Planning Process of World Cup 2010 - Essay Example

Critical Analysis of the Legacy Dimension of the Planning Process of World Cup in South Africa Focusing on the of Cape Town Institution Date The concept of a legacy is something the world football organizing committee, FIFA, wishes left in any country that has hosted a football world cup event (Mulqueen, et. al., 2010). Thus, the football federation of South African decided to build a new stadium at Green point by utilizing the public spaces that were unused and making it the prime site for hosting the tournament (Tait & Van Der Spuy, 2010). These developments are aimed at catapulting the city’s growth and their investments while helping the city in attracting tourists and visitors (Nauright, 2012). The building of the new stadium at Green point is also intended to create more job opportunities and newer sporting, entertainment and leisure activities for the city in a scope not previously witnessed (Smit, et. al., 2007). The location of a new stadium at Green Point is very accessible to the local and international tourists as the public transport systems, which include their rail and road networks, link the country to many other regions like the neighboring Zimbabwe (Ruiz-del-Solar, et. al. 2011). The plan for building the new stadium at Green Point aimed at creating a recreational and a sports facility within the urban parks situated in Cape Town (Leeman, 2010). The stadium to be built was to have a capacity of approximately 68,000 fans and was supposed to link the waterfronts of Victoria and Alfred (Bowdin, 2010). The major objective of building the new stadium is enhancing the regional capabilities already existing in this region and not detracting from the other facilities as they enhance the values of the neighborhood for their populations benefit (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). While designing the stadium, several principles were considered including their compliance to the technical and facility requirements of FIFA (Young, 2010). The principles utilized also considered the building and infrastructure the stadium, the areas security, accessibility, capacity and seating orders (Tait & Van Der Spuy, 2010). The legacy of the stadium created ensures that the impacts of building the new stadium will have long term effects. The legacy plans included compliance standards in the regions public transport systems, their training venues, accommodation, renewable energy, waste and water management and their environment (Leeman, 2010). Upgrading the regions public transport was among their most pressing of challenges in enabling the spectators to attend the world cup matches in environments that are safe and car free (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). This activity was meant to improve the lives of their citizens and the spectators from foreign lands who come to see the games (Hall, et. al., 2012). The public transportation systems found in the country usually benefits the population, their economy and their natural environments by preventing urban sprawls, reducing emissions, the travel times used and the costs involved (Leeman, 2010). According to previous reports, transport has become a major obstacle to the growth of the country’s economy. These reports suggest that by the year 2010, very many visitors into the country would be using these newly constructed transport systems (Ruiz-del-Solar, et. al., 2011). The growth in the country’s transportation systems came about due to the construction of regular and safe connections between the country’s towns and their cities (Hall, et. al., 2012). Mobility within a country brings additional opportunities which in turn bring about social and economic developments (Smit, et. al., 2007). The development of the country’s transport infrastructure had been informed by the strategic infrastructural plan for the Cape Town province (Young, 2010). This plans included building projects for their 2010 WC transport guidance and their managements, their rail and rail infrastructures (Ruiz-del-Solar, et. al., 2011). In addition, the plans thought of upgrading the coach terminals that were meant for long distance transport modes. The transport systems that were designed included multi-modal systems for ticketing that were to be used beyond the year 2010 and intelligent systems (Bowdin, 2010). The country’s government efforts of developing their country’ rail and airport infrastructure included upgrades for their domestic terminals and the rolling stocks in their railway companies (Young, 2010). Maximizing the amount of cash spent by visitors who were flocking the country during the world cup of 2010 would greatly help the country in developing (Hall, et. al., 2012). These plans were to be undertaken by the government’s development of marketing themes in collaboration, informing businesses of their marketing information and creating free zones for the activities (Young, 2010). They also intended to encourage specialized promotions that would be executed through the local media (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). In addition, the government thought of maximizing public views and the walls the