Principles, Practices, and Prospects of Nuclear Energy - Annotated Bibliography Example

Bodansky, D. (2004). Nuclear energy: Principles, practices, and prospects. New York: Springer. The book establishes that, the need for nuclear energy arises from the worldwide diminishing levels of natural fossils and other power producing utilities, which may render industrial revolution into a stale state. Bodansky relatively expounds that rapid population growth steered power consumption; thus, the dilemma pushed for a mandatory energy alternative source throughout the world (Bodansky, 2004). The writer argues that the scientific discoveries targeted to implement alternative sources of energy that would ensure constant production in the industrialized world. The writer emphasizes on the production of nuclear energy over other sources, for example, crude, natural gas, and coal as it is a carbon free emitting compound. Nuclear energy gained acceptability throughout the superpower countries that learned of the importance of producing the alternative energy source in stimulating economic growth, and significance in the gross domestic product (Bodansky, 2004). Bodansky elaborates on the intensive use of the carbon free energy, but relates the production as dependent on the radiant uranium neutron and electron reacting to produce energy. The author stipulates that the chemical reactions involving the neutrons and electrons appear in a sequence of reactions called the fission process (Bodansky, 2004). The writer depicts that possible emissions to the space range in millions isotopic compounds and the effects would ultimately stimulate global warming (Bodansky, 2004). The author elaborates that, his arguments base on the following facts; nuclear waste disposal turns a tricky issue throughout the manufacturing countries as it is non-biodegradable, thus becoming harmful to the flora and fauna (Bodansky, 2004). The writer states that the organic waste stimulates the occurrence malignant diseases, and cancerous infections. The book establishes on the adverse effects that would possibly emanate from the use of nuclear containing substances. Therefore, Bodansky establishes on the development of nuclear technology from the initial stages, when the authorities argued that all activities related to nuclear targeted to generate power. However, the writer establishes the course that the superpowers take, to use the nuclear manufacturing plants in production of sophisticated and superior weapons (Bodansky, 2004). To that extent, the article ascertains on the importance of nuclear energy development to economic inclinations. The author argues that the importance would exhibit relevance if only world powers cease to use it for production of ammunition (Bodansky, 2004). Similarly, the author argues out that scientific innovations are necessary to curb the environmental harms resulting from nuclear production practices. Adams, T. H. (2010). Nuclear energy: Power from the atom. St. Catharines, Ont: Crabtree Pub. Co. This book makes clear analyses concerning nuclear energy evolution and use in different countries. The writer, Adams elaborates on the use of full energy a stimulant to economic and political propulsion in the current industrializing world. The author depicts and elaborates on the pressing need in different economies to indulge in maximum exploitation of fossil fuels throughout all the energy-utilizing projects (Adams, 2010). The author depicts these aspects of increased fossil consumption as stimulants to the evolution of nuclear energy production as alternative sources of production (Adams, 2010). Adams establishes the basis of arguments upon the surveys undertaken by various scientists in different researches, which reveal that machines powered by fossil fuels propel global warming through the gaseous emissions (Adams, 2010). The writer advocates that there should be alternative sources of energy, to reduce the threat of increased global warming throughout the world. The author ascertains that sunrays heating the earth are unable to escape back to the space due to compression of gases at the ozone layer. The writer outlines a scientific argument that whenever the heat fails to escape back to the space, then it is much likely that temperatures will gradually increase over time, thus threatening the lives of plants and animals altogether. Therefore, the writer establishes the importance of trying a number of alternatives, with nuclear energy being of relevance to the situation. He father establishes on the use of wind turbines as alternative sources of electricity (Adams, 2010). The author analyzes basis on the process undertaken by nuclear energy manufacturers in different economies and the relative economic influence relative to the production of energy. He reveals that nuclear energy is a growth factor in nations since the energy serves to increase the levels of electricity thus; electric driven machinery will serve to replace those dependent on fossil fuel (Adams, 2010). The author realizes that nuclear waste threatens the ecosystem because of the high level of acidity and the resultant fact that the waste is non-biodegradable, and the effects will prevail over a long period. The author argues out that, in case the centrifuges erupt, the adverse effects will lead to devastating and worsening conditions to the environment (Adams, 2010). Therefore, the writer elaborates on the clear approach and certainty nuclear energy is of use to the world. However, his research does not imply clearly on the adverse effects of that will result from the isotopic compound emissions from the nuclear plants. Marshall, A. (2011).The case against nuclear power development in Indonesia. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. 