Differences in Public Health - Coursework Example

?Full and section number of Part Differences in public health are evident if we compare the residential provinces of whites and minority blacks in the United States. Cities that are occupied by negatively privileged minorities are found to be underdeveloped in several ways. Considering cities like Hialeah that are fully occupied by minorities, we can understand that these cities cannot claim a satisfactory stand in public health. Comparing the city Hialeah with the white prominent city Florida will help us understand the variations in public health. Cities with black minorities lack healthcare facilities. People of these areas are also unable to afford the healthcare facilities of these areas. People are deprived of good healthcare facilities. This makes them vulnerable to different types of diseases. Public health status is below average in these types of cities. Great healthcare disparities prevail in United States. Health status of the negatively privileged population is poor. Ethnic and racial minorities suffer great segregation problems in America. The African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans struggle to meet the medical expenses. They are comparatively more vulnerable to chronic diseases than the whites. This ill-privileged group has high mortality rate and negative health outcomes. The heavy racial and ethnic disparities in United States reflect in health care sector also. For example, cancer rate is found to be very high among the African Americans (nearly 25% higher than the whites). Other blacks, especially Hispanics, are highly risky towards diabetes. The black minorities who live in unhealthy environment are also vulnerable to various other problems like AIDS and infant mortality. Separate legal entities offer health care service in United States. The costs on pharmaceuticals and other expenses are so high that a good percent of the GDP is streamed to the health care sector. The federal government is unable to give universal health care to the entire population. People without health insurance coverage must pay privately for their medical services. Medical expenses are the primary reason for the personal bankruptcy in the United States. The overall performance of the health care system is below average in United States that a system that replaces the existing one is the real need of the hour. Cities that are occupied by white people are, however, privileged to have excellent healthcare facilities. White population enjoys excellent healthcare services. They are also able to afford the healthcare costs. Unlike the underprivileged black minorities, white people are able to get good healthcare facilities. This improves their health status. The public health stand of white-predominant cities is found to be good. Chronic diseases are found to be affecting black minorities. Hypertension is found to be more prevalent in minority black population than in general population. Chances of minorities having hypertension are almost 50% more than the general population. Apart from that severe hypertension occurs almost six times more commonly in minorities than whites and includes large range of target organ damage. Therefore, damages to internal organs like kidneys, cerebral parts and heart happen almost five times more often in minorities compared to the general population. All these contribute to greater mortality level in minorities. As there exist big differences in clinical presentation, lack of proper healthcare facilities, certain pathophysiologic particularly in minorities and delays in joining the medical care system access to healthcare facilities become difficult for minorities. Booming healthcare costs makes minorities far from quality healthcare facilities. Treatment cost and pharmaceutical costs brings more hurdles to the negatively privileged minorities. Researches say that quality treatment can improve the health status of minorities. In spite of the defective situation and differences in genetic nature and lifestyle, effective treatment is expected to improve survival and reduce mortality rate. The innumerable healthcare complications in minority population can be addressed effectively. Part 2 Considering the high prevalence of hypertension in minority population we find that proper treatment and lifestyle changes can improve the state of minority public health. According to studies, hypertension awareness program, treatment, and availability of quality healthcare services at an affordable cost can help reduce the rate of hypertension in minorities. Minorities and those with low socioeconomic status need better hypertension education, awareness classes and intervention programs. The occurrence of hypertension in African Americans is higher than any other population in the world. Average blood pressure is high in African American population. Moreover they develop hypertension early in life compared to the whites. State 3 hypertension is of higher rate in African Americans when it is rarely found in white population. Minority population is therefore under the high risk of the innumerable health complications associated with high blood pressure. They also have an 80-percent more stroke death rate. Heart disease death rate is 50% higher in minorities. It would also be amazing to note that they have a 300 % greater rate of hypertension-related end-stage kidney diseases compared to the white population. According to studies, hypertension awareness program, treatment, and availability of quality healthcare services at an affordable cost can help reduce the rate of hypertension in minorities. Minorities and those with low socioeconomic status need better hypertension education, awareness classes and intervention programs. The occurrence of hypertension in African Americans is higher than any other population in the world. Average blood pressure is high in African American population. Moreover they develop hypertension early in life compared to the whites. State 3 hypertension is of higher rate in African Americans when it is rarely found in white population. Minority population is therefore under the high risk of the innumerable health complications associated with high blood pressure. They also have an 80-percent more stroke death rate. Heart disease death rate is 50% higher in minorities. It would also be amazing to note that they have a 300 % greater rate of hypertension-related end-stage kidney diseases compared to the white population. If the negatively privileged minorities receive adequate treatment they are expected to achieve good health status. For example, proper treatment can save them from hypertension related cardiac diseases and renal diseases. African Americans do not get treatment until their blood pressure levels reach high levels and target organ damage occurs. This is the cause for the hypertension-related mortality in the African-American population. End stage renal disease is very much prevalent in African Americans. African Americans should be made aware of the importance of lifestyle modifications so that they learn to keep their diseases in control. They must be given good education concerning hypertension and other health problems. Public and private healthcare service providers can play a major role in saving the minorities from the high risk of hypertension and other diseases. The healthcare policy of the United States is least favorable for this minority groups. Separate legal entities offer health care service in United States. The costs on pharmaceuticals are so high that only a small percent of the population is able to afford it. The federal government is unable to give universal health care to the entire population because of the lack of social capital. People without health insurance coverage must pay privately for their medical services. Medical expenses are the primary reason for the personal bankruptcy in the United States. The overall performance of the health care system is below average in United States. Lack of social capital boast the healthcare costs that make people deprived of healthcare facilities. Healthcare systems fail to freely afford services like occupational therapy, immunization services, mammography screenings, HIV testing, drug abuse treatment along with rehabilitation services, mental health services, dentistry services, optometry and opticianry services, prescription drugs, podiatry services, medical supplies and appliances, nursing home care, emergency medical transportation services and so on. Healthcare services offered by the nation should be a boon to all people, especially the negatively privileged individuals of the society. Healthcare expenses of all the citizens should be exclusively covered in the system. Citizens should not be allowed to bother about co-payments or deductibles. State should cover the healthcare expenses of citizens who deprived of a job and are not in a position to pay the expenses from their hand. However the improper investment of social capital is limiting the healthcare facilities. Government should do a proper investment of social capital. Affordable healthcare facilities should be made available for the negatively privileged minority populations. Works Cited Colliver, Victoria. “In Critical Condition: Health Care in America.” San Francisco Chronicle, 11 Oct. 2004. Read More