populations would be using to the stadium when taking their small scale businesses to the stadium (Hall, et. al., 2012). The legacy plans stipulated that the stays of the visitors were maximized for the purposes of prolonging their stay in the country. This included maximizing the total number of matches that would be played in Cape Town (Bowdin, 2010). Many training venues were developed to be used prior and after to the tournament by their population (Nauright, 2012). These facilities have helped in bringing a developmental impact to the country as many foreigners come to use their property thereby bringing in foreign exchange to the country (Hall, et. al., 2012). The training venues have come with accommodations and have additionally helped many teams to train in the complexes vicinity (Wong, 2012). The plans were also aimed at creating clean and affordable accommodations for those visitors who could not afford to rent rooms in either a five or a three star hotel (Young, 2010). Like in the previous tournaments that were held in Germany during the year 2006, the South African government had to create its own environmental legacy. This is mainly done for the reason of ensuring that no damage to their environment occurs (Nauright, 2012). The legacy plans set forth by the organizers of the tournament were aimed at ensuring the legacy of the country’s social capital (Wong, 2012). According to previous reports, the South African authorities suggested that the municipalities within the country ought to think beyond the country’s infrastructure as the main strategy used for developing their social sector (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). According to the FIFA regulations, the federation aims at eliminating racism or any unruly behaviors that may arise when the game is on (Nauright, 2012). Within South Africa, many nongovernmental, trade unions, provincial and local governments with the support of their private sectors run campaigns for the purposes of ensuring fairness during the games and beyond (Bowdin, 2010). According to previous reports, the South African government was required by FIFA to avail 55,000 rooms for the visitors who would be coming to watch this prestigious tournament (Hall, et. al., 2012). However, the same reports indicate that the country’s authorities have only been able to contract approximately 40,495. Out of this number, 10,274 are mainly rooms not found in hotels whereas 30,221 rooms are found in hotels and the remaining 631 rooms were provided within the vast South African Parks. The following chart and table help in representing this information in a pictorial form (Gleibner & Moller, 2011). Table 1.0 Location Number of Rooms Non-Hotel 10,274 Hotel 30,221 National Parks 631 Chart 1.0 The South African government created schools that were meant to teach their young people and children what fair competition is, how to cooperate and respect one another during the game (Bowdin, 2010). The country’s international efforts were mainly made in Pakistan where most of the footballs around the globe are manufactured (Wong, 2012). This was carried out mainly because the wages and working conditions that the company left a lot to be desired. This campaign also left a lot of pressure on these companies due to their acts (Hall, et. al., 2012). South African versions of the ‘Fair Play Fair Life’ programs have been introduced as part of their strategy in building their country’s social capital during and after the games (Gleibner & Moller, 2011). This was accomplished with funding from various governmental and nongovernmental organizations (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). The social capital within South Africa has been built before and after the 2010 games by revitalizing the local communities within the nation (Wong, 2012). This has mainly been achieved through the upgrading done to the transport systems within the country that in turn help in linking the different communities that live within their city (Nauright, 2012). The country’s authorities have also had to rely on their cultural nodes and corridors in integrating and revitalizing their cultural areas by enhancing their people’s cultural and monetary activities (Hall, et. al., 2012). Other social legacy plans and activities that have enabled the country to build their social and human capital before and after the 2010 include improving their people’s understanding of the environment (Bowdin, 2010). In addition, the South African authorities have previously introduced education programs that have enabled their people to develop attitudes of discipline, teamwork, respect and fairness during and after these games (Hall, et. al., 2012). By developing their people’s critical skills when working, the authorities in the country have been able to improve their abilities in project management, marketing, tourism, security issues and hospitality (Gleibner & Moller, 2011). Consequently, the authorities have in the past brought in mechanisms that have greatly helped in balancing their local and imported capacities in their skill bases (Young, 2010). Finally, the South African authorities have greatly inspired their countrymen’s national pride