 2010 becomes a very helpful law to those who wish to aspire for better compensation at the right time. The documentation entitled “The UK’s New Europeans: Progress and Challenges 5 Years After Accession” prepared by the Migration Policy Institute for the Equality and Human Rights Commission (, many questions were answered. For example, what makes Eastern European migrants (A8) different from other migrants ? The proportion of immigrants to the UK is shown in Figure 3 which was taken from p.14 of the same report. This is also where to find that Polish migrants to UK make up “2/3 of A8 immigration”. (p. 13) In terms of historical statistics, UK natives have lower unemployment rates compared to immigrants to the UK. Figure 4 shows that chart which came from “Migration and Immigrants Two Years After the Financial Collapse: Where Do We Stand?” (Papademetriou, Demetrios G., Sumption, Madeleine, and Terrazas, Aaron, et. al. 2010, p. 51). A Closer Look At Hull Since the topic involves conducting a survey at Hull (Day, C. 2005), a documentation about the state of that city-region is available in the report entitled “The Natural Economy of Hull”. It gives the economic, social, and environmental profile of the place wherein Eastern Europeans have been growing as immigrants to UK. Government has been concerned with its development. Thus, the “Hull City Council commissioned the Local Futures Group to produce an analysis of the natural economy of Hull in May 2005.” (p.1) At the time of the study, Hull was found to have a relatively lower proportion of jobs to residents (66%) compared to 5 other cities which had 70% for the lowest among them. (p.5) Yet Hull was performing “near the national average” productivity. (p.16) Government (Sanderson, Ian, Green, Anne, and White, Richard 2005, p. 11) has been taking initiatives to resolve the issue of unemployment in Hull with four (4) key initiatives, namely, “job brokerage and advice services, training and skills development, childcare and pre-school provision, social enterprise and the Resident Service Organization”. The goals were to decrease unemployment, increase the opportunities for career growth by developing the capabilities of potential employees (“aptitude and skills levels” p.10), increase income in Hull by giving access to work outside of Hull. (p.9) One important initiative to highlight would be the code name ELITE which means East London into Training and Employment. It aims to serve the “disadvantaged residents who experience multiple barriers to employment.” (p.11) In that Research Report 62 (Sanderson, Ian, Green, Anne, and White, Richard 2005, p.22) many problems at Hull were identified during those years prior to recession. Among them were the high unemployment rate of the youth in the 16-24 years old bracket. They were not qualified with skills, career goals, and even the simple procedure of filling up the application forms. Poverty was being experienced. Hull was said (p.23) to have the “highest level of educational deprivation in England.” The report mentioned “culture of worklessness” of people in Hull who were not used to work and “had no work ethic”. (p.23) To reduce the problems of Hull, the local authorities (p.25) developed an “Employment Strategy and Plan…to connect people to jobs.” That was almost 7 years ago. Recent news dated April 14, 2011 (Hull Daily Mail, 2011) said that Hull had the highest unemployment in UK. There were many random and candid comments to that news. Perhaps those comments can also serve as feedback about the actual employment situation in Hull among Eastern European immigrants. There are some comments following that article which blame Eastern European Migrants entry into the UK job market as the cause of lack of jobs for the natives. Some blame the Labour Party for allowing the Eastern European Migrants to work in UK. Others blame the bankers and the managers of the economy for the lack of employment opportunities. One of them ventured to say that the Hull city council has been giving the wrong information to the public about the improving situation in Hull. A very important source of current statistics about Hull would be the Office of National Statistics in UK. The website URL http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432013/report.aspx divulges many facts about Hull as of the latest 2011. These includes the following: (1) total Population of Kingston upon Hull broken down into gender and compared to Great Britain’s total population, (2) working people’s population in Hull within the age bracket of 16-64, (3) the employment and unemployment statistics between October 2009-September 2010 in Hull as well as in UK, (4) breakdown of employment by type of occupation, (5) number of Hull people with their