How Industrialization is Evaluated in Relation to the Industrial Worker - Assignment Example

How Industrialization is Evaluated in Relation to the Industrial Worker Industrialization carried with it broad social and economic changes that were quickly felt by those involved. The major changes included the working conditions of the works in the factories. It is such reason that the British Parliament in 1830s and 1840s enacted the factory Act of 1833. There are excerpts that can describe the thought that can evaluate industrialization in the hand of the middleclass liberals, industrial workers and women in this theme. There is the summary by the commission of medical examiners from northeastern London, the testimony of john wright, a steward in a silk factory and the testimony of William Harter, a silk manufacturer. From the testimony medical examiners the middle class arguments can be based on the number of hours that are worked. There can be also an argument based on child labor. In this testimony it is revealed that adults are expected to do a certain quantity of labor which scarcely any human being is able to endure. In a debate on how industrialization would be evaluated in relation to the industrial worker would be matters such as overtime, number of working hours, the emissions of the factory that produce unwholesome smell. This would be more concerned with their health. This can be based on the testimony of John Wright. Elizabeth Poole Sanford the middle class women were also affected by industrialization. The wealth and position of this women rose in a changing economic environment. An excerpt from Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character (1842), written by Mrs. John Sanford can draw arguments on how industrialization should be evaluated from a woman’s perspective. The excerpt considers the woman’s ideal function in relation to her husband. The debate in this case can revolve around the superstition that men have towards women and work, the role of a husband in relation to his wife. With industrialization and women trying to work would mean that she would become independent which was not the case before industrialization. In the excerpt “a really sensible woman feels her dependence, she does what she can; but she is conscious of inferiority and therefore grateful for support…”The debate would therefore be narrowed down to the power of woman in the arena of industrialization. Ch. 23, Q.2 Conservatism and liberalism was characterized by the many political developments that occurred during the period when there was numerous eruption of revolution in Europe. Romanticism was the most important of these reflecting in different ways, both conservatism and liberalism. Romanticism rejected the formalism of the previously dominant classical style and it didn’t limit itself to the enlightenment rationalism or the stark realism of everyday life, and emphasized emotion and freedom. Some ways of the romanticism might be appealing to conservatives. Metternich reflects the experience of the revolutionary and Napoleonic periods; there are policies that logically flew the attitudes. The conservatives believed on civilization, romanticism with no doubt was going to bring about civilization. Quoting from the excerpt Metternich says “having now thrown a rapid glance over the first causes of the present state of society, it is necessary to point out in a more particular manner the evil which threatens to deprive it, at one blow, of the real blessings, the fruits of genuine civilization” it such thoughts that the conservatives held that they could view and find romanticism very appealing. Another reason that the conservatives would find it appealing to romanticism is the fact that conservatives believed that aspects such as religion, morality, legislation, economy, politics, and administration should be assessable to everyone and this is what also what romanticism advocates for. Romanticism just like the conservatives does not advocate that man should be deprived his or her quest to acquire knowledge. Liberals usually believed in progress and were optimistic about their own times and the future. The economists are so enthusiastic about progress. The liberals were economist and thus they believed and focused of progress. When the economy grows that is progress. The n it can be said that such factor became appealing to the liberals which was form of romanticism. According to the economist “…in many of the particulars we have enumerated, it has witnessed a more rapid and astonishing progress than all the centuries which have proceeded” this shows that it is so important for the liberals to find the doctrines of romanticisms so appealing. Ch. 26, Q.3 By 1918 various governments had fallen and that prompted the United States to join the conflict. The president of the United States of America by then, president Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924), presented the so called fourteen points that were meant to describe the aim and proposal for a peace settlement. This point served as the basis of the debate that was been held at the Paris peace conference in 1919. The peace conference in 1919 would therefore represent the most idealistic statement of what might be gained in a final peace settlement. The united stated entered the war because of violation of rights that had occurred. They felt that the life of their people had being made impossible and it should be corrected and the world secured once for all against their recurrence. Woodrow felt that he world peace was their responsibility and if it had to be achieved a number