Voluntary Manslaughter, Robbery - Assignment Example

Voluntary manslaughter is also known as “intentional killing.” In a case of voluntary manslaughter, the offender has no premeditation, malice or deliberation to commit an offence. Circumstances causing the killing are those that would make a mentally reasonable person become mentally or emotionally disturbed. According to federal law, Voluntary manslaughter is defined as the unlawful killing of a person without malice, upon the “heat of passion” or sudden quarrel. In the context of federal law, the heat of passion is an irresistible emission a reasonable person would experience.

An example of voluntary manslaughter would occur in a case where people who hardly know each other engage in a quarrel based on religious faith. In case, the victim was demeaning symbols of the offenders' religion, and the offender flies into a rage during which he or she kills the other (Morris, 2011, P.47). Involuntary manslaughter is the unlawful killing of another human being without intent to kill. Involuntary manslaughter results from reckless behavior while commissioning a lawful act or commissioning an unlawful act that does not amount to a felony.

An example of involuntary manslaughter would be if a person comes home and finds his wife in bed with another man. Due to the disturbance, the husband of the wife's heads to a local bar and excessively drinks, then recklessly drives killing pedestrians. Negligent homicide is an act of gross negligence that results in the killing of another person without malice. Negligence homicide is a crime that can be prevented by the offender if appropriate care and code of conduct is adhered to (Dongen, 2014, P111).

An example is like killing someone through an accident because the driver was drunk. In both cases of voluntary manslaughter, involuntary manslaughter and negligent homicide, there is no premeditated intention of the offender to commit a crime. Through the application of men's rea, the prosecutor cannot prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the killing was intentional, and the case would work to the favor of the offender.Discussion 2. Robbery is a crime committed when a person unlawfully takes anything of value from another through the use of force, threat, intimidation and any manner, which involves the use of violence.

Robbery is a crime of felony, and the degree of felony is based on the number of offenders, the kind of weapons used and the degree of violence applied. An example of robbery is when one is walking in a secluded area, and a criminal appears with a gun demanding money that the traveler gives out of fear for own life (Gardner, 2009, P.98). Robbery and extortion differ in that, in robbery, there is an immediate threat to the victim, while in extortion; the victim does an act against his or her will with an intention of preventing a possible future threat.

An example of extortion is if a person is cheating on his wife and another person who has this information threatens to tell the wife of a cheating husband if he does not give money. The magnitude of the weapons in robbery and severity of harm is not like in the case of extortion. However, even if the victim caused the ability of crime of extortion, the punishment should not be less, as the law should focus on extortion other than the crime that was committed by the victim.