qualifications categorized according to NVQ1, NVQ2, NVQ3, NVQ4 with explanations as follows: Figure X (Source: Office of National Statistics, 2011 Available @ http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432013/report.aspx ). (6) earnings of Hull residents in 2010 compared to the earnings per resident of the average UK resident, (7) the actual number of job seeker’s allowance (JSA) in March 2011, (8) JSA claimants by number of months duration, (9) number of claimants in their working age, (10) job density in Hull versus job density in UK, (11) jobs by industry, and a few other statistics. These were not yet appended for Dissertation Proposal purposes. But they will most probably be included for reference in the completed dissertation. Just to emphasize how important they will be eventually, one of those statistics confirms that indeed, the people in Hull had a below average employment level compared to the UK average employment level. See the Table that follows this paragraph. The claimant of Hull exceeded 200% of the average percentage of claimants in the entire UK. Table X There are many other references. For example, Financial Times (Eaglesham, J. 2009).surveyed the non-immigrants concerning their opinion about the immigrants to UK. The results showed 78% recommended that those immigrants without jobs in the UK should be told to go home. On the other hand, Philippe Legrain (Cruse, I. 2010, p.11) published a forum paper that defends the importance of Immigrants to UK, in “The Economics of Migration”, saying that UK needs these immigrants to complement the work of natives so that UK natives can pursue higher goals. He praised the UK immigrants for being hardworkers. Recent Past, Present, and Future Economic Outlook in the UK To understand why Eastern European Immigrants have been facing difficulties with employment in UK, data should be gathered to clarify what is happening to the UK economy while the news says the recession is over. Why is there high unemployment rate ? The confirmation of a difficult economic climate will justify a better strategy than aiming to have higher salary at a time when the business community might not yet be able to afford it. Just to provide the tip of the iceberg, Figures 5 and 6 show the GDP growth rates before, during, and after the recession. Figure 5 & 6 are appended. The economy is still trying to recover from the recession wherein many lost their jobs. This will be explained further in the Finding and Analysis part. A slow growth rate means also a slow recovery of business enterprises that are supposed to hire more people. As of the recent months, consumer spending and consumer confidence has remained low, while the value of money has been decreasing due to high inflation rates. To simplify the presentation of facts, Oxford Economic released charts to reveal tends to prove the fluctuation (signifying uncertainty) about the economy. Especially about consumer confidence, the prognosis looked worrisome along with high unemployment rates. These Charts A and B disclose years of historical information. They are appended in Figures 8 and 9. Recent Past, Present, and future Global Economic Outlook While the interest of this formal study is to focus on Eastern European Immigrants and how their qualifications can be tapped for higher levels of work, there should be a realistic assumption to say that government or any other supportive Training and Development Agency can deal with an issue at a time when the priority seems to be about keeping the country float and not allowing it to enter a double-dip recession. The global economy also has to be considered. When the recession struck the world, EU-27 and EA-16, growth in GDP declined by almost € 1 Trillion in just one year (from 2008 to 2009). This can be seen in Eurostat 2011, p. 142 , which has been appended as Figure 7. Many banks lost. Many businesses closed. UK banks had to be bailed out, which caused an increase in the Debt-to-GDP Ratio of UK government. According to Herhalt, J. (2010), this threatens economic recovery. Methodology Primary Data will come from the tabulation of questionnaires. The specimen of that questionnaire is in the Appendix section. Before interviewing some of them, each respondent will first be asked if they are willing to express their views concerning their career on the assumption that there is no need to disclose their names on the questionnaire. 