Drug Testing in Schools - Essay Example

Due to the serious repercussions of the false accusations, drug testing should only be used when positive results signify compelling proof o the use of drugs (U.S. News and World Reports, 1996). When those who do not use are falsely accused, this might lead to stigmatization for offenses that they are clean or free of. In addition, false accusations may lead to the loss of good and bright students. D. Guiding principles and valuesIn resolving the moral dilemma, it will be important that ways are found of balancing these critical values.

It is argued by critics of programs of drug testing that students have a fundamental right to privacy (OKeefe, 2000). It is frequently claimed that drug tests that are conducted in a proper way are very correct, and proof of the use of drugs that are provided by the tests is thus credible. The main concern of several critics of drug testing in schools that innocent students will be seriously affected appears to be irrational if appropriate confirmatory tests are carried out. Vaccinations A. Ethical dilemmaEthical dilemmas in the issue of vaccination include; for instance, we find that in an attempt to ensure that the greatest number of people is protected; regulations of public vaccine might violate individual liberty and freedom.

Tension ensues when people want to exercise their conjugal rights in protecting themselves together with their children by not accepting vaccination, if they refuse present safety or medical evidence, or even if their ideological beliefs are seriously against vaccination. B. Point of viewVaccines are really responsible for most successes of global public health, like the eradication of measles and substantial reductions in some other serious infections such as smallpox and polio. However, vaccinations have for a long time been the subject of different ethical controversies.

Ethical discussions and objections to institutions and some other mandates come up because some people and communities oppose the mandates, and have philosophical or religious beliefs conflicting or disagreeing with vaccination (Caplan, 2008). C. Alternative course/s of action and consequenceIn an attempt to solve these ethical dilemmas, and also the beliefs of people and also address their different concerns or worries, it is important that states permit vaccination exceptions or exemptions for the medical contraindications, permit religious exemptions as well as allow exceptions for philosophical purposes (Mary, 1999).

D Guiding principles and valuesPublic and medical advocates should try balancing the ethics of protecting the beliefs of people and the health of the community. People who exercise philosophical and or religious exemptions have high chances of contracting infections; these put themselves together with their communities at greater risk (Peltola, 2000).