Philosophy short answer - Essay Example

1. True or False: Utilitarians aim to maximize rationality False 2. True or False: Kant's moral theory forbids involving people in schemes of action to which they could not possibly consent True3. True or False:Alleged advantage of Kantian ethics is that it is usually easy to tell when ones act would use others as a mere means False4. Multiple Choice:Which of the following most closely resembles Kant's first formulation of the categorical imperativeA= act according to the rules which encapsulates moral duty B= act according to the rules which if generally followed would not lead to a self-defeating situation C= act according to the rules that people will accept for their mutual benefit, D= act according to the rules which if generally followed would bring about the greatest aggregate benefit5.

True or False:Intention plays no role in Kantian ethics. False6. True or False:Our highest objective according to Aristotle is the attainment of pleasureFalse7. True or False:Aristotle thinks that we develop the virtues by acquiring them as habits.True8. Fill in the gaps:According to Aristotle the proper function of a human being is to reason.9. Multiple ChoiceWhich is NOT a doctrine of AristotleA= a human good is defined by human nature, B= there are two different kinds of virtues, intellectual and moral, C= specific moral virtues are the means between excess and deficiency of a particular quality, D= the right kind of pleasure constitutes happiness10.

Fill in the gap:Aristotle thinks that to determine the mean, one needs to use practical wisdom.11. True or False:Ross's theory provides a single criterion to decide what our duty is in a particular situation.True12. True or False:According to Ross's theory of ethics we should never take consequences into account.False13. Fill in the gap:Ross argues that we have at least 7 prima facie duties, but that to discover our prima facie duty we have to consider each case by itself.14. Multiple choice:Ross's 7 duties are, A= courage, temperance, liberality, good temper, truthfulness, friendliness, justice, B= fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, non-malificence, and self improvement.

C= humanity, propriety, reciprocity, rightness, courage, trust, and loyalty. 15. True or False:Confucian mean is a mean between the extremes of action.True16. True or False:According to Julia Po-Wah Lai Tao, Confucianism, unlike ethics of care, does use general principles for action.False17. Multiple choiceIn Confucianism the development of moral integrity depends on:A= heaven, B= one self C= good government D= personal profits18. Multiple choiceIn Confucianism one disciplines ones actions by consciously following proper behaviour (rites).

The aim of this is to A= develop to the level wherein perfect moral action comes automatic, B= become perfect in performance of the rites, C= know what moral behaviour is, D= be always conscious of the rights19. Multiple choice:In Confucianism the central virtue is A= social success. B= good government, C= scholarship D=humanity or benevolence20. Multiple choice:According to Seung-Hwan- Lee, which of the following is NOT a doubt that liberal rites/theorists would have about Confucianism A= confusion ideas of "character development and "self-realization" can lead to imposition of a concept of a "real self" against the actual wishes of the person.

B= Confusion emphasis on social solidarity can lead to blind conformity. C= Confusion virtues discourage the individual from claiming his or her rites. D= Confusions do not think that rites are an effective means of protection from oppression.21. Multiple choice:According to Seung-Hwan-Lee which of the following is NOT a doubt that confusions would have about liberal rites theory. A= liberal freedom has no point without a vision of the good life, B= rites protect individual interests and autonomy, C= there are occasions when exercising rites is the wrong thing to do, but rites based ethics does not give any effective guidance about that.

D= rites based ethics does not include any role for such virtues as benevolence.22. True or false, Lee argues both that Confucianism is to be promoted and liberal rites theory is to be rejected.True23. Fill in the gapsIn making her arguments about euthanasia "Foot" uses the virtues of justice and charity.24. True or false, Callahan argues that although there are cases of overlap between killing and allowing to die, the distinguishing is still morally importantTrue25. Multiple choice:Lee and George argue that A= a foetus is not a fully human person, most abortions count as intentional killing, and that killing is usually unjustified, B= a foetus is fully human person, most abortion count as intentional killing, and that killing is usually unjustified.

C= a foetus is a fully human person, most abortions do not count as a intentional killing and that killing is usually unjustified. D= a foetus is not a fully human person, most abortions do not count as intentional killing, and that killing is not usually unjustified.26. Multiple choiceIn the following case, you are kidnapped, you are drugged and when you wake up you find yourself in a hospital, you are linked up to machines that are taking your blood and pumping it into a man in a bed beside you, you have a rare blood type and this man who is a very well known musician needs your blood to survive.

You are not physically harmed by this as you still have enough blood to survive, but you are inconvenienced by the fact that he needs you stay hooked up for a year. You cannot leave the hospital as he will die if you do not stay hooked up to him. According to Judith, Jarvis, Thompson, A=abortion is always permissible B= the foetus is not a fully human person, C= the foetus is a fully human person, D= another persons right to life does not necessarily imply the right to use your body without consent.27. True or FalseLittle argues that respect for creation could not be a moral reason, for refusing motherhood and having an abortion.True28. Multiple choice:Which of the following is not one of the conditions Janna Thompson requires an organization to meet if it is to count as a legitimate authority in war A=it must recognize the restrictions of just war theory, B= the leaders must genuinely represent the people on whose behalf they are fighting.

C= it must recognize that changes in international society have made it into a society of laws and institutions for enforcing them, D= it must be in control of the violence of its members.29. Multiple Choice In traditional just war theory a war is morally justified if A= any of the Jus ad bellum criteria are met, B= all the Jus ad Bellum and Jus in bello criteria are met, C= the war is in defense of socially basic human rites. D= if the benefit of the war outweighs the cost.30. Multiple choice:Which of the following would count as a just cause both under traditional theory and under "Lubin" principles, A= country 1 is starving.

Country 2 has lots of food, and refuses to provide any to 1. 1 attacks 2 to get the food. B= Country 2 is constructing nuclear weapons. Country 1, a traditional enemy, attacks to prevent them from being completed. C= the government and majority tribe of country 2 are destroying the minority tribe. Country 1 attacks to stop the percussion. D= Country 1 attacks country 3 to avenged an insult. Country 2 has a defense treaty with country 3, so 2 in turn attack 1.