15 Polish, 8 Lithuanians, and 5 Latvians will be the target respondents. I estimate that 80% will be successfully accomplished. Other questionnaires will be given out in ESOL classes at Avenues and Eastfield adult education centers in Hull. 90% of the questionnaires may be expected to have feedback. There will also be attempts to get feedback (in terms of answered questionnaires) from East European Food Stores on Beverly Road in Hull. Still other questionnaires can be emailed to friends in social networks, where I can expect that 90% will be accomplished successfully. In order to get the cooperation of respondents, they will first have to be oriented about the benefit of participating and be convinced about the minimal disclosure of private information. Aside from no name needed, no address and no contact number will have to be disclosed. Secondary Data will come from online research concerning the factors that will have an impact on the Eastern European immigrants. Topics like government policies and regulations, employers’ practices, the UK economy and how it has affected the performance of migrants before, during, and after the recession. These will serve as background materials to understand why respondents’ feedback. Limitations of Research This will only be a random sample of Eastern European migrants to the UK. A more thorough coverage can be done by the local authorities in Hull to confirm the findings. It does not propose anything to the respondents except to gather information about what they have in mind concerning their employment in the UK. Ethical Issue Although there will be attempts to openly ask why they have chosen to secure jobs wherein they are overqualified, no argumentation will be done in order to show respect for their opinion. As can be seen from the questionnaire, there is no question asking why there seems to be a preference to be under-employed. It is possible that they did not plan to have such an employment. Nothing that appears to slight the respondents was emphasized. This is also what will happen during the interview. There will be no fault finding. Findings & Analysis Conclusions Given all these external conditions and UK’s economy, the concerns of Hull immigrants from Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia can be better understood and planned for a more accurate and effective strategy that will tap opportunities and overcome problems in the immediate term. The realities are pointing to the need for the right timing for corresponding action plans to be implemented. During the hard times to recover from recession, Hull immigrants have to face the fact that UK natives are also having difficulties finding jobs. The government wishes to provide Equality of access to job opportunities. But if there are not enough jobs, the priority of government would have to be the creation of jobs via support for business enterprises. The hypothesis therefore is that Hull immigrants can use the recovery period to prepare for the time when more than enough employment opportunities can be tapped while the number of qualified applicants might become insufficient. Those with jobs have to remain steadfast with whatever they are working on. If possible, they should take extra effort to become more qualified for the kind of work they are best fit for. One of the advantages of Eastern European Immigrants to the UK is the lower asking price for their labor and education. Most probably, they can maintain their present jobs. But they should not be content with that. They should plan and prepare for a higher career for themselves even while the economy is still trying to recover. After all, the government is committed to Equality of access to opportunities for all and the weakness that Eastern Europeans have is in their English. Such a weakness can be corrected if it is given serious attention and training. Recommendations References: Akhtar, Naved (2009). “UK Polish Immigrants Return Home”. Digital Journal, February 21, 2009. Available @ http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/267753 . Accessed May 10, 2011. Allegra Stratton & Patrack Wintour: Andy Burnham joins Labour leadership race with immigration pledge. The Guardian, 20 May 2010. See also: Anushka Asthana, Ed Balls: Labour?s immigration policy hurt wages of British workers. The Observer, 6th , June 2010. Anderson B, Clark N and Parutis V. (2006). “New EU Members? Migrant Workers’ Challenges and Opportunities to UK Trade Unions”. A Polish and Lithuanian Case Study. London: Trades Union Congress Anderson B, Ruhs M, Rogaly B and Spencer S. (2006). “Fair Enough? Central and East European Migrants in Low-wage Employment in the UK”. Joseph Rowntree Foundation Balls, Ed (2010). “We Were Wrong To allow So many Eastern Europeans Into Britain”. The Observer, June 6, 2010 Guardian.co.uk. Available @ http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jun/06/ed-balls-europe-immigration-labour . Acessed May 0, 2011. BBC News (2009). “Recession Moves Migration Patterns”. BBC.com September 8, 2009. Available @ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8243225.stm . Accessed May 10. 