of ways had to be followed. These are what he referred to as the fourteen points. Though the points that were to be discussed in Paris were to be followed they could not be solely relied upon for the sake bringing peace to the world war. One of such reason that Woodrow gave was that there should be open covenants of peace that were going to be arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understanding of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. This was just idealistic as diplomacy can’t always prevail in the view of public. Also open covenants are very difficult to hold. It is for such reason that the fourteen points that Woodrow issued had a benefiting factor to one party and oppressive to another party. The provisional government that had been put in place after the Russian revolution fell in another revolution in November. It was under the leadership of Lenin and Leon Trotsky (1877-1940). It was quickly take by Bolsheviks who were so much organized. On November 8, 1917, Lenin made a speech to a meeting of the Petrograd soviet. In his speech he expressed that the significance of the revolution was that they had a soviet government put in place. He also stated that the third revolution that will occur in the history of Russia was the victory of socialism in Russia. He said that their immediate task was to put an end to the war and the only way that was going to happen was by overthrowing capitalism first. This can be associated with the reason as to why the settlement of peace to be difficult as overthrowing capitalism or completely doing away with it is not realistic at all. In his speech he also said that “a just and immediate offer of peace by us to the international democracy will find everywhere a warm response among the international proletariat, it is necessary to publish at once all secret treaties.” Russians could be radicalized by such utterances to deter the prosperity of peace settlement during this time of world war. Ch. 28, Q.2 The first European power to turn to fascism was Italy. Italy was faced with so many problems after the World War I, it was Benito Mussolini (1883-1945), a former leader of the socialist party and a veteran of the war organized the Italian Fascist party in 1919. This party strongly stood against the Versailles treaty, left wing radicalism, and the established government. The political and social doctrine of fascism is an article signed by Mussolini and written with the philosopher Giovanni gentile that originally appeared in the encyclopedia Italian in 1932. The doctrine describes the ideological foundations of Italian fascism. The excerpts describe fascism as one that does not support the possibility or the utility of peace. It states that “war alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the people who have the courage to meet it…” fascism from this doctrines is said to accept life and loves it, he says that it should be lived for oneself, but above all for others. This reason is a source of justification that should not be distinguished from communism. It is also important to note that the governments that were in place during the times of 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s could shy away from totalitarianism. This can be rationalized by the example of Italy which was facing difficult time such as economic struggle had to imply totalitarianism. The most extreme and racist form of fascism arose in German under the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). In some excerpts selected by Mein Kampf, Hitler displays his anti-Semitism, argues that a radical analysis is central to an understanding of history, and indicates his vision of German expansion eastward at the expense of Russia. Hitler was so much against the Jews and this case the government in his time could not evade the application of using totalitarianism if it was to conquer the Jews. Thus it can be said with strong affirmation that totalitarianism leads to violence and war. This is evident by taking the consideration of Hitler against the Jews. In this regard fascism can’t be distinguished from socialism as the unifying factor of socialism has to be applied to enhance the fascism. Hitler used communism to radicalize the Germans against the Jews. This is well illustrated by the Mein Kampf “…so he tries systematically to lower the racial level by a continuous poisoning of individuals. And in politics he begins to replace the idea of the proletariat. In the organized mass of Marxism he has found the weapon which lets him dispense with democracy…” Work cited Benito Mussolini, The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism, International Conciliation, No. 306, 1935, pp.7-17. Bernard, Wasserstein. Barbarism and Civilization, Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 203-204. Disraeli, Benjamin. Sybil, or Two Nations: New York: M. Walter Dunne, 1904, pp, 198-220. Engels, Friedrich. The Conditions of the Working Class in England, Trans. and ed. By W. O Henderson and W.H. Chaloner. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1968, pp, 110- 111. Frank A. Golder, ed. Documents of Russian history, Emanuel ARonsberg, trans. Reprinted By permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1917, pp.618-619. Sanford, Elizabeth Poole. Woman in her Social and Domestic Character. Boston: Otis, Broaders and Co., 1842, pp5-7, 15-16. Smiles, Samuel. Self-Help. Chicago: Belford, Clarke, 1881, pp, 21-23, 48-49. Woodrow, Wilson. Fourteen points, Congressional Records, Vol. LVI, part I, Washington, D.C: U.S Government Printing Office, 1918, pp. 680-681. Read More