Electrical Power Generation System - Assignment Example

Electrical Power Generation System s Submitted by s: Electrical Power Generation System The electrical power generation in UK is quite complex. There is many systems required or used in setting up this power generation system in order to meet the demands of the nation. The paper will discuss the system used in the generation of this electricity in detail from the power source to the end use as the customer. The National Grid is the source of high-voltage of electricity power transmission in Britain, which links power stations and other key substations and make sure the generation of electricity is possible in England, like Scotland and Wales in the quest to meet up the demand in the country. There are interconnections undersea through to the Republic of Ireland (EirGrid), Isle of Man (Isle of Man to England Interconnector), Northern Ireland (HVDC Moyle), the Netherlands (BritNed), and northern France (HVDC Cross-Channel). The paper will start with the different types of grid interfaces, protection issues and short circuit change levels. Then the paper will discuss the electrical power design of the components involved in generation of the electricity. Various types of grid interfaces In most cases, the low scale generators are indirectly connected to the grid. The characteristics of operation and the technology of generation need the incorporation of some interfaces in between the grid of distribution and the generator. For instance, photovoltaic panel of solar produce direct current electricity and thus, converter based on the power electronics is needed in between the generator and the grid. In technologies like induction generator using wind or hydro, this generator is directly connected to the Alternating Current grid. Protection issues In the interconnection of the distributed generation, protection is essential. Distribution network is configured in the radial form. In this radial form, the network has over current schemes of time graded protection. The connection of the Distribution Grid may change the present schemes of protection coordination. In case, this is ignored, the protection system may fail to work. The major issues with relation to the Distribution Grid interconnection are as follows: Short circuit change levels This is the major measure useful in coordinating between over current relays and the selection of current transformers, fuses, reclosers, circuit breaker. The characteristic of short circuit is the equivalence system impendence at the points of and in this way, shows the fault current level that is expected. The variation in the time of this faulty current is affected by the rotating machinery characteristics (Cete, 2010). The majority of Distribution Systems are at first made without the Distribution Grid. Contrary, having connected the Distribution Grid, the network impendence equivalence can reduce, leading to rise in the level of fault. Therefore, in presence of fault, fault currents can be quite high. This might be exceeding the existing circuit breakers interrupting capacity. These elevated levels of the fault currents may lead to the saturation of the CT. In the same way, the fault levels change levels might interrupt the coordinating between the relays of high current resulting to lack of satisfactory function of the protection systems. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Cutting the PVC for the turbine blades since the blades with the subject will be subject to high level and significant stress it’s important and necessary to use Schuler80 PVC. A jig saw with a medium fire blade should be used to cut the PVC pipes into pipes into blades. A single generator needs only 3 blades. 313/16 21/2 24 41/8 11/8 Lay out the cutting line Cut and bleed from tube Trim notch on each blade Shaping the blades To obtain the best results the needs to be sand into airfoil shapes as shown below. Blade shape Front Leading edge Back Hub Trailing back Trailing edge Leading edge Leading edge These shapes will significantly raise the efficiency of the blades. The angled (leading) edge should be rounded and the straight. The trading edge needs to be pointed. The requests obtain from this shape natures is double as compared to the design without these shapes. Hence voltage output is expected to be more than double. Drill and attach the blades to fly wheel. For each blade k two holes along the leading edge of the blade, opposite the notch. The holes should be both3/8 from the edge such that the first hole is 0.5” from the end as indicate below. Drawing 1.25 The 0.5” bit drill can be used to drill those holes in all the 3 blades. Now detach the hub from monitor shaft. This can be achieved by firmly holding the end of the shaft with pliers and turning the hub clockwise. Whereby, the hub will be unscreened clockwise; opposite to the usual direction. By using a compass and protractor, make a template of the hub on a piece of paper. Then mark 3 holes each 23/8” from the centre of hub, 120 apart. drawing 1200 1200 1200 Place this template over the hub and you can use a metal punch to a starter hole through the paper and onto the hub. Drill the holes with the 7/32” drill bit then tap them with a ¼” tap. Attach the blades to the hub with a bolt through the second hole from the end of the end of the blade. Measure the distance between the tips of each blade and adjust them so that they are equal to the distant as this will act to optimize efficiency. Then, Meet and punch starter holes for the three inner holes on the hub through the empty holes in each blade. Remove the blades and drill and tap the three inner holes on the hub. Now with all the 6 holes drilled and tapped configure each figure each blade on the hub, using 0.5” bolts and washers bolt the blades back into the hub drawing Assemble the support frame Firstly build the tail by using snips to cut the tail pattern from a large piece of sheet metal. Using file smooth sharp edges or corners. Hence the dimensions are not critical. 12.14 4 8.5 8 8.5 4 4 5.5 Attach the tail to the mental channel using three 0.25 sheet metal. Attach the pipe flange to the metal channel using two sets of 0.25” belts, nuts and washer. Next assemble the stand for the wind generator. First of all screw the 1.5” pipe union to the pipe into the other end of the union. Leave the union a little bits base so that the top pipe section can turn freely. Finally screw the frame and pipe flange assembling onto the 6 “pipe tighten secures Mouth the generator using hose climps; mount the motor or the end of the channel opposite the tail. Drill a 9/64” pilot hole in the channel near the end of the motor screw the rectifier to the channel using a sheet metal screw. Reattach the blade assembly to the motor by spinning the assembly onto the threaded shaft. Testing the generator This can be done by mounting the generator on to the bed of a pickup truck and drilling it at steady speed down a deserted and straight stretch of road.Voltimeter connected to bridge redifier will register readings. Conclusion In conclusion the paper has discussed the power generation of electricity in UK where the essential components in the system of this power generation, design of the turbine blades has been discussed to create a clear picture of this power generation system. Reference Air-x Owner’s Manuel PDF Version, 2008. Online< http://www.windenergy.com> [Accessed on 15th December 15, 2013] Alan Shaw (29 September 2005). "Kelvin to Weir, and on to GB SYS 2005" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. Cetin, E., 2010. Design, application and analysis of a direct-current distribution grid for a photovoltaic-wind-fuel cell hybrid energy system. Ph. D. Thesis, Ege University Solar Energy Institute. 183 p. Colorado, 2010. Online< http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen2060/matlab.html> [accesed on15th December 15, 2013] Gerard Gilbert (22 October 2010). "Power struggle: The National Grid was created to provide energy for all - but thats when the problems really began". The Independent . Read More