Historical and Political Science - Essay Example

Historical and political Science Introduction In the ancient times, empires relied heavily on aspects like political, social, economic and technological aspects. These communities designed this aspect to foresee and enhance the future of the community. For instance, political aspects governed the community in the sense that it offered administrational faults that may befall the community, provided a well strategic plan to enhance victory in times of siege by other communities or battles. Besides, social aspects outline the family structure, role of each person, marriage type and all the social aspects of the community. In line with this, economic factors outline the economic determinants of the community thus; it defines what the communities entail in order to successfully conquer economic hurdles that the community may face. Moreover, technological aspects outline the intellect that the community influences towards production of merchandise, weapons for protection and many others. The Han Dynasty and the Ancient Rome depict the above-mentioned facts. The two communities show the above aspects and successfully interpret these aspects to ensure the triumph in the end. Owing to the sheer nature of the above justifications, this literature seeks to outline the political, social aspects regarding to marriage and the technological development. This is in relation to the Han Dynasty and the Ancient Rome and therefore, compares the two communities in order to define their relevance. The historic background Han Dynasty After the end of the civil hostilities that followed with the death of Qin Shihuangdi in 210 B.C. The end of the civic war reunited China underneath the decree of the Han dynasty. As a result, it separated into two key periods: the Former or Western Han amid the 206 B.C.–9 A.D era and the Eastern or Later or Eastern Han in periods of 25–220 A.D. The Qin established the boundaries and Han maintained the boundaries. Consequently the above structure presently defines supplementary or less the state of China. Moreover, the Former Han city, Chang'an lies in contemporary day Shaanxi Province. Besides, a monumental metropolitan center placed out on a north-south federation with palaces, two busy market capacities and suburban wards depicted one of the twofold prevalent cities in the antique world (Yao, 57). Ancient Rome Contrary, Ancient Rome depicted an Italic mode of civilization that arose on the Italian Peninsula as timely period of the 8th century B.C. It lies alongside the Mediterranean Sea and positioned on the capital of Rome. Moreover, it stretched to appear to be one of the leading kingdoms in the primordial world with a projected population of 50 to 90 million (approximately 20% of the population of the world), and it lies on a 6.5 million square kilometers ground for the period of its height amid the leading and succeeding centuries AD. Besides, the city of Rome developed from settlements nearby a passage on the river Tiber, an intersection of trade and traffic activities. Conferring to archaeological substantiation, the city of Rome perhaps came around the period of the 8th century BC. However, it may date back to the 10th century BC, by adherents of the Italy tribe of the Latin, which occupied the uppermost of the Palatine Hill. The Etruscans, who had formerly occupied the north part of Etruria, organized a political mechanism in the above province before the 7th century BC. Thus, establishing the monarchical and aristocratic elite. The Etruscans seemingly lost authority in the region before the 6th century BC. At this juncture, the Sabine the original Latin tribes restructured their regime by forming a republic, that had greater limitations on the capability of head of state to exercise authority (Burgan, 121) Political organization The Han Dynasty portrayed a centralized structure of the government. The Han Empire comprised of two regions unswervingly controlled by the government. The two areas included the commentaries, and some semi-independent empires. Consequently, the aforementioned kingdoms systematically lost all relics of their individuality and independence, particularly subsequent of the Rebellion of the Seven Federations. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe league, conquered the Han in 200 BC and mandatory the Han to succumb as a de facto state substandard partner. However, they went on with their incursions on the Han boundaries. Consequently, Head of state Wu of Han (141–87 BC) propelled numerous military operations in contrast to them. The decisive Han victory in these confrontations in the end forced the Xiongnu to agree to take vassal eminence as Han tributaries. These battles lengthened the Han dominion towards the Tarim Basin of Central Asia. Thus, it alienated the Xiongnu into binary distinct confederacies, and it facilitated the formation of the massive trade network identified as the Silk Road, which covered to the extent of the Mediterranean domain. The confederation of the nomadic Xianbei hastily overruns the territories that lied on the north of Han's borders. Further, Emperor Wu also propelled fruitful military excursions to the south, commandeering Dian in 109 BC and Nanyue in 111 BC. Moreover, the Xuantu and Lelang established Commanderies in fragments of the Korean Peninsula in 108 BC. On the other hand, the Ancient Rome kingdom portrayed a kingship structure. The kings governed the kingdom. In addition, the kingdom had envoys like; magistrates, judges, and tax collectors. Besides, the kingdom elected the Ten “Tribunes of the People to take care of the deprived of Rome. The emissaries may perhaps not be projected to recognize everything. They obtained advice from the Senate. The senate comprised of rich and noble citizens