Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The main issue of the paper is to depict the situation in Russian economy as at today. The conflict in Ukraine has caused serious economic consequences in not only Ukraine and Russia but it has impacted the frail recovery of the European economy. The essay explores the economic consequences of the Ukraine and Russia conflict to the economy of Russia.

The focus of this essay is on the analysis of the macroeconomic statistics in India, as an emerging market economy, from the year 2004 to 2013. Economic trends in Indian economy are assessed. India is deemed a fast and strongly growing emerging market that offers great opportunity for business entities, that are looking to operate in the country.

This essay primarily focuses on the analysis of the macroeconomic statistic in China, as an emerging economy, from the year 2004 to 2013. Recent economic trends in Chinese economy are evaluated. An emerging market economy can be defined as that market economy which is growing from a small economy towards the level of advanced world economies.

Globalisation in the market has led the countries to trade among others and has removed a lot of restrictions on business across the borders. Correspondingly, countries have started to think globally where they are bound to be affected by the state of other nations’ economy.

The key possessions are U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam and that of American Samoa. On the other hand, the key commonwealths of the United States are the Northern Mariana Islands as well as Puerto Rico. In the five major commonwealths and possessions, four of these are under a non-voting representative in the United States Congress.

According to the report the increase in GDP is attributed to the sustainable consumer spending. Consumption is boosted by the prevailing low interest rate regime coupled by rising house prices and bullish stock market prospects. As such, consumers exhibit a greater propensity to spend rather than save.

In understanding the international economy, there are wide reaching implications as well as influences that impact upon it in what is less than a perfect world. In the face of the interconnected nature of national and business interests, there are no international models guiding the complex web of activities overall.

According to the report GDP, known as national income, can be measured in one of three ways, by output, income and expenditure. This essay analyses the impact of declining housing prices on the national economy with the accent made on the aggregate demand. However firstly homage will be paid to the factors of AD.

The essay focuses on the identification of the macroeconomic variables, that influence activities of the National Express Group company and assessment of their effect on the working of the company. It also discusses the challenges faced by the company in its worldwide operations. The company should focus on reducing the cost from oil price rise.

Typically, economists and policy makers would expect the two variables to be inversely related but evidence from the real world point to the fact that real GDP growth and the unemployment rate may not be always inversely related.

According to the report the interdependence of economies is evident as we have seen in the case of current global economic crisis. Though the economic crisis has started in America initially it spread all over the world immediately because of the interdependence of global economy. Most of the economists are agreed upon the need for an integrated international economy.

The author states that direct financing in the region has been affected by the crisis, irrespective of whether it is by foreign banks with limited credit lines that have become more adamant towards lending. The effects even extend to the real estate markets, which has resulted to a lack of slowdown and liquidity in real estate development.

Perhaps, American IT Company Microsoft is the only company in the world, which enjoys absolute monopoly in the market. No other companies in the operating system market are strong enough to challenge the supremacies of Microsoft. It is widely believed that one of the major success factors of Microsoft is its divisional organizational structure.

The Bank of England can avoid a high inflation rate by tightly controlling its money supply. This particular monetary strategy can be used in creating short-term employment opportunities. Tightly controlling the money supply limits the amount of money that circulates in the country which is necessary for terms of increasing the purchasing power of money.

According to the report economic growth is typically measured in gross national product or the average income of the population, levels of employment and unemployment, increases in exports and imports, the increase in the number of businesses, the overall stability and wellness of the nation’s population. 

The very concept of cyclical economic development basically leads to the notion that development occurs through a cyclical process, while cyclical disturbances bring development. Consequently, cyclical fluctuations are no barrier to economic growth, and depressions are not necessarily indicators of capitalist failure or breakdown.

The paper gives detailed information about US economy and the effect of outsourcing. The writer suggests that globalization and the resulting process of outsourcing has been a hotly debated topic in the media, political and social circles for the past several years. It is typically viewed as a necessary and unavoidable key to future world economic development.

There are circumstances that explain why the economy has remained weak and strong. For instance, consumer spending has been weak because its growth has been slow. There is only 1% growth of disposable income, and out of this, only 0.5% is allotted for consumer spending, 3% is allotted for savings and the rest is for other expenses.

According to the report the background to enlargement is explained in the first section. The reasons for supporting this policy position are explained in the next section. The recommendations for the future course of action for the EC are given in the last section. The European Union started as a six nation economic community in 1958.

Many analysts stress that stock markets are necessary for economic growth and they are able to provide the developing countries with a boost to economic indicators. Today developing and emerging markets attract a lot of interest from investors. This paper tries to establish the degree to which stock markets are promoting long-term economic growth.

 The last three decades saw Asian economies over achieve from the perspective of Economic Growth, this was known as the “Asian Miracle”. Countries like Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia witnessed tremendous economic growth in the late 1980s, but all this came to an abrupt end due to the financial crisis in Asia which severely affected the Economies of these countries. 

According to Banerjee, Hanna, and Mullainathan, corruption generally means deviation from the ideal principles, or engaging in acts of moral or spiritual impurity. They further argue that corruption takes two major dimensions namely economic and political.

Challenges that are faced due to globalization are those that need to be addressed by civil society, the governments and other organizations that create the policies. One challenge that is much faced in globalization is the ensuring that the benefits that are obtained from globalization extend to all countries. This becomes a challenge as the happening will not be automatic and the implementation has been a problem.

Factory costs like labour, overhead, land, natural resources, capital and infrastructure are created. Special factors included skilled labour, capital and infrastructure. Nonkey factors like unskilled labour and raw materials are easy to obtain and do not generate a competitive advantage because they are easy to hire and fire.

The topic of central bank independence is current and highly significant thus the need to focus on it in academia. In any country, central banking is highly imperative because of the critical roles assigned to it including creation of money.

