Criminal Justice - Assignment Example

Criminal Justice Q1: Islamic Law Islamic law is called sharia and forms the backbone of Islam. The law has its foundations on the Quran, which the Muslims believe is the holy book revealed to their prophet Muhammad. The same sharia is a section of Islamic religion called fiqh. The law relies on the existence of a number of principles, which include that of judgment, called Hukum. Such a case represents all the legal rulings that a judge or any other parties would make (Schmalleger 67). The ruling relies on the responses that a jurist makes to questions in the case, called fatwa, which is simply a legal opinion.

Another principle is that of unanimous consensus, which relates to the event that jurists come to terms with the rulings make public by a judge. For this case, they all consider the ruling as fair and one that bases on their constitution. Such a principle is called Ijima in the Arabic language and faces heated debate from contemporary scholars. Another principle is that of analogy, which means using reasoning and logic in relation to an established law, but in response to a new situation. An example of such is the fact that the law prohibits Muslims from drinking alcohol, which may apply to other forms of alcoholic drinks such as wine and whiskey.

The same law also applies urf, which means customs, for which the jurists attach value to the preservation of customs known to the majority of the people. The jurists will, therefore, make their rulings basing on methods that will exalt the traditions of the religion as well as the cultures of the people. The rulings made also depend on the principle of individual reasoning, which gives the judges a chance of making decisions out of their reasoning.Q2: International Criminal Justice Institutions The chapter discusses the international criminal court that has its headquarters in The Hague.

The court is a formulation of the Rome statute and deals with cases of crimes committed against humanity. The court is one of the few existent institutions that ensure that there is an observation of human rights by laying pressure on the leaders around the world to observe the respect for many. For instance, the court’s foundation was one of the efforts that the world made towards ending of the Second World War as well as the activities of mass killing of people. (Schmalleger 34). Q3: Criminal Activities and Technology The development of cybercrime is one of the advancements in technology that have made crime a modernized activity.

For instance, there are many types of such crimes, which range from fraud to terrorism and other types of criminal activities. These types of crime do not require the physical presence of the offenders, which frustrates the efforts of the justice systems from reaching them. Q4: The Use of Technology in Curbing Crime Criminal justice systems use modern electronic tracking and surveillance technologies to control the occurrence of crimes. The use of such technologies helps the police and other units related to criminal justice to watch over the occurrence of crimes.

Another approach is the use of target hardening of the crime-prone regions. Target hardening for this case involves the improvement of surveillance over the places susceptible to crime. Such measures could involve the use of camera technologies, alarm systems and other computer technologies in improving the security of places. Works CitedSchmalleger, Frank. Criminology today: An integrative introduction. Prentice Hall, 2011.