Temporarily Manipulated Dental Occlusion - Book Report/Review Example

Clinical Study Topic The article “The effects of a temporarily manipulated dental occlusion on the position of the spine: a comparison during standing and walking” authored by Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp is an informative as well as comprehensive text. This is because of the authors’ not only utilizing simplified terms to its readers but also meticulous explanations of varied arguments relayed in the article coupled with backing reliable sources. Aim of the paper In this article, its authors explicitly state their intention, which is to examine evident relationship amid dental occlusion and body posture. To achieve their objectives, they conduct analysis of spine positioning to ascertain if it relates with dental occlusion. However, besides their experimentation, they have based arguments on other studies so far conduct probably to substantiate their claims as well as elaborate further. The individual structures of the craniomandibular system are related to a chain based on how they adapt to each other in quest to allow a motion transfer (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2384). Because of this connection, changing one structure can interfere with the others, hence modifying their function. The position of the mandibular ascertaining was by dental occlusion, a comparative teeth positioning to each other. Alterations of the dental occlusion may therefore lead to modification of some process throughout the body due to the interlinking structures. The main purpose of this study was to establish whether a symmetric or asymmetric dental occlusion block could change the spine position during standing and walking where it entailed use of 4 mm thick, silicon panels to make blocks (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2384). The study aims at quantifying shorter relationship evident amid the block and spine position in the healthy context. Hence, this necessitated combination of standing and walking measurements to relate with subject used. To add on, the thickness of the panels represented the thickness of the occlusal splint used for dental treatments (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2384). In addition, authors stated the purpose of the block chosen encompassed to ascertain if severe biomechanical alterations of the mandible and the maxilla relaxation in anyway influence varying results than a thinner block of beneath 1 mm (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2385). If the results show effects on the spine, the finding entailed consideration during a dental treatment especially while grinding-in the splint. Methods Based on how the authors have relayed the information in this study, methods used have adequately addressed its aims. This is evident in the way they have ensured initially selection and even preparation procedures of the participants comply with respective research ethics board besides confirming they were in the right condition (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2385). This is similar to numerous studies’ approaches, which could be due to the way the authors of this text have sought extensively other articles. However, this is not wrong, for it have helped them eliminate numerous technical problems, which they could have encountered evident in the way they have utilized even elaborative ways like images and analytical data to expound regarding methods used. Hence, bearing clinical impact, which is in furthering what other studies have highlighted like that of Alpini et al., Portland TMJ Clinic and Alpini et al researches. In addition, sample of subjects after ensuring their state and conditions comply with appropriate ethics board are adequate towards realizing the aims of the study. In obtaining the relayed information, authors could have utilized meta-analysis, which is also appropriate in crystallizing diverse evidences from varied studies though highlighting similar information (Haidich 30). The methods used involved quantifying the position of the upper spine with an ultrasonic distance measurement system using the sonoSens monitor. It also entailed placing systematically a 4mm thick silicon panel between the left/right premolars or the front teeth. The study utilized Friedman test to determine discrepancies between habitual and manipulated occlusion positions It also entailed application of Bonferroni-Holm correction in order to conduct pair wise comparisons Using the 4mm thick silicon panel was an effective method as it provided a good comparison to the occlusal splint used for dental treatment. The sonoSens Monitor was also quite effective for it was essential in non-invasive measurements of the spine position changes. The monitor used an ultrasonic frequency of 250 kHz and a measurement frequency of 10Hz (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2386). It consists of a transmitter as well as receiver such that every pair sensor its core intention encompasses measuring a certain a specific region along the spine (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2386). This method is applicable in other diagnostic functions, a certified measurement device for medical diagnosis. Freadmen test was used to examine the differences between the measurements and the spine regions. Friedman and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests preferred to that of Kolmogoroff-Smirnof test (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2387). To shun biasness, authors in this case utilized both human genders though their representation was not in right though this did not have any impact for the study focussed on right-handed people (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2385). Results & Discussion Results were from analysis of five different measurement conditions of one body size besides making out specific comparisons. Consequently, this entailed measuring body sides as well as making comparisons to each other in the event of standing and walking (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2387). In order to interpret the direction changes of every spinal region, it entailed acquiring mean values. The presentation of this study’s results is merely through tabulation as well as by use of factual figures. This is for easy and clear comparison, which may be difficult if some aspects meant for evaluation are in factual form. The results also satisfied the aim because the utilized panels in the quest of stimulating manipulated occlusion positions ended up giving rise to measurable spine deviations evidently seen when one is both standing and walking (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2390). While standing, the average upper body posture for all the subjects in the habitual position exhibited a left lateral flexion characterized by clockwise torsion in the CS as well as a regular clockwise especially in the TS and LS (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2388). In the process, the thoracic region turned to a left lateral flexion for the occlusal interferences continued to persist in torsion position (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2388).. The comparison amid the left and right body sides indicated a significant difference in the CS (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2389). This divergence emerged due to due to left as well as right dental occlusal blocks. In both silicon panel placements, authors managed to observe the extent of an increased extension together with left lateral flexion. Changes in the left body side were evident when all silicon panel placements were compared with the habitual position. During the walking trials, there was a detection of spine position changes because of precisely barring dental occlusion (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2389). Observation in this study was that mean upper body position especially when walking related to the left lateral flexion as well as opposing clockwise torsion that characterized the three spinal areas. The change in left lateral flexion varied in every single spine regions during walking. A comparison that characterized both standing and walking undertaken confirmed, a significant cervical extension, which is a trend comprising of increased left-sided flexion. To add on, while walking, there was a greater flexion in the LS and TS compared to standing (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2389). The results of this study confirmed influencing dental occlusion by 4 mm thick silicon has an evident impact on alterations of spinal position observed especially when standing and walking. This study has some relation with some previous studies so far conducted (Tardieu, Dumitrescu, Giraudeau, Blanc, Cheynet, and Borel 222). The results that were obtained from the standing trials demonstrated that a correlation characterizing impacted occlusions and upper body, which is also evident in other studies (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2389). However, this study has no direct influence in the clinical sector; hence, chances of being of applied in a clinical situation are minimal. This is mainly because the design used in study cannot determine the casualty of the observed associations. Consequently, this calls for further and even intensive studies meant to substantiate numerous and varied arguments relayed by authors for the information to have adequate influence in the medical field. This is despite having certain relationship with Alpini et al., Portland TMJ Clinic and Alpini et al researches, which the authors could have mentioned in this article though their respective focus are a bit different. Moreover, the clinical significance of the minimal postural changes is still unidentified. This study also does not set a base that future research can build on (Ohlendorf, Seebach, Hoerzar, Nigg, and Kopp 2390). Work Cited Alpini, D., et al. "The Correlation Between Dental Occlusion And Posture Is Different In Trained Versus Nontrained Subjects." Sport Sciences For Health 7.2/3 (2012): 83- 86. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Mar. 2015. Haidich, A. B. Meta-analysis in medical research. Hippokratia. 14.1 (2010): 29–37. Occlusion and posture. Portland TMJ Clinic. 2014. Web. 6Th March 2015. Ohlendorf, Daniela., Seebach, Kamilla., Hoerzar, Stefan., Nigg, Sandro, and Kopp, Stefan. “The effects of a temporarily manipulated dental occlusion on the position of the spine: a comparison during standing and walking.” The Spine Journal, 14.10 (2014): 2384-2391. Tardieu, Corinne., Dumitrescu, Michel., Giraudeau, Anne., Blanc, Jean-Luc., Cheynet, François, and Borel, Liliane. “Dental occlusion and postural control in adults.” Neuroscience Letters, 450.2 (2009): 221–224. Read More