5(1), pp. 1-5 The journal based on information on nuclear energy production in the Asian countries establishes the craving need that all countries perceive with production of nuclear energy. The journal critically analyzes the various hazards that nuclear energy production may pose to the environment, despite its desired importance and economic propellant values (Marshall, 2011). The authors ascertain that the above factors are the propellants that push the authorities of Indonesia to set up a nuclear power plant to produce an alternative to fossil fuel. The journal establishes that the energy will boost electricity energy at a range between 2% to 5% (Marshall, 2011). The author to this journal established little considerations on environmental conservationists program, on the initiation of the project. The author relatively recites that, from the point of extraction of uranium to the point of reaction in the nuclear production centrifuges, Indonesia will likely suffer intensely from the effects of global warming (Marshall, 2011). The journal outlined that, Indonesia focused on establishing a nuclear friendly producing exercise, which led to the formation of BATAN (Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional). The author clarifies that the organization will analyze a clear protocol that will lure foreign nations to subsidize the eco-friendly nuclear operations (Marshall, 2011). However, the journal further establishes that many countries fail to contract on the capabilities that their nuclear projects would coincide with environmentally friendly practices, and Indonesia may not be an exception. The journalist depicted that country would need to source for adequate capital for the construction, research, training, purchase of uranium, and insurances because of the possible dangers likely to emanate from resultant accidents. The journal outlines that Indonesia needed over six billion dollars for construction and the rest of the projects were just as expensive as the construction (Marshall, 2011). The authorizations of nuclear production by the UN pose concerns on the extent at which the project targets to produce domestic power and not weaponry, bearing in mind that most of the East Asian countries use nuclear plants to produce weaponry instead of power. Therefore, the authors to the journal fail to establish chances of success of the nuclear project. The authors do not ascertain the possibility that Indonesia would amass enough funds to engage in the project despite signatories made to the agreement charter (Marshall, 2011). Further, the journal does not establish the clear disposition procedure of the nuclear waste. Secretary-General, (2012). NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. France: corrigenda publishing co. The Nuclear Development Agency, founded on the February of 1958, maintained a focus on elaborate research on nuclear practices among the 30 member states. The researchers target to identify the possible gaseous emissions emanating from the nuclear cycles in different production plants throughout the member states (Secretary-General, 2012). The scientific innovations resultant from the research objectives should enable the member countries identify more environmentally friendly procedures that would render the practices less harmful to the environment (Secretary-General, 2012). Therefore, the nuclear researches that this organization would possibly undertake focuses on carbon free future emissions. The researchers establish their descriptive studies on the future prospects of the resultant nuclear practices as per the year 2050. The documents analyses the current findings on the status of nuclear practices and the environmental impacts, and the possibility that this practices would change to cope with environmental friendly regulations in the future (Secretary-General, 2012). The researchers critically analyze a prospectus on the necessity to implement control over the number of nuclear reactors that the member countries should possess (Secretary-General, 2012). However, the researchers are vulnerable to malicious practices endured on by the various member states that confine information on their nuclear programs, and avoid leakages on any future operations. The researchers undertake a documented approach to economical, political-legal, societal, and organizational factors that affect the nuclear processes to expand. The researchers critically analyze that the best nuclear practices would emanate from a country’s capability to amass adequate factors of production, for example, labor, machinery, capital, and the production material, which mainly are uranium components (Secretary-General, 2012). The researchers establish the positive, and negative impacts of the energy sourced from nuclear as a utility for electricity. The research institute ensures that all the member countries adhere to the set perspectives on nuclear energy production, and use at the long run (Secretary-General, 2012). The researchers’ findings and objectives in accordance to the set standards on the processes of engaging into nuclear production are devastating. The documented survey implements that each country produces nuclear energy in accordance to its capacity, and does little to curb environmental pollution (Secretary-General, 2012). Therefore, the Nuclear Development Agency fails to implement its objectives throughout the member countries thus; nuclear productions run on country’s sole capacity and not in accordance to the stipulated chain of command. Nuclear energy Nuclear energy production resulted from scientific discoveries meant to come with alternative energy sources for domestic and industrial sources. The energy occurs naturally from the sun and stars and in manmade form, whereby the radioactive active composites react to produce energy and gaseous emissions. Developed countries use nuclear energy to produce heating and subsidiary electricity systems for domestic and industrial purposes. However, the credibility of how the production of nuclear serves for the best purpose of the world remains questionable. Over the five decades, technological advances on nuclear production took a new course, with the superpower countries sharing nuclear information under questionable stances. The country, Israel invented nuclear energy and shared it with America, throughout the country of France and other capitalists’ countries. The communists gained access to the technology and thus, spread through Russia, China, and North Korea. Therefore, the nuclear energy with whose production targeted to boast electricity and heating systems rose concerns among to the entire world. The use of nuclear energy diversified and intensified from production of electricity to production of weapons for mass destruction. Scientific research depicts that production of nuclear energy could pose devastating consequences to the world, not only from the possible destruction that the weapons may cause, but also resultant global warming from the isotopic compound emissions from the production plants’ centrifuges. This argumentative essay entails information presented by four different authors on production and use of the nuclear energy throughout the world. The arguments arising from their prospective views towards production and use of the weapons are also booked. There are critical analyses on the four articles under discussion in this essay. The authors express their views towards