Dietary Workshop - Coursework Example

Mrs S is 42 years old and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Her weight 96 kg, height 53m. She is symptomatic complaining of tiredness, thirst and polyuria. A. Mrs. S diet is good dietary plan that is geared towards the control of her type II diabetes. As it is common knowledge, type II diet develops partially due to insulin resistance and its onset in most cases in adult hood. Mrs. S is a good example who is asymptomatic and when it is diagnosed, mitigation measures must be undertaken fast. In this regards, this diet is good for a diabetic person but it still contains a lot of refined sugars and saturated fats and it can be improved further (Bradely, et al. 2009, p. 2743). B. Dietary treatment in diabetic patients is aimed at managing the disease in two ways which fall in the short term and long term goals. The short term goal is to control the blood sugar levels which are as a direct result of the food eaten on a daily basis. In this regards, a strict diet plan must be enforced which would be geared towards loosing the elevated blood sugars in the blood. After the short term goal has been achieved then the long term goal is embarked upon which is loosing weight. According to Franz (2007, p. 135) the important thing about weight plan is not so much the diet plan adopted but whether the concerned person can constantly stick with it for a long time. C. There are plenty of dietary recommendations for Mrs. S as far as her diet is concerned which revolve around her carbohydrates, fat and protein intake. First off, she is taking a lot of fat from the milk. This fat is not good for her sugar levels and therefore she should change to skimmed milk which has low levels of monosaturated fats. The levels of dietary carbohydrates being consumed are primarily from refined or processed foods and very little from natural foods. In addition, the proteins are primarily being derived from poultry milk and sausage which is good but can also be substituted with beans. Moreover, the levels of milk being taken are high and can be substituted with plain water or unsweetened natural juices to replenish the body with much needed body fluids that are lost through polyuria. This diet plan includes no fruits and vegetable intake and it can do with an inclusion of 3 - 5 servings a day of green vegetables and 2 - 4 servings a day of fruits especially after every meal. D. The change that Mrs. S diet should make in order of priority are; inclusion of vegetables and fruits in the diet because these would negate the need for sugars in the tea or milk which increases blood sugars. The second change that is needed is the changing of taking the milk with high fat content to skimmed milk. The other changes like substitution of proteins can then follow gradually (Anderson, Randles, et al. 2006, p. 10). E. Currently the BMI (Body mass index) of Mrs. S is 39.9 which is way too above the normal recommendation. In this regards, it is advisable for her loose between 35 and 40 kg for her to fall within the range of a normal body mass as dictated by her height. F. It is also important to know about the exercise plan of Mrs. S because control of weight diabetic patients is largely undertaken through regular exercise. In addition, it is also important to know the kind of work that the lady does for monitoring of stress levels (Wing, et al., 2011, p. 1483). 2. Mr B is a 58 years old van driver. 2 months ago his HbA1c was 8.1% and weight was 97 kg, Ht 1.8m. His HbA1c now is 9.4% and weight 105 kg. He is prescribed maximum oral hypoglycaemic agents. He has been referred for transfer to insulin. At his pre-insulin assessment, the following diet history was given A. Assessment of Mr. B’s diet reveals that it contains minimal levels of artificial sugars and high levels of fibres which is very good for diabetic patients. This is understandable because Mr. B is obese and his blood sugar is increasing at an alarming rate. B. Mr. B should be transferred to insulin because it seems that his diabetic problem is more from lack of insulin in the blood as opposed to insulin intolerance in the cells. This is clearly seen in the shooting up of the blood sugars within a short span of two months which normally occurs in years. In addition, the unbridled sugar levels in the body can lead to more lethal problems like loss of eye sight which should not be allowed to happen (Anderson, Randles, et al. 2006, p. 6). C. At the moment, the dietary plan of Mr. B seems okay although minor changes can be undertaken such as including a lot of plain water intake and lessening the levels of refined sugars which contribute immensely to blood sugars. D. Initially, Mr. B should lose between 2 and 5% of his current weight which is to be assumed that much of the weight loss is due to dietary changes. However, in the long term more weight should be lost because the influence of weight loss is being brought out by medication and the dietary management. E. It is also important to know about the exercise plan of Mr. B because control of weight in diabetic patients is largely undertaken through regular exercise. In addition, it is also important to know the kind of work that the man does for monitoring of stress levels. Mr M is an 83 years old gentleman diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 8 years ago. He is now on bd insulin and his HbA1c has recently risen to 9.1 % weight 72 kg height 1.73 m A. Mr. M diet is not a true reflection of a diet that is supposed to control blood sugars in a diabetic patient. First off, this diet contains a high level of fats and proteins which it has high chances of the diet having polysaturated fats which are not recommended for diabetic patients. B. The first dietary change that I would recommend for Mr. M is first to adopt a high fibre diet as opposed to refined carbohydrates sources. It is clear that his carbohydrate source is the roll and rice which only contribute to simple sugars and not complex sugars. Although the potatoes are good source of complex carbohydrates more are required. A second change would to balance the meat protein with protein form beans which is more natural. The third intervention that would be highly recommended for Mr. M would be increasing the dietary intake of fruits and vegetables because these two provide the essential nutrients without unnecessarily increasing body sugar levels (Bradely, et al. 2009, p. 2746). C. Other interventions that may work in the case of Mr. M would be engaging in a lot of daily exercise because this is one of the management strategies for type II diabetes. In addition, consulting a dietician is also important in order to get advice on the way forward. Many patients may have underlying problems other than the problems emanating from diabetes. D. It is also important to know about the exercise plan of Mr. M because control of weight in diabetic patients is largely undertaken through regular exercise. In addition, it is also important to know the kind of work the man does for monitoring of stress levels. References Anderson, J.W., Randles, K.M., Kendall, C.W.C., Jenkins, D.J.A. 2006, ‘Carbohydrate and fiber recommendations for individuals with diabetes: a quantitative assessment and meta-analysis of the evidence’, J Am Coll of Nutr, vol. 23, pp. 5–17 Bradely, U., et al. 2009, ‘Low-Fat Versus Low-Carbohydrate Weight Reduction Diets Effects on Weight Loss, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Control Trial’, Diabetes, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 2741–2748 Franz, M.J. 2007, ‘The Dilemma of Weight Loss in Diabetes’, Diabetes Spectrum, vol. 20 no. 3 pp. 133-136 Wing, R.R., et al., 2011, ‘Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes’, Diabetes Care, vol.34, no.7, pp. 1481-6 Read More