Positive and Negative Effects of Industrialization as Well as Globalization - Essay Example

Industrialization and globalization Industrialization is the procedure by which an ecosystem transforms from a basic agricultural society in to fully manufacturing one of goods and services. During the industrial revolution, machines and technology replaced manual human labour leading to mass production. Industrialization occurred from the 18th century to 19th century where there was massive transformation on production processes. The most pronounced characteristics of industrialization are technology and innovations to beat superstitions and believe as well as environmental challenges like weather and calamities. Division of labour is a key element in industrialization as it is essential to economic growth. On the other hand, globalization refers to the international integration resulting from interchange of world opinions, ideas, products, and general aspects of culture and religion1. Specifically, developments in telecommunication and infrastructure, use of the internet are the core drivers of globalization. This paper will focus on both positive and negative effects of industrialization as well as globalization. It will seek to establish the level of similar effects at the two different phases. By 1750 industrialization introduced mass production as several products could be manufactured as a go. This is because machinery replaced human labour and machinery could not get tired as human nature2. Therefore, machines could work longer hours as well as executing work that were initially done by several workers. Within 20th century, the emergency of globalization, production was made mare effective and faster processes as high advanced machines could be automated and function without human interference. Globalization enables production of as particular product in a different location with same qualities. This is because processes are duplicable and franchises are common. Both industrialization and globalization provided education and civilization to people. Before 1750, people were illiterate and primitive as they did not know the importance of education, schools were a rear commodity, and there were no resource centers to educate people on the importance of knowledge. With the rise of industrialization, people were getting aware of education, schools were set up, and children sent to school. Though learning institutions were available, children preferred going to work at the farms than going to school. During 20th and 21 centuruy, schools were available to every individual willing to advance knowledge; schools introduced exchange programs as international students would go on exchange academic programs within different country or even continent3. In addition, people are willing to learn as it is general knowledge that only the well-educated people scoop top jobs. Concisely, people associate education with a successful career contrary to industrialization. Both industrialization and globalization have a negative impact on the environment. They emit pollutants to water, air, soil, and atmosphere in general. Industrialization exposed people to a lot of noise from machineries, as most of the machines were crude and produced a lot of noise. This resulted to either permanent or partial hearing impairment to workers. By 1800, Mining was a substantial business whereby miners left open trenches after the mining process. This was dangerous to children and even adults as could cause accidents and deaths. Chemicals used in farms polluted soil and were mainly disposed to rivers. This act endangered the life of fish and other aquatic animals as well as human being because water treatment was rare and rivers were the only source of water. The machinery used during industrialization was crude and could produce a lot of smoke hence polluting the air as coal was the main source of energy. On the other hand, globalization had same pollution challenges although less damaging than during industrialization because machineries were more developed hence could emit small smoke, water treatment before use as well as neutralization of farm chemicals before directing them to rivers. The government placed rules to govern water transportation as well as mining practices whereby trenches have to be refilled after completing the process4. During the 21st century, globalization influences business process outsourcing to cut cost. Most developed countries have ventured in this a practice whereby, they get the secondary business practices or function from another firm especially from developing countries. They pay a small wage rate to the contracted firm therefore making it more profitable to the client firm. On the other hand, outsourcing has been objected by developed countries by claims that job opportunities are exported to third world or developing countries leaving the country citizens jobless. Centrally, during industrialization, people were not aware of such business processes and firms were handling all their work within the company premises. Both industrialization and globalization have positive and negative impacts on urban towns. Industrialization influenced the establishment and growth of urban towns as the population was increasing at an alarming rate, people build up houses and small shops next to firms and with time, these towns were overpopulated. This resulted to social evils because murder, prostitution, rape, and theft were prevalent. Since the small number of good houses could not accommodate every person in the towns, shanties and slums emerged leading to poor living conditions. Such poor hygiene leads to spread of communicable diseases and other health hazards. These conditions were also, present during globalization era5. Conclusion During both transformation eras, have positive and negative impacts on farming practice as irrigation and land reclamation was important. Infertile and arid land was turned into a productive one; technology was embraced hence increasing productivity and short processes. Transportation and infrastructure were improved to ease transportation of resources, goods, and services to the desired destination. The importance of education became relevant as only knowledge could deal with machines to solve problems and produce massively. Governance and management required educated people who could lead others and settle disputes. Although all these elements sound positive, other negative effects came along just like the saying that each coin has two sides. Bibliography  Norton, Mary B et al. A People & A Nation: A History of the United States: Since 1865, (New York: Cengage Learning. 2011), Read More