Comparing and Contrast for the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Adult Amid Scotland and Saudi Arabia - Essay Example

COMPARING AND CONTRAST FOR THE CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) FOR ADULT BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND SAUDI ARABIA IN TERMS OF THE NURSING ROLE IN HOSPITALS Name Institution + City Course Professor Date Submitted Comparing and Contrast for the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) For Adult between Scotland and Saudi Arabia In Terms Of the Nursing Role in Hospitals Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) refers to the combination of chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth resuscitations that deliver artificial circulation and oxygen to an individual whose heart has stopped functioning. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is a life saving process for cardiac arrests. A cardiac arrest happens when the heart becomes starved