Terrorism - Research Paper Example

 Terrorism               Terrorism Question I believe that terrorism as a criminal activity that can be committed domesticallyhas changed policing. This is because law enforcement agents face the unpredictable condition of having to immediately deal with crisis situations, which are both crimes and war. This new pattern of crime has surpassed the previous clear boundary between law enforcement and national defense. Therefore, the notion of policing is changing to incorporate a wider range of risks than in previous times.

Terrorism has made numerous public law enforcement agents to go back into the community, for example, rather than responding to calls or riding on random patrol vehicles. A number of local enforcement agencies have started to adopt a strategy of neighborhood, outreach, prevention, and empowerment (Thacher, 2005). Also, law enforcers presume that an assault happening in a remote area could be part of a universal attempt with a domestic operation element. For example, the assault could be exploited by domestic extremists or advanced by domestic operators, such as radical students or clerics.

It has also made the procedure to safeguard significant information to unite with efforts to collaborate and cooperate with law enforcers domestically and overseas equally easy. Question 2 The figure of racial profiling victims by United States law enforcement agents has escalated in recent years. According to Amnesty International, racial profiling in America has risen in the past few years and is affecting one in nine Americans. This report was published on September 13th, 2004. Federal and state agencies, under the disguise of dealing with terrorism, have extended the use of this dangerous, discriminatory, and degrading practice.

Racial profiling is a routine that poses a significant risk to the foremost principles of the constitution. In addition, racial profiling inexplicably targets individuals of color for enforcement and investigation. This leads to estranging them from law enforcement, making law enforcement agencies to lose trust and credibility among the individuals they are employed to serve and protect, thus hampering community policing attempts. Racial profiling continues to be an egregious and widespread discrimination activity.

New forms of racial profiling have impacted the people of color, for example, South Asian, Arab, and Muslim communities (Weitzer & Tuch, 2006). Amnesty International also indicates that profiling has seen a tremendous rise since the September attacks and that approximately 32 million people have experienced it. Question 3 There are several laws and services that may be utilized by victims of racial profiling. One, the fourth amendment deals with unwarranted searches and seizures. Two, the fourteenth amendment, focuses on equal protection of the laws of the American constitution.

Three, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 contains a stipulation, 42, permitting the Department of Justice to bring civil actions for declaratory and equitable acts against any law enforcement agency taking part in unlawful practices or patterns. The Crime Control Act was passed to assist local and state administrations in enhancing and strengthening their justice systems by offering technical and financial help. Local and state administrations getting aid are proscribed from discriminating in activities of programs financed in part or whole by the federal government.

Four, a number of agencies have developed service announcements made up of plays highlighting conventional racial profiling happenings. Five, victims of racial profiling may also utilize hot line services to air their grievances. These laws and services provide an outline for the protection of victims from aimlessly being targeted by law enforcement agents (Reiner, 2007). Question 4 There are additional actions that may be adopted on behalf of racial profiling victims. First, individuals, groups, or organizations should develop an action plan and implement it step by step without creating a panic society.

In addition, the action plan should be conducted with utmost sensitivity. Second, law enforcement agents should gather information on the race of all individuals, for example, the drivers they stop and details of their reason to stop them. The collection of information is significant in recognizing the issue, and providing guidelines in an effort to avert racial profiling on the side of the victims (Herbert, 2006). Third, members of the public should become involved in activities that will help design the government and work on activities that will help deal with the issues faced by victims of racial profiling.

This will help in assisting individuals who encounter racial profiling situations. Finally, members of the population can air their concerns and views on the subject of racial profiling through different modes of demonstration. These may take the form of a letter to a news room or establishment and conclusion of a petition to government agencies. References Herbert, S. (2006). Citizens, cops and power: Recognizing the limits of community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Reiner, R. (2007).

The politics of the police (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Thacher, D. (2005). The Local Role in Homeland Security. Law & Society Review, 39(3), 635-675. Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2006). Race and policing in America: Conflict and reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.