Public Administration as a Profession - Essay Example

? Journals paper Table of Contents James H. Svara, “Macro-Ethics in the of the Pan-generalist American Society for Public Administration” 3 Donald C. Menzel, “Public Administration as a Profession” 4 James L. Perry, “Federalist No. 72: What happened to the Public Service idea” 5 Curtis Ventriss, “Democratic Citizenship and Public Ethics” 6 Alex Tuckness, “International Justice in Ethical Decision-Making” 7 Amanda M. Olejarski, “Public Good as Public Interest” 8 Conclusion 8 References 10 James H. Svara, “Macro-Ethics in the Code of the Pan-generalist American Society for Public Administration” The code development of ethics is important for the American Society for Public Administration. This journal is all about the use of code of ethics and its importance in American Society for Public Administration (ASPA). According to Terry and Svara, the ASPA is facing several challenges and problems. ASPA has a mission that covers broader scope and it is much more varied in its membership. ASPA is a unique pan-generalist organization. This professional association seeks to connect its academic and practitioner members across the governmental levels, functional specializations and sectors. Woodrow Wilson proposed an active role for the public administration in order to shape the policy decisions. He offered important guidance for the ethical standard. The standard of ASPA as the professional association was affected due to the lack of code of ethics. It can be identified from the journal that, the gap was reduced and closed in the year 1984. ASPA followed several significant strategies to close the gap. The organization adopted code of ethics in order to close the gap. The code was received and approved in the year 1994. This code provides optimistic moral authority. It indicates the importance of the principles which it embodies. Section A of the code identifies the public interest. Section B of this code entitled respect to the law and constitution. Section C covers personal integrity1. Section D identifies the mission of the organizations. Lastly, Section E covers professional excellence. Donald C. Menzel, “Public Administration as a Profession” This specific article explores the values of public service that helps to define the public administration as the professional field of practice and study. Public service values and ethics comprise the soul and body of public administration. These approaches have both positive and negative aspects. The negative aspect is that there is limited agreement on what the values are beyond general exhortations. It is identified from the journal that the American Public Administration of 1880s, when various important events occurred. Another important event occurred in the year 1887. Woodrow Wilson’s essay “The Study of administration” sketched the picture of the skills and characters of kind people. According to the journal, the conscience of civil servant was a particular inner spirit of the Wilsonian idealization of governance and government. The civil servant honor was vested in the ability of Wilsonian. It helps to execute carefully the superior authorities’ orders. Certainly the twentieth century brought new significant ways of looking at the governance and government, both internationally and nationally. It also brought a significant transformation in the occupations’ professionalization. It helped in the growth of professional societies. An empirical study of spirituality in the organization’s workplace claimed that spirituality always exists. It is the responsibility of the management of the organization to recognize the spirituality. It should be incorporated into the workplace culture of the organization. The organization should believe in this spirituality in order to bring morality in organizational culture.2 James L. Perry, “Federalist No. 72: What happened to the Public Service idea” Federalist No. 72 is a particular oft-neglected defense of the reeligibility of president for election. This journal has concluded the amended language for Federalist No. 72 in order to articulate the significance of a public service ethics. Moreover, this journal helped to reinforce this language across the federal administration. The major focus of Federalist No. 72 was on the chief magistrate regarding the time duration in office. The complex model of human motivation has provided in this journal. It will help to understand different attitudes and behaviors of individuals within an organization. Considering Federalist No. 72, Hamilton referred multiple human motives in an organization. Various developments since 1780s have altered the approach of public. A basic consideration is the growth in the scope and size of the federal administration. The journal provided three stipulations that flow from the discussion about motivational and institutional changes. It will contextualize and underpin new argumentum language in Federalist No. 72. The scale and scope of a lean federal administration may require extra deputies and assistants comparing to the president of US. According to the self-determination theory of Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, external control can provide social constructive forms of self-regulating behavior. The foregoing stipulation will help to bring a historic juncture. It will be useful in rethinking accountability structure that can accommodate significance and effective performances3. It will lead the individuals to propose new amended language for Federalist No. 72. Curtis Ventriss, “Democratic Citizenship and Public Ethics” The concept of public ethics is lacking the specificity that can be helpful in the decision making process. Public ethics can be referred as the normative investigation of prevailing national characters or political ethos. This normative investigation approach emphasizes the democratic citizenship tradition regarding the