Health Education and Promotion Models - Assignment Example

Health Education and Promotion Models Health Education and Promotion Models Models serve as frames to provide structure and organization for the planning process. There are many health promotion program planning models described in chapter two. The programs have a common element but different labels. There is no perfect model at all as both of them have weaknesses. The models are useful in improving health conditions. The practitioner is driven, and consumer-based. It implies that the two categories of health promotion planning models focus on addressing consumers needs (McKenzie, and Thacker, 2009). Proceed is a health promotion program planning model that is community oriented. On the contrary, the participatory design is aimed at creating successful community health promotion interventions. In addition, the Precede health promotion program planning model has eight phases as discussed. The first phase involves defining the ultimate outcome. It focuses on what the community wants and needs. It may seem unrelated to the issues of phase one. Phase two is for identifying the issue. In this phase, one looks for the issues and factors that might cause or influence the outcome identified in phase one. Phase three involves examining the factors that affect behaviour, lifestyle and responses to the environment. In this period, factors that will create the behaviour and environmental changes in phase two are. Step four identifies best practices and other sources of guidance for intervention design, as well as administrative, regulation and policy issues that influence the implementation of the program or intervention. Phase five is all about implantation. This step involves doing just that setting up and implementing the interventions that have been planned for. Step six is for process evaluation. This phase is about the procedure but not results. Impact Evaluation is for stage 7. One begins by evaluating the initial success of the efforts. Step 8 is for Outcome Evaluation. The interventions must be working to bring about the outcomes the community identified in step 1.Proceed health promotion planning model has four assumptions. In this model, it’s assumed that health and other issues are essentially quality-of-life issues. It that health and other issues must be looked at in the context of the community. Health is also a constellation of factors that add up to a healthy life for individuals and communities. It that behaviour change is by and large voluntary, health promotion, is more likely to be effective if it’s participatory (Green and Kreuter2005). Health belief model is also a promotion program planning model. This model is developed to explain and predict health-related behaviours since it is a psychological health behaviour change model. This model was developed in 1950s by social psychologists in the U.S Public Health Service. This model has a proposal of constructs to vary between individuals and predict engagement in health-related behaviours. Perceived Susceptibility is an own assessment of risk of developing a health problem. The model predicts that individuals who perceive that they are susceptible to a particular health problem may engage in behaviours that reduce their risk of developing the health problem. Perceived benefits are also among the theoretical contrasts. Health related behaviours are influential by the perceived benefits of taking action. Perceived benefits refer to an individual’s assessment of the value or efficacy (Creswell, and Clark2007). Planning model was used to create the intervention in different ways. Before planning intervention, one needs an accurate description of the problem. This description help in identifying the person affected most by the problem and where the problem occurs most frequently so one can better target an intervention. Opinions from the community members also help in identifying the problem. To find out the problem, a survey of community leaders, school personnel, health workers, parents, and residents, in general, is carried out. The data obtained from statistical reports, and opinion surveys are well analyzed and interpreted before used. This intervention has changed health-related behaviours by targeting various aspects of the model’s key constructs. Basing on the response of health belief model, it may aim to increase perceived susceptibility to and recognized the seriousness of a health condition by providing education about prevalence and incidences of diseases. Proceed model has the usefulness of providing a logic model that can serve as the basis for an individual. It’s also adaptable to other communities as well. It’s meant to be a guide, not a prescription as with many models. It’s also a logic model and as a result it provides structures within which to plan the work. It’s a participatory model since it involves the community at large. It, therefore, brings more and better ideas about issues and resolving them (Bartholomew and Fernandez, 2011). Proceed and Health belief models have weaknesses too. The health belief model tries to predict health-related behaviours through accounting for individual differences in beliefs and attitudes. Individuals also tend to engage in some health-related behaviour for reasons unrelated to health. The best strategy for determining how to select the most appropriate health promotion planning model is via problem description. Before planning for an intervention, one must first design an intervention that gives an accurate description of the problem? This description helps to identify those affected by the problem and where the problem occurs most frequently. The second stage or step is selecting intended participant group. This is the group of people the intervention is designed to influence. This group may be general or specific. After selecting the proposed group, the setting is selected. This is where the activities will occur for an intervention. The setting selected must be convenient and comfortable for both participants. Setting of goals and objectives then follows. The goal of the intervention must be. Particular things that must be done to achieve the set goals must also be. After the goals have been set, selection of an appropriate intervention then follows. Start by reviewing the characteristics of the community and those of intended participants. Allocation of resources for the intervention then follows. Funding and other necessary material resources must be in the same. Commitment of time, effort, and support from the members of the community is also vital. The step that follows involves the community. Planning the intervention is beneficial. Community members develop a sense of ownership when they are asked to help, plan and implement the intervention. After this step, one develops activities and material. It’s time to develop the activities and materials that the intervention will comprise. Staffing of the intervention follows. Staffs are needed to implement the established intervention. Training of staff is also important. Whatever the content of the response or the selected staff, everyone involved must receive training. Then the implementation of the intervention follows. Applications vary at this stage. Then monitor the response. Following the implementation process is essential. Evaluation of the response is the last step. Monitoring progress of the intervention is important. This ensures that one is on track and schedule (Bartholomew, and Fernandez, 2011). Health Education and Promotion Model may be indicated as follows Source: Reference Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., Kok, G., Gottlieb, N. H., & Fernandez, M. E. (2011). Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley & Sons. Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (1999). Health promotion planning: An educational and ecological approach. Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (2005). Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach (pp. 227-253). New York: McGraw-Hill. McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackera, R. (2009). Planning, Implementing, And Evaluating Health Promotion Programs: A Primer Author: James F. McKenzie, Brad L. Read More