the nuclear energy production, and use and it is upon that their works, which the essay makes a basis. The research on nuclear energy carried out upon the four different sources establishes different views of different authors on the subject. The results from Bodansky depict that nuclear energy production replaces electricity. The author argues that nuclear energy is a necessity in the modern world for any economy that targets a faster rate of growth. Bodansky establishes that the use of nuclear energy in running machinery and industries would lead to efficiency in the way processes. Bodansky outlines that, this alternative source of energy causes environmental impacts. The author establishes on the various environmental impacts likely to result from production and the use of nuclear energy different countries. Informative sources establish that nuclear reactors would at times erupt and spill poisonous waste to the environment. Bodansky fails to establish the possibility that the nuclear reactors may react and cause adverse harm to the surroundings. The writer fails to identify the extent to which weaponry made from nuclear developments would cause to the universe, on a statistical approach. The writer fails to establish the cost-effectiveness of nuclear production in figurative form, over the use of fossil fuels. On the second book, Adams expounds further, on the importance of nuclear energy compared to fossil fuels, and critically expounds on the economic and environmental salient role of nuclear energy. The author emphasizes on the importance of nuclear energy over other energy sources, for example, fossil fuels, natural gas, and municipal waste. On the contrary, the question arises upon the lack of ascertainment that the production process of nuclear energy emits toxic waste to the environment, which lead to the depletion of the ozone layer and causes harm to the living things accordingly. Arguments are that, the writer does not advocate for a clear procedure upon which nuclear production plants form bases. The aspect poses a controversy since nuclear energy production could face alterations in accordance to the needs of the country, and that time the process would result to the manufacture of weapons for mass destruction. Marshall Allan establishes studies on nuclear energy production at the tender stages that the government of Indonesia seeks to establish. At some point, Allan establishes that the government seeks nuclear power to propel economic growth, and serve as an alternative to the use of fossil fuels. The writer establishes his arguments on facts that the Indonesian government seeks to implement nuclear energy reactors for electricity supply only. Allan fails to establish the fact that Indonesia could focus on nuclear production while eyeing developments on weapons. The writer fails to relate Indonesia’s endeavors to the other East Asian countries, which are indulging heavily on weapon production through their nuclear plants. Therefore, the writer depicts the relevance nuclear energy production on economic propulsion, and fails to show that Indonesia could probably target to produce to gain a political stance. The fourth document is a research carried out by the Nuclear Development Agency, on the roles that the member states should practice in order to achieve future objectives. The researchers target to establish a proper chain of approach to nuclear related projects. The commissioned journal elaborates that the member states would practice environmentally friendly nuclear projects that would limit emissions to the maximum and would not harm the environment. The advocacy seems to fail since each member state affiliated to the organization does not abide to the stipulated code of performance. The objectives of the journal become void at the extent that each member state acts in secretive capacity to produce military weapons. Therefore, the researchers’ objectives will eventually render impossibility to performance of in order to ensure that operations coincide with the code. From scholars’ perspective, nuclear energy play a critical role in substituting coal and oil. In instances when oil and coal are limited, electricity production has been enhanced by using nuclear power plants. In addition, is advantageous that the fuel required by nuclear power plant is significantly small when compared to that used in the burning of fossil fuels. The commonly used coal and oil are air pollutants. On the contrary, when nuclear power plants are operated in a technical manner the amount of environmental pollution is limited. Despite the above-mentioned advantages, nuclear energy has disadvantages as well. For instance, the radiation released when nuclear explores is harmful and could be deadly. There are waste disposal issues with nuclear energy. During reaction, waste products in form of nuclear release harmful radiation. As such, disposing these wastes is a challenge to the concerned since they are not in a position to be dumped, as normal garbage as handling them could turn deadly. Further still, the lifetime of nuclear reactors is limited. Many scientists argue that these reactors cannot last for more than 45 years. These factors confirm that the controversy that exists regarding the future of nuclear energy might never come to an end. However, despite the limitation, it is vital for individuals to appreciate the presence of nuclear energy and work to manage the manageable disadvantages. Conclusions Throughout the argumentative essay, conclusions are that different authors depict different approaches to the issue of nuclear energy. The sources analyze on the salient importance of nuclear energy in stimulating economic growth. The authors, researchers, and journalists argue similarly at a point, establishing that nuclear energy is the alternative to adequate alternative power utilities in the world. The general critics upon the four sources relate to the establishment of ethical concerns upon which the nuclear energy practices will honor the lives, and serve to enhance them. References Bodansky, D. (2004). Nuclear energy: Principles, practices, and prospects. New York: Springer. Adams, T. H. (2010). Nuclear energy: Power from the atom. St. Catharines, Ont: Crabtree Pub. Co. Marshall, A. (2011).The case against nuclear power development in Indonesia. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. 5(1), pp. 1-5 Secretary-General, (2012). NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. France: corrigenda publishing co. Available online at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. on November 7, 2012 Read More