The major causes and consequences of ruralurban migration in the developing countries - Essay Example

The migration culture in India was initially confined to the lean season for agriculture at many parts of the region till the end of summer. People used to flee to nearby towns and cities for working as daily wage workers at construction sites and other jobs to meet their expenses. They used to return to native villages when the rains arrives and used to spend their time in cultivation. The consistent unstable rains, the famines, the drought have unsettled the farmers resulting in migration to the urban areas.

The growing IT and ITES boom with strong real estate drive created opportunities with sufficient work year round with satisfactory income made the rural folks to stay away from their lands. The ever growing cities expanses have swallowed nearby villages which made some wealthier and left with some no land to cultivate who ultimately migrated to cities in search of survival. The low literacy rates in the rural population: The rural population is mostly illiterate due to lack of awareness to educate themselves and concentrating more the physical work they need to perceive in the fields to cultivate.

The villages are remotely located at times isolating them from the rest of the world and he developments. The villages had primary schools and at times high schools in major villages. The facilities provided at the schools as not encouraging. Child labour being cheaper than the elder wages and the poverty of the families force every one to work The families send their children for daily labour like every other family member to earn the daily expense when they migrate to towns and cities which does allows the children to perceive their education.

The low and specific skill oriented farmers: The farmers in most of the developed countries cultivate with the primitive methods. The cultivation methods were not effective to yield good returns. The crops need more water, and in turn for more water they need electricity to pump ground water. The electricity is more scarce and expensive for already lean farmers. The farmers have only specific skills like cultivation, cattle raring which were said to be unskilled jobs and does not yield at timely regular intervals.

The works at urban and metros yield good daily income and the amount of earning will depend on the way he learns the particular job as he gains expertise.The facilities demand-supply gap in urban areas: The huge migrations were not to the two or three tier cities but to the metro which are already crowded. The ever growing demand for basic amenities does not provide a chance for a brief and refined plan but forces for a temporary makeshift which in turn leads to a non uniform town or city planning.

The below par basic amenities like water, electricity and housing: The urban authorities are pressurized by the ever growing demand that might hinder the authorities to provide the requisite facilities.Reference:Impact of the rural urban migration on the sustainability of the cities, 7 May, 2004, available at http://www.wscsd.org/ejournal/article.php3id_article=109Making India world skill capital, Education must cater to the need of the industry, 30October,2004, available at