Journalism, Mass Media and Communication - Assignment Example

1. For example, students can be unwilling to participate if classroom conditions are poor or teaching methods are ineffective.
2. Personality dimension will be measured using a degree of participation and knowledge of the need to share with others. The learning environment dimension will be measured using knowledge of the impact of classroom and school conditions on participation, as well as the extent to which students, parents or teachers will go to protect this dimension.
3. Operationalization of participation is a vital issue in social science because it touches on the content validity of research frameworks and the accuracy of all variables. Lack of conceptual agreement makes participation an ambiguous idea in research, and this ambiguity complicates the direction of evidence-based research in enhancing participation.

Question 2

For this study, a quantitative survey design was selected to help achieve the objectives of the study. The conditions for this research include the use of simple random sampling. The simple random sample will be used to test the hypothesis by focusing on a specific number of people (n). The sample will also have to consist of a specific number of people (n). The final condition is that all possible samples of (n) objects share the same probability scale. The importance of these conditions is that they provide a consistent basis on which to conduct the research. Simple random sampling will allow me to employ statistical techniques to analyze sample results and test the hypotheses to the maximum. For example, given a random sample, I can use statistical methods to determine a confidence interval in the sample mean and use it to test the hypotheses. Ethical considerations involved maintaining the confidentiality of feedback obtained. Additionally, prior consent was obtained from all the respondents to conduct the research; all respondents were informed about the research and what it would involve. Potential threats to control bias are interviewing respondents who have had known good and bad experiences with flu shots. This will most likely generate bias. In addition, employees of the organization that sponsors the research will not participate in the study to limit bias and conflict of interest.

Question 3

1. Respondents can exaggerate the number of times they visit Facebook to read status updates depending on how close they are to certain people. For example, depending on how close a respondent is to a member of his family or a particular friend, he may magnify the frequency to look “good.”
2. This question may generate systematic bias depending on political affiliations like party ideologies and preferences.
3. A member of the armed forces, a military official, or a person who is close to a member of the armed forces is likely to submit a biased response to this question.

Question 4

1. Party affiliation and political views are introduced into the survey. These will generate bias in terms of how respondents answer questions. Responses may be exaggerated or controlled to identify with certain parties.
2. We can modify the question to make it as unbiased as possible; remove all content alluding to affiliations and influences.

Question 5

1. General knowledge and the ability to analyze and understand situations are important metrics in measuring the total number of years in education.
2. General knowledge and the ability to analyze and understand situations are important metrics in measuring the total number of years in education.
3. People may have general knowledge but they are not highly educated, and vice-versa. However, this measurement strategy is very consistent. The ability to analyze and understand situations is relative, so this strategy is flawed. However, this weakness can be turned into an advantage by measuring this ability. The ability to analyze and understand situations is the most appropriate.

Question 6

1. I will develop sampling tools like questionnaires that will guide me in collecting data. Questionnaires will include all relevant information pertaining to the survey. I will also employ interviews in gathering responses from sample populations. Questionnaires will either be administered physically or sent to respondents (via mail or email) and then collected later once they have been filled. Interviews will be conducted physically or via social media platforms like Skype, Facebook, and Twitter. The objective will remain the same: to collect as much relevant data as possible.
2. Questionnaires are prone to manipulation by respondents, whereby they enter wrong information to suit their personal preferences or conditions. On the other hand, interviews are difficult to conduct because of time constraints. Both methods are affected by the availability of resources. Bias is a big threat to internal and external validity because it skews research to favor certain affiliations or preferences. Instrumentation, experimental mortality, and the John Henry effect are other threats to internal and external validity.