and their unity. This has been achieved by enabling the building of appreciation and tolerance among the different genders, ages, races, ethnic groupings and understanding levels (Bowdin, 2010). The country’s media bodies have also in the past and present times been urged to mitigate against any forms of negativity that are being spread within their community (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). In order for the South African Government to maintain a financial legacy after the world cup games are over, the authorities within the country adopted the ‘The Big Owe’ and their national treasury (Oranje, 2007). The Cape Town region greatly benefited by receiving a larger share of the country’s national resources in form of funding to improve on the infrastructure and various construction projects (André, 2010). The expansion of activities within the area has enabled the South African authorities to increase their local rates. This move has enabled the completion of other development activities being undertaken in other regions through the taxes that have been collected (Karlsson & Picard, 2011). They have additionally been able to maximize their economic opportunities by enhancing their people’s communication skills, providing support for their small businesses and acquiring concessionaires in order to obtain various contracts with different global brands (André, 2010). The monetary activities have also been maximized by ensuring that the existing companies have been expanded (Wong, 2012). A sports legacy within the country has been established by raising the required funds to ensure the development of sports, building the infrastructure for their local clubs so that they can help in attracting sponsors for them (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). According to previous reports, there has been non negligible improvements made in developing various sectors of the economy though there have been a lot of wastages (Young, 2010). The authorities within South Africa responded by assisting the managements of their restaurants and stadiums in the minimization of water usage while putting up recycling schemes that are comprehensive in order to minimize their wastes (Bowdin, 2010). The use of renewable energy within the country has also been encouraged across the nation after these games thereby enabling the country to acquire sustainable development. For instance, the following table shows the stadiums built or renovated during the games and their capacities (Gleibner & Moller, 2011). Table 2.0 CITY NAME OF STADIUM CAPACITY Johannesburg Soccer City 84,490 Cape Town Green Point Stadium 64,100 Durban Moses Mabhida Stadium 62,760 Pretoria Loftus Versfeld Stadium 42,858 Port Elizabeth Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium 42,486 In order for the South African authorities to ensure that their infrastructure is being used in a better way, they must ensure that they have been spread out to the more populated areas and the remote areas in the country where people might not have accessibility to them (Hall, et. al., 2012). Any restrictions that have been placed on the accessibility of these structures by members of their public should be discarded to allow more of their people to use them more often (Oranje, 2007). References André, L. (2010). Sports In South Africa. Johannesburg: Kluwer Law International. Bowdin, G. (2010). Events Management. New York: Routledge. Gleibner, H. & Moller, K. (2011). Case Studies In Logistics. New York: Springer. Hall, S. A.A. & Shibli, S. & Schwarz, E. (2012). Sport Facility Operations Management, New York: Routledge. Jennings, J. & Jordan-Zachery, J. S. (2010). Urban Spaces: Planning And Struggles For Land And Community. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. Karlsson, C. & Picard, R. G. (2011). Media Clusters: Spatial Agglomeration And Content Capabilities. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing. Leeman, J. J.A. (2010). Export Planning. London: Books on Demand. Mulqueen, T., Woitalla, M. & Woitalla, M. (2010). The Complete Soccer Goalkeeper. London: Human Kinetics. Nauright, J. (2012). Sports Around The World,. London: ABC-CLIO. Oranje, H. (2007). Planning And Transformation: Learning From The Post-Apartheid Experience, New York: Taylor & Francis. Ruiz-del-Solar, J., Chown, E. & Ploeger, P. G. (2011). RoboCup 2010: Robot Soccer World Cup XIV. New York: Springer. Smit P.J, Brevis, T., De J. Cronje, G.J., Vrba, M.J. & Smit, P.J. (2007). Management Principles; A Contemporary Edition For Africa. London: Juta and Company Ltd. Tait, S. & Van Der Spuy, E. (2010). Cooperation And Accountability In The Cross-Border Policing Of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: African Minds. Wong, G. M. (2012). The Comprehensive Guide To Careers In Sports. New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Young, A. (2010). Brand Media Strategy: Integrated Communications Planning In The Digital Era. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Appendices Table 1.0………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Chart 1.0………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Table 2.0………………………………………………………………………………………..8 Read More