from Rome. During discussions, the senate would deliberate issues like projected new laws, financial concerns distressing Rome. The senate comprised of 600 men. Usually, they came from rich and honorable kinfolks. Thus, what they alleged went far afield to influence the Roman decree. However, as soon as the Roman Empire growth started taking place, and thus, Rome became additional a commanding capital, the topmost position in the government progressively more attractive to many rulers. Consequently, progressively ambitious rulers got intricate to control the government. These rulers assumed that Rome would be better when served by a solitary man governing the empire, as contrasting to a group of designated officials. These solitary rulers were the emperors. For instance, Julius Caesar desired to rule the whole of Rome and its empire. Consequently, this led to the collapse of the system of government that the Ancient Rome used for countless years. Subsequently, Brutus executed Caesar who desired to safeguard the old way. This murder cause a delinquent as Caesar’s cohorts a caused a civil war to attempt to coerce their aspirations towards Rome. They war lost the war. However, it was costly. Enervation made the Romans support Caesar’s nephew known as Augustus. To many he appeared the obvious choice to culminate the pandemonium that faced Rome. Augustus was a resilient ruler and thus he befitted to be the emperor in 27 BC, consequently, bringing to a conclusion the democracy of Rome. Marriage System The Han-era family exalted a four to five types of the nuclear family adherents that lived in a single household. However, multiple cohorts of protracted family members did not stay in the same household, contrasting families of advanced dynasties. Conferring to Confucian household customs, different family affiliates received diverse levels of veneration and intimacy. Organized matrimonies were the custom, as the father's involvement on his offspring's next of kin being well thought out as more fundamental than that of the mother. Monogamous matrimonies were also custom, though aristocrats and respected officials were prosperous enough to meet the expenses and keep the concubines as supplementary lovers. Besides, the role of the women was to obey their husbands and fathers will. In addition, the women were immune to hard labor. In addition, the kingdom practiced structural engineering and hydraulic and mechanical engineering. Disagreeing, in the ancient Rome, marriage took place because due to political reasons. For instance, to cement a good relationship amid conflicting societies; men married after had fully established. On the other hand, women married after the termination puberty. Besides, women bore children to preserve the future of the community. Husbands paid dowry as cover contrary to divorce to put up with the women in their new setting. The married couples wore wedding rings to signify the vows they made. In line with the above justification, the kingdom celebrated marriage ceremonies. Technological development The Han Dynasty embraced a unique development in technology. For instance, use of writing materials from bones of animals, rolled scrolls and clay tablets. This aided in influencing knowledge and overseeing management issues. Besides, the Han Dynasty practiced agriculture and Metallurgy. They planted crops and kept animals for food, medicinal value and clothing. On the other hand, they used iron and bronze to manufacture weaponry, domestic wares and culinary tools. Besides, they invented a three-legged seed drill from iron. This enabled the farmers to produce enough food for the kingdom. Additionally, Ancient Rome practiced unique technology. It used numerous advancements. A significant example is that of Military engineering, architecture and Roman Civil Engineering. All the three technological advancements played a pivotal role towards prosperity of the Ancient Rome. The Roman civil Engineering revolutionized enormous intellect towards construction of roads, bridges and buildings. Architecture caused constructions of beautiful and impressive structures. Consequently, military engineering facilitated successful battles. Based on the discussions above, it is evident that social, political and technological factors play a pivotal role. For instance, the political structures of the two kingdoms depict different systems that faced numerous hurdles in order to achieve peace and tranquility in their kingdoms. However, political structure of the two kingdoms helped them to achieve a significant and coherent uniformity amongst the two communities. Consequently, this promotes peaceful coexistence. Besides, a comparison of the marriage structures of the two kingdoms identifies man as the head and thus should be accorded respect. However, in the Ancient Rome, marriage serves a different purpose as opposed to the main purpose of procreation. In the end, the two kingdoms safeguard the future of the community by ensuring there is a succeeding generation. Furthermore, the two communities undertake massive technological advancements. The above fact foresees prosperous kingdoms as technology influences massive production of food, weaponry and enhancing infrastructure. Thus, the two kingdoms depict an overwhelming economy and military among others. Conclusion Evidently, factors like politics, technology and economics greatly influence prosperity of a kingdom, state or country in general. Thus, the world should develop strategic and viable factors that would foresee prosperity in the end Works Cited Burgan, Michael. Empire of Ancient Rome. New York: Infobase Pub, 2004. Internet resource. Yao, Xinzhong. An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge [u.a.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005. Print. Read More