The objective of the study is to elaborate upon the scope of investment in the Libyan oil sector. In addition, the research is also aimed at evaluating how the economic sanctions and the subsequent economic reforms have influenced the productivity and performance of Oil Sector in Libya. This exercise will also elaborate upon the profitability of investment in the same.

Globalization can be described as the deepening, expanding and accelerating international interconnectedness through exchange of information, ideas, technologies, goods and services in different areas. The state participate in globalization processes both actively and inactively, with the aim of facilitating free flow of goods and services.

This essay mainly focuses on the provision of evaluation of the economy position of the country of Iceland and on the assessment of its macroeconomic policies and options. As the analysis shows, in 2006, the Icelandic economy was deemed strong and durable. The production sector was sturdy, the labor market was healthy, and inflation was low.

From the time of Marx up to now, a kind of class antagonism still exist between the rich and the poor, the employers and the employees, the brains and the brawns, the strong and the weak.

India has been promoting its exports through various measures like 1) cash subsidies on exports, 2) bank loans at cheap rate of interest, 3) facilities being provided by the government for importing machinery and raw material, 4) concessional freight, railways, and shipping charges and 5) income tax concessions (Jain, Trehan and Trehan, p. 299).

As such, neoliberal argumentations show that an open economy, as well as a global market where the forces of the market will make the rules, will “compel all States to converge towards a neoliberal political system which will involve significant cutbacks in States' market interventions as well as the renunciation of States' commitment to redistribution and equality”.   

Views on global economic development, by an Economics Nobel Prize awardee, Douglas North are stated in the paper. He reckoned that the structure that guides the way in which we operate is made up of formal rules, informal norms of behavior, and their enforcement characteristics. He averred, that governments can change quickly only the formal rules.

Neo-imperialism is not considered just a resurgent of imperialism but is considered as separate and distinct subject. As in the case of neo-imperialism, the political elements were a consequence of economic interest rather than the desire to perform expansion. Its greatest contributions have been in establishment of trade and commercial systems.

There is no doubt that his politics make an emphasis on the maximization of utility; it is just necessary to clarify a broader context of utility.  Therefore the relevance of further research is evident: a broader context of ‘utility’ consideration allows making an analysis of Obama’s proposals multi-sided and evident.

The long term objectives of an investor differ from person to person. Objective may constitute arrangement of income after retirement, purchasing of a house property, or any other goal. These days investors seek some sort of financial independence. That implies that investors require certain amount of income from investment portfolio in order to maintain a particular standard or status of life without caring about the future.

According to Economic Review, First Quarter 2001, “economic theory predicts that if a country experiences an investment boom as a result of increased productivity, while its trading partners do not, its current account deficit should widen.”

The East and South-East Asian countries from the Asia-Pacific region have recently had a excellent record of surging economic and financial performance. These countries include Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. The significant economic growth in this region outclassed the performance of any other region in the last decade.

Two major factors, that precondition the economic development of China’s auto industry are identified in the essay. These are institutional reforms and globalization of production. In 1980s China began reforms to shift economic decision making powers from government to local authorities. Another factor was sharing of production across the world.

Employment levels in a country show what percentages of people are gainfully employed from the population set which is eligible for employment. Essentially, the employment figures refer to the condition and the range of joblessness in an economic system. And a high level of employment often shows that an economy is undergoing a booming period.

This research paper could be treated as a case study where the impact of an exogenous shock would be assessed on the demand schedule of a developing nation. The Soccer World Cup, well-known a global event, might lead to an influx of tourists which could push up the demand schedule in the positive direction.

According to Executive order 11246, that was amended by FAR 52.222-26, if the contractor such as USCGC seahalk, the contractor is required to have a well documnted affirmative action plan (AAP) on all business establishment locations if the contract entails a value of $ 50,000 and above.

The methods used by China have produced growth via organizational as well as government structure, nevertheless, the successful application of this approach for other developing nations is unclear due to the varying degrees of society, government involvement, and the overall economy.

Cultural factors have a great impact on working class families, their opportunities, and promotion. Rubin gives an example that for a white worker it is easy to obtain a good job in contrast to Latino or Asian minority employees. She underlines that failing economy deepens cultural diversity and limits opportunities to earn for living.

It is well understood that there is a shift in production and distribution of the car manufacturing. In order to understand this shift, it will be required to delve into the various trade theories proposed time to time by economists.

Google was accused of competing unfairly by introducing applications that were only compatible with their products. Google was also accused of colluding with Internet Service Providers. Most providers were proving the search engine as the default application, something that was considered as favoritism. The accusations did not go well with some of the industry players who felt that Google was engaging in unfair competition.

Many economists agree that the IMF performs three major functions in the international monetary system. This functions include monitoring of the economic and financial developments of several countries, lending funds to several countries suffering problems of payment difficulties, promoting global monetary and exchange stability in the global economy.

The domain of the public sector are those parts of economic and administrative life that have reference to the the delivery of goods and services by and for the government, whether at a national, regional or local level. The private sector, on the other hand, comprises of organisations which do not have affiliations with the government.

Financial analyses are important to the public as well as the government entities themselves. Financial analyses’ are used by t for local governments and many of the people that make it up. This list includes “mayors, city secretaries, financial department heads and heads of other departments as well as City Council members.

The theory of cognitive development is based in the principle, that the social development of a person goes through a number of stages, and during each of them the person perceives the world according to the strict standards, developed by Piaget.

Economic dominance can be defined as those countries that have grown or developed in terms of output, industrialization, telecommunication, technology and infrastructure among others. It is argued in the paper that Chinese fast growing economy may overlap United States economy in the coming future and that China may become the dominant country.