role of the administrators and substantive obligation in order to promote and serve the public interest. According to Ventriss, a public ethics is a particular community of citizens who tries to understand the substantive interdependency of several political and social issues in the community. It helps to maintain the critical factors on the ethical implications of the policy making strategy of government. The journal has offered few assumptions of Hart on civic humanism. It will help to encourage the public administrators. The analysis of hart is certainly instructive. The author did not confront the political and historical challenges that can affect the changing nature of public policies. These trends have been incorporated in the journal. It is evident from the journal that, the normative public action and policy choice consequences are delayed and far-ranging. Public ethics and democratic citizenship have several significances. Both public ethics and democratic citizenship are equally important. These public ethics and democratic citizenship imply the infatuation to the efficacy of several key managerial approaches. This article has renewed emphasis on the public ethics and democratic citizenship in order to reconnect the citizenry4. It will help the organization to confront the economic and political issues. Alex Tuckness, “International Justice in Ethical Decision-Making” It is true that the ethical decision making policies are important to the individuals who live outside of the country. This journal has described the various areas in which several administrative actions have a great impact on governmental decision making board. Moreover, this journal has analyzed the arguments against and for a role of global justice in the ethical decision making process. The administrative decisions of government in immigration, environmental and trade areas affected the rights and lives of those people who are living in other countries. A concern for global justice means the impact of decision making process on the individuals who stay in other countries. Most important and key concern is increasing global environmental challenges. Pollution is one of the most climatic concerns. It can be identified from the journal that, several global organizations are not following the legal environmental standards in their business operation. As a result, the level of carbon emission is constantly increasing. The organizations have to implement several unique strategies in their business process in order to reduce the level of carbon emission. Ethical and legal business practices will help the organizations to bring sustainability in their organization, society and environment. Considering various environmental policies, immigration policies and economic policies, it can be stated that the decision making officials have huge impact outside the national borders5. The process of concrete proposals and developing specific for administrative reform will require a cost and consequence analysis of various proposals. Amanda M. Olejarski, “Public Good as Public Interest” This journal will help to characterize public interest and public goods in the context of several legislations. According to Douglass, public goods and public interest is a unique coupling of Morgan’s and Good Sell’s research. This article has emphasized the significance and objectivity of public goods. The impact and the advantages of public goods should be assessed. According to Scholars, public goods are the supreme objects developed by the government of a country. These are characterized by the heightened restrictions. It helps the public to assess and utilize the redeveloped property significantly. Public administration practitioners and scholars are aware of inherent subjectivity of several rules and legislations. The utilization of administrative direction can be frequently criticized for overcoming of the indistinct statutory language. The journal has analyzed the post-Kelo legislation. It was the most important step towards rectifying few challenges that have emerged. It is very much difficult to provide effective solution without proper understanding of clear distinctions among public interest, public goods, public purpose and public use. The public purpose and public use policy is the significant result of a measured erosion of the public use necessities6. According to the Subjective legislative language, it is the responsibility of the public administration scholars to provide effective guidance. Conclusion The key inadequacy in the ASPA code is its weakness. The code is too broad. The global organizations should believe in this spirituality. It will help them to bring morality in organizational culture. The Foregoing stipulation will lead the individuals to recommend new amended language for Federalist No. 72. Effective public ethics will help the global organizations to confront the economic and political issues. The concrete proposals and developing specific process for administrative reform require a cost and consequence analysis of various proposals. It is very much tricky to provide effective solution without proper perceptive of differences among public interest, public purpose, public goods, and public use. References Menzel, D.C. “Public Administration as a Profession.” Public Integrity 5, no. 3 (2003): 239-248. Olejarski, A.M. “Public Good as Public Interest.” Public Integrity 13, no. 4 (2011): 334-346. Perry, J.L. “Federalist No. 72: What happened to the Public Service idea.” Public Administration Review Special issue (2011): 143-146. Svara, J.H. “Macro-Ethics in the Code of the Pan-generalist American Society for Public Administration.” Public Integrity 14, no.3 (2012): 229-241. Tuckness, A. “International Justice in Ethical Decision Making.” Public Integrity 14, no. 2 (2012): 114-123. Ventriss, C. “Democratic Citizenships and Public Ethics.” Public Integrity 14, no. 3 (2012): 283-295. Read More