2011. BBC News (2011a). “Eastern European Migrants ‘ADD ? 5 billion’ To Britain’s GDP” . BBC News UK, May 1, 2011. Available @ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13251614 . Accessed May 10, 2011. Cruse, Ian (2010). “The Economic and Cultural Benefits of Immigration” The Library Note, House of Lords. October 15, 2010. Available @ http://www.parliament.uk/pagefiles/10493/LLN%202010-023%20ImmigrationFP.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011. Day, Colin (2005). “The Natural Economy of Hull”. Hull City Council , May 2005. Available @ http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/corp-docs/researchgroup/Reports/NaturalHull.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011. DCLG (2008). “Review of Migrant Integration Policy in the UK (including a feasibility study of the proposal for an Integration Agency)”. Dept. of Communities and Local Government, London. June 2008. ISBN: 978 14098 0145 Available @ http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/838994.pdf . Accessed May 9, 2011. DMR (2010). “Claims that Half of Poles Have Returned Home from Britain Not True, Says Polish Immigration Expert”. Daily Mail Reporter, January 22, 2010 . Available @ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1245251/Claims-half-Polish-immigrants-returning-home-true.html . Accessed May 10, 2011 Dunn, Cameron JM (2010). “Eastern European Migration Powerpoint Presentation”. Slideshare May 10,2011. Available @ http://www.slideshare.net/sarahsymmonds/eastern-european-migration . Accessed May 10, 2011. Eaglesham Jean (2009). “FT Poll Reveals Hostility to Jobless Migrants”. Financial Times 15 March 2009. Available @ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/48a5c55a-11b5-11de-87b1-0000779fd2ac.html#axzz1Lwrgztaf . Accessed May 10, 2011. EHRC (2010). “Easter European Migrant Employment Patterns Reviewed”. Equality & Human Rights Commission, January 17, 2010. Available @ http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/news/2010/january/eastern-european-migrant-employment-patterns-reviewed/ . Accessed May 10, 2011. Eurostat 2011. *European Economic Statistics 2010 Edition”. Eurostat European Commission 2011, ISSN 1831-4759 Field, Frank and Soames, Nicholas (2008). “ Balanced Migration: a New Approach to controlling Immigration” . Migrationwatch. Centrepoint UK. Available @ http://www.migrationwatchuk.com/pdfs/balancedmigration.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011 Fitzner, Grant (2009). “Projections of Migration Inflows Under Alternative Scenarios for the UK and world Economies”. Economics Paper 3. Dept. for Communities and Local Government, April 2009. Available @ http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1204238.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011. GEO (2010). “The Equality Act 2010”. Government Equalities Office. Available @ http://www.equalities.gov.uk/equality_bill.aspx . Accessed May 10, 2011. GEO (2011).“Putting Equality At the Heat of Government”. Government Equalities Office. March 7, 2011. Available @ http://www.equalities.gov.uk/ . Accessed May 10, 2011. Glossop, Catherine and Shaheen, Faiza (2009). “Accession to Recession: A8 Migration in Bristol & Hull”. Centre for Cities, London March 2009. Gower, Melanie (2010). “Managed Migration: a Work In Progress ?”. Key Issues for the New Parliament 2010, House of Commons Library Research, p. 95. Available @ http://www.parliament.uk/briefingpapers/commons/lib/research/rp2010/RP10-037.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011 HCC (2011). “Migration Impacts Fund (MIF) Network”. Hull City Council. Available @ http://www.migrationyorkshire.org.uk/mifnetwork . Accessed May 10, 2011. Herhalt, John (2010). "Rising Government Debt Threatens Recovery". Issues Monitor, June 2010. KPMG International Cooperative Hull Daily Mail (2011). “Hull’s Unemployment Levels highest in UK As Nearly 14,000 Claim”. Available @ http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/news/Hull-s-unemployment-levels-highest-UK/article-3446769-detail/article.html . Accessed May 11, 2011. Labonte, Marc (2010).”The 2007-2009 Recession: similarities to and Differences from the Past”. Congressional Research Service, October 6, 2010. ONS (2011). “Labour Market Profile: Kingstom Upon Hull”. NOMIS Official Labour Market Statistics, Office of National Statistics, April 2011. Papademetriou, Demetrios G., Sumption, Madeleine, and Terrazas, Aaron, et. al. (2010). “Migration and Immigrants Two Years After The financial Collapse: where Do We Stand?” Report for the BBC World Service , Migration Policy Institute, October 2010. Rogers, Simon (2010). “ Eastern European Immigration To The UK: the Facts” . Guardian.co.uk April 15, 2010. Available @ http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/apr/29/eastern-european-immigration-uk-general-election . Accessed May 10, 2011. Sanderson, Ian, Green, Anne, and White, Richard (2005). “Employment Strategies in Newham and Hull NDCs: Research Report 62”. New Deal for Communities. November 2005. Sheffield Hallam University. Available @ http://extra.shu.ac.uk/ndc/downloads/reports/RR62.pdf . Accessed May 10. 2011. Soames, Nicholas and Field, Frank, House of Commons, et. al. (2011). “Balanced Migration: the Impact of Balanced Migration”. Balancedmigration.com. Available @ http://www.balancedmigration.com/pdfs/ourcase_7.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011. Soames, Nicholas and Field, Frank, Hose of Commons, et. al. (2008). “Balanced Migration: Government Policies” . House of Commons, March 17, 2008. Available @ http://www.balancedmigration.com/pdfs/ourcase_5.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011. Sumption, Madeleine and Somerville, Will (2009 ). “UK’s New Europeans: Progress and Challenges Five Years After Accession”. Equality Human Rights Commission, Migration Policy Institute, Nov. 2009. Available @ http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/new_europeans.pdf . Accessed November 2009 Travis, Allan (2009). “Number of Easter European Migrants Falls 40% as UK Recession Bites”. Guardian.co.uk, February 24, 2009. Available @ http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/feb/24/fewer-polish-migrants-coming-to-uk . Accessed May 10, 2011. Weyrich, Jean (1985). “Signing of the Schengen Agreement (14 June 1985)”. www.ena.lu 1985. Available @ http://www.ena.lu/signing_schengen_agreement_14_june_1985-020705587.html. Accessed May 10, 2011 Wilkinson, Mick (2010). “Lecture in Race & Social Justice”. Dept. of Social Sciences, University of Hull. Available @ http://www.social-policy.org.uk/lincoln/Wilkinson.pdf . Accessed May 10, 2011. Appendix Questionnaire 1.Alias : _______________________________ 2. Age : _____ 3. Pls. underline: Male / Female 4. Place of Birth :________________________ 5. Status:(Check one)___Married or ___Single? 6. Educational Attainment: (Check Applicable Level Completed.) Elementary High School College (Which Course ?________________________________________________) Masters Degree (Which Course ?__________________________________________) PhD. (Which Course ?___________________________________________________) Vocational / Skill (What Skill ? ___________________________________________) 7. Present Job Position: _________________________________________________________) 8. Length of Service in the Present Job _____________________________________________) 9. What do you believe is your room for improvement to succeed in your career ? (Please check) Conversational English / Accent English Writing Skill More Years of Experience Training for Better Skills Higher Education Others not mentioned…Please describe briefly in the following space provided. 10. How long have you been in the UK ? (State # of years & months.)_____________________) 11. How long are you planning to work in the UK ? (State # of years & months.)____________) 12. Are you aware of your rights and privileges as an Immigrant worker ? ___Yes or ___No. 13. What is the primary reason why you are maintaining your present job ? Please check any. You may check more than one reason This is the work I can do very well. My preferred work was not available. There is very strong competition with natives of UK. I had no choice. This is the work wherein I got accepted. Not applicable for me. I have no job and cannot find one. 14. Have you attended any training and development seminar in the UK ? Yes___ No ___ 15. How much time can you afford to attend additional training and development ? Pls. check. Once a month Twice a month Weekly 16. Are you aware about any government program for the improvement of Eastern European Migrants nearby? ___ Yes or ___No. 17. Is there an obstacle that you think will prevent a successful career? ___Yes ___No 18. Is there racial discrimination in UK ? ___Yes ___No 19. Are you contented with working in UK ? ___ Yes ___ No 20. Do you plan to go home when you retire ? ___ Yes ___ No Figure 1 (Source: UK Office of National Statistics, 2011) Figure 2 (Source: Office of National Statistics, 2011) Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 (Source: Office of National Statistics, 2011) Figure 6 (Source: Oxford Economics, 2011, p. 61) Figure 7 (Source: Eurostat, 2011 p.142 ) Figure 8 (Source: Oxford Economics: UK Forecast in Detail 2011, p. 62) Figure 9 (Source: Oxford Economics: UK Forecast in Detail 2011, p. 62) Gantt Chart May 2011 to April 2012 Q* - refers to Questionnaires EE* - refers to Easter European Read More