Theories of Aging - Essay Example

The three most important and frequently addressed theories related to the aging process are the Theory of disengagement, Activity Theory, and Continuity Theory (Bengtson, Silverstein, & Putney, 2009).

This researcher finds that Activity Theory has defined the process of aging more effectively as compared to the other two theories. The theory was developed in 1953 by an American sociologist Havighurst (Schulz, 2006). This theory holds that remaining lively and participating in societal activities are key factors of satisfaction for aging people. Physical and intellectual activities are important for successful aging. The theory proposes that to maintain a positive self-image, older members need to develop new interests, roles, hobbies, and relationships (Schulz-Aellen, 1997). This theory would explain adequately why aging people feel encouraged to continue with their middle-aged lifestyles by denying the limitations of old age and why they make attempts to sustain that lifestyle over a longer duration.

According to Havighurst activity is always preferable to inactivity since it increases the chances of the well-being of personality on several levels. This theory also explains why post-industrial society allowed its older members to participate in meaningful activities. The theory incorporates an improvement in the general health and prosperity of older people.

In contrast to the Activity Theory, the Disengagement theory comes across as a more controversial theory. According to this theory, aging is the process of regular withdrawal between society and the subject aging individual. The theory holds that in growing older, withdrawal or disengagement can be considered to be a natural or universal process. In all cultures and societies, this process is acceptable to elders. According to this theory, there should be a social equilibrium that will promote self-reflection for elders. Old members of society should be free from societal roles (Ebersole, Hess, & Luggen, 2004). Gradual withdrawal from relationships has made it possible for society to continue its functions even after older valuable members have left the central circles of society.

It has been observed that very little to no research has supported this theory if one was to consider the support that other theories have acquired over time. This theory fails to explain the aging process effectively because it tends to discourage old people to remain engaged in societal activities while in reality, older individuals desire to remain occupied and involved with society and its members (Yu, 1993). According to my perspective, this theory is the weakest one as compared to other theories because aging individuals now realize that a complete withdrawal from society can adversely affect their health. Gerontologists have also discounted this theory.

It is apparent from the above discussion that the Activity theory is a far better theory than the disengagement theory. It would not be unfair to surmise that research in the field of aging under the premise of the activity theory can be expected to be relatively more productive in its outcomes in comparison to the disengagement theory.