Major Characteristics of Electronic Health Record - Assignment Example

?Part EHR Electronic health Record (EHR) is defined as a systematic collection of electronic health information about the individual patients or patient populations at large by a health care professional or a hospital or any other medical facility where a patient seeks treatment. It is a digital format record which is capable to be shared by network connected, enterprise wide information systems and other information networks or exchanges that aims to take care of the treatment and the treatment associated logistics of a patient in a better and effective way. EHR includes a range of data, which includes demographics, treatment and medical history of the patient, medications and known allergies, laboratory and diagnostic test results, radiology images, cardinal signs, personal parameters like age, weight and also the billing information pertaining to insurance claims and other financial implications. Benefits of EHR 1. The system has been designed to capture and represent data which accurately captures the state of the patient at all times. 2. It provides an opportunity to view the entire medical history of the patient at a glance, without the need to track down the patients previous medical record volume. 3. EHR assists in ensuring that the data is accurate, appropriate and legitimate. 4. It reduces the chance of data replication a there will be only one modifiable file- this means the file is continuously updated when viewed at a later date thus eliminating the issue of lost paper work. 5. Effectively helps in extraction of medical data for the possible trends and long term changes in the patient. Barriers to EHR Adoption Remedy 1. Reducing start up costs and simplifying software for private physician set up thus reducing maintenance and training costs. 2. Simple and user friendly software to be designed. 3. System failure must have replication backups in the main server directory which should be protected legally and upon request the vendor should reinstall the records after verifying the identity of customer. References Gunter T.D., Terry N.P. (2005). "The Emergence of National Electronic Health Record Architectures in the United States and Australia: Models, Costs, and Questions". J Med Internet Res 7: 1 “Health Information Exchanges and Your EMR Selection Process", New England Journal of Medicine, January 25, 2011 Kierkegaard, P. (2012). Medical data breaches: Noti?cation delayed is noti?cation denied, Computer Law & Security Review, Volume 28, Issue 2: Pages 163-183 Part 2: The skills that will help the generation of action steps as a part of management strategy to implement EHR. References Amatayakul, M.K. Electronic Health Records(2007): A Practical Guide for Professionals and Organizations. Chicago: American Health Information Management Association. Valerius, J.,Bayes, N.& Newby, C.Medical Insurance: A Guide to Coding and Reimbursement. New York:McGraw Hill, 2005. Part3 : SWOT ANALYSIS OF EHR IMPLEMENTATION References Ash JS, Bates DW (2005). Factors and forces affecting EHR system adoption: report of a 2004 ACMI discussion. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2005;12:8–12. Blumenthal D, Tavenner M.(2010) The “meaningful use” regulation for electronic health records. N Engl J Med; 363:501–4 Part 4 References Berner ES, Detmer DE, Simborg D. Will the wave finally break? A brief view of the adoption of electronic medical records in the United States. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2005;12:3–7. Ford EW, Menachemi N, Peterson LT, et al. Resistance is futile: but it is slowing the pace of EHR adoption nonetheless. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2009;16:274–81. Kaplan B, Harris-Salamone KD. Health IT success and failure: recommendations from literature and an AMIA workshop. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2009;16:291–9 Part-5: NEED ASSESMENT -EHR References National Research Council Computational Technology for Effective Healthcare: Immediate Steps and Strategic Directions. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press, 2009. Torda P, Han ES, Scholle SH. Easing the adoption and use of electronic health records in small practices. Health Aff (Millwood) 2010;29:668–75 Part 6; References Jones SS, Adams JL, Schneider EC, et al. Electronic health record adoption and quality improvement in US hospitals. Am J Manag Care 2010;16(12 Suppl HIT):SP64–71 Part 7: References National Research Council Computational Technology for Effective Healthcare: Immediate Steps and Strategic Directions. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press, 2009. Part 8 References Miller RH, West CE. The value of electronic health records in community health centers: policy implications. Health Aff (Millwood) 2007;26:206–14. Venkatesh V, Morris MG, Davis GB, et al. User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly 2003;27:425–78 Part-9 Process for successful implementation of EHR References Campbell EM, Sittig DF, Ash JS, et al. Types of unintended consequences related to computerized provider order entry. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2006;13:547–56. Jones SS, Adams JL, Schneider EC, et al. Electronic health record adoption and quality improvement in US hospitals. Am J Manag Care 2010;16(12 Suppl HIT):SP64–71 Part -10 References Miller RH, West CE. The value of electronic health records in community health centers: policy implications. Health Aff (Millwood) 2007;26:206–14. Shields AE, Shin P, Leu MG, et al. Adoption of health information technology in community health centers: results of a national survey. Health Aff (Millwood) 2007;26:1373–83. 