Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs - Essay Example

? Reflective Journal Three (3) learning points from the case study Schizophrenia is a serious medical illness that affects one out of every one hundred people worldwide. It involves both intellectual and bio-chemical changes in mind though it is treatable. Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, impaired words as well as delusions. Flat effect, apathy, and impaired thoughts are included in the model as opposed symptoms. Impaired thinking involves poor memory, inability to make decisions as well as false cognitive functions in the affected person. However, if schizophrenia is diagnosed at an early age, it can reduce adverse effects on the patient (Anderson & Mukherjee, 2007). This happens Schizophrenia is a serious medical illness that affects one out of every one hundred people worldwide. It involves both intellectual and bio-chemical changes in mind though it is treatable. Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, impaired speech as well as delusion. Flat effect, apathy, and impaired thoughts are included in the model as opposed symptoms. Impaired thinking involves poor memory, inability to make decisions as well as false cognitive functions in the affected person. However, if schizophrenia is diagnosed at an early age, it can reduce adverse effects on the patient (Anderson & Mukherjee, 2007). This happens by showing less negative symptoms as well as, less impaired learning him by the patient. It may also reduce the impact of organized thoughts in the affected patient; hence the patient may take well. There are various drugs that can be used to control schizophrenia, referred to as Antipsychotic drugs. They exist into two categories including Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic drugs. Typical Antipsychotic drugs include Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), Haloperidol (Haldol), Perphenazine (Trilafon), Fluphenazine (Permitil). The rest are types of Atypical Antipsychotic drugs include Risperidone (Risperdal) Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Quetiapine (Seroquel) Ziprasidone (Geodon) Aripiprazole (Abilify) Paliperidone (Invega) Clozapine (Clozaril). All these drugs could heal and reduce the effects of the serious illness that distorts the brain activities of human beings. However, these drugs have their adverse effects when taken by individuals’ like dizziness when changing positions blurred vision skin rashes constipation dry mouth tremors. Drowsiness or sedation is a common side effect with all drugs used to treat psychosis. Drowsiness often fades with time as patients modify or start immunity to the drug. There are several options to aid the patient from this side effect (British Columbia Schizophrenia Society, 2004). These include adjusting the dose, instructing the patient to take the drug before bed, or changing the medication. The medical condition the patient was diagnosed with was obstructive jaundice. The determiner of the illness uses a distinctive technique known as ERCP that studies bile ducts that indicated the presence of jaundice, the presence of hepatitis, also referred to as liver cancer. The procedure which begins with the patient’s consent, involves passing an endoscope into the mouth, oesophagus and stomach into the duodenum (Douglas, 2005). A thin plastic tube catheter is passed through the endoscope until the common opening to the ducts from the liver and pancreas can be seen. The fluoroscopy is used later to look for blockages and lesions such as stones, which may indicate the obstruction of the biliary tract for example the gallstones also the swelling of the bile duct. There may be traces of raised level of bilirubin, a waste product removed by bile. The reduction in flow of bile causes abdominal pain and fever to the patient, thus needs earlier treatment. It is ideal for the patient or even his/her family members to agree to the selection of undergoing surgery. This is a crucial decision that should not be made by the doctor and carry out the surgery on his own. There are several factors to be considered for approval to be made pertaining treatment.one of the factors include the patient being of a legal age of twenty one years and above. The patient should also have a strong mind to make the decision as well as be informed of the nature and consequences of the treatment plan. The informed consent should include the nature of patient’s illness, the procedure consented to as well as the purpose of the proposed treatment should be an inclusion of the risks and consequences of proposed treatment and the possibility of the patient existing. The patient can be advised on alternative treatment, as well as its risk and benefits, which go hand in hand with the prediction that would come after. This happens if the treatment is not rendered to the patient. Indication that the patient understands the alternatives of treatment that is accompanied by signature of patient, physician and witness time the agreement is signed. The recommendations of other health professionals, especially for the benefit versus risks of the surgery include ethical principle of beneficence, ethical standards of non-maleficence, as well as an effective treatment principle. The decisions for treatment made by Dr. Gan ought to have been based on the above guidelines (Jay, 2011). A person is unable to make a decision if he/she is unable to discern the information relevant to the decision retains that information. Using or weighing that information as part of the process of making the decision or disclose his decision would be necessary to him. This may be either by talking; using sign language or any other means of communication. Describe two (2) applications to nursing practice The nursing practices involved in nursing include the professionalism in it as well as maintaining health. Nurses are expected to facilitate recovery and promote independence among their patients worldwide. In nursing practice, the essence of knowledge and education entails managing systems and setting standards within the nursing department in the hospital. There is also teaching and giving information and group work among them, which enables them have personal qualities of the nurse. The relevance of providing and managing direct practical nursing, directly relates to teaching patient, clients and health care staff helps the patient acts as an effective member of a health care team. The nurses should also be induced to a way set to improve their office based on critical thinking accompanied by research. The concept of nursing knowledge is a significant area in the applications to nursing practice which entails, the amalgamation or the glue that holds everything together. This definition was devised by some analysts over the past years. The knowledge of nursing distinguishes the professionalism of a nurse who employed by support social organizations from a nurse working as a registered worker. The knowledge of nursing also enables the individuals in the field to distinguish between nursing and medicine. The fundamental conditions that give rise to nursing practices include a self-care loss, where a person is unable to achieve the health care by themselves. Yet another condition is if the patient is affected by mental or social processes; which need to be solved in order to generate a healthy life. Patients may also be lacking the intrinsic inspiration and learn the ways that one may apply to have a healthy life style or improve their life style. In the modern society, there exist some cases of psychological as well as physiological instability, which may be accompanied by pain or discomfort. In such situations, the application of nursing practice is highly required to facilitate such patients overcome their precarious state of mind. This reduces the many cases of dementia and the state to manage stress. Human responses to existing and potential threats to health issues in most countries are defined as nursing diagnoses. They mostly focus on the patient’s experience as well as the mixture of knowledge of the wide range of perception by the entire team. Discuss one area (1) area of improvement to nursing practice An area of improvement in the improvement of nursing experience includes support for doctors. The opportunity protects the patients who are ineffective also those who make decisions on their behalf. This is done by following the principle of the Act in order to provide care to those who require it. This is done without the risk of liability as long as there is no possibility of guilt or even clinical negligence. Additionally, the nursing practice also requires one never to accept anything in their line of work also work to the best interest of the patient. The nursing practice requires individual to evaluate their patients and know how to solve their problems so as to ensure efficiency in their line of work. The process of documentation is essential to ensure the records are well kept in the nursing task since they tie up to the other departments in the hospital (Gillespie, 2010). This will serve a percentage of future reference and a complete follow up evidence of any required information by showing less negative symptoms as well as, less impaired learning by the patient. References: Anderson, K. & Mukherjee, S. (2007). Research Ethics: The need for additional safeguards in the informed consent process in schizophrenia research. New York: Wiley and Sons. British Columbia Schizophrenia Society. (2004). Basic facts about schizophrenia (12th ed.). United Kingdom: InfoBase Publishing. Douglas, G., Adler, Todd, H., Baron, Raquel, E., Davila, James, Egan, William, K .(2005). ASGE guideline: the role of ERCP in diseases of the biliary tract and the pancreas. California: Hillside Publishing. Jay, W., Marks. (2011). MedicineNet.com. The everything health guide to schizophrenia.United States of America: Adams Media.jaundice. Michigan: Peter and Sons. Gillespie G. (2010). Assessing Mental Capacity. MPS Casebook - Your leading MedicoLegal Journal, 18(3), September 2010. New York: Wiley and Sons. Read More