11. BARRIERS AND RECTIFICATION TO ADOPT EHR 111 Steep cost of the EHR package Steep start up costs steep maintenance costs Steep training cost of employees operating EHR Cost effective for large health care set ups Ineffective for small or individual physician offices in term of cost savings Software qualities and Usability deficiencies Lack of semantic interoperability Efficacy of software is not perceived even after a standard format usage it lacks definition or linkage to common shared directory Issues related to Legal and Private issues Human threats like hacking Environmental hazards causing system failure technology failure like system crashing Remedy 1. Reducing start up costs and simplifying software for private physician set up thus reducing maintenance and training costs. 2. Simple and user friendly software to be designed. 3. System failure must have replication backups in the main server directory which should be protected legally and upon request the vendor should reinstall the records after verifying the identity of customer References Ash JS, Bates DW. Factors and forces affecting EHR system adoption: report of a 2004 ACMI discussion. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2005;12:8–12. Ford EW, Menachemi N, Peterson LT, et al. Resistance is futile: but it is slowing the pace of EHR adoption nonetheless. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2009;16:274–81. Kaplan B, Harris-Salamone KD. Health IT success and failure: recommendations from literature and an AMIA workshop. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2009;16:291–9 12. PCEHR (Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record): A Review The national e-health initiative in Australia PCEHR has its own merits and demerits which will be highlighted in this article. The policy has still not reached its hitting targets as estimated and even though the targets which have been reached they were very few. Normally, Australians who are in better health are unlikely to have a same need to revert to PCEHR than those who are having ongoing care. However, the PCEHR initiative is expected to deliver reduced avoidable hospital admission and general physician visits due to more effective medication management and improved continuity of care. Consumers who have opted into the PCEHR plan will expect that their health care providers will have access to all the clinical documents that provide the accurate medical information from past to present and they can be assured of their treatment continuity through the PCEHR.The PCEHR is the ideal tool for patients to manage their health by recording and sharing heath information between their healthcare providers . To successfully implement and take up the initiative needs to be promoted by the people who will benefit from the PCEHR system right now and their understanding for their motivation to join should be respected. Like, elderly Australians suffering from chronic disease can take active role in the management of their health by acting as their own care managers helping interactions with the health care providers. Then to further endorse PCEHR, the government bodies and the health care providers should be very proactive in promoting the benefits of PCEHR to these probable customers. Establishment of beneficial relationships and meaningful relationships between consumers and healthcare providers is the fundamental to the success of giving and receiving health care and this relationship is the key to sharing of this information through this PCEHR. This philosophy needs an active promotion also. The long term value of a relationship between a customer and healthcare provider encourages information sharing and the desire for better access to better health care information which is provided by the PCEHR. At the same time the patients managing the continuity of care between multiple healthcare providers are unlikely to establish relationships with more than one healthcare provider for a particular service. While the single health care record provides the registered consumers with a portal to access their personal records the healthcare providers must wait for the e-Health software vendors to contribute information to and retrieve the same from their patients PCEHR. This dependency impacts on the rate of healthcare provider participation. For the software systems to get integrated with PCEHR, they should conform with the key national e-health standards. These will include secure messaging, health identifiers, national authentification service standards as well as the clinical documentation type supported on PCEHR. They include shared health summary, discharge summary and event summary electronic formats. To encourage the adoption of PCEHR service the government has announced incentive and funding programmes which has resulted in e-health software systems now supporting the PCEHR services particularly the GP programs. For those patients receiving ongoing care facility from multiple healthcare providers the e-health industry is yet to provide necessary capability to all healthcare providers to easily access PCEHR> . For those patients receiving ongoing care from multiple healthcare providers, the e-health industry is yet to provide the necessary capability for all healthcare providers to easily and seamlessly provide access their patient’s PCEHR. Reference www.nehta.gov.au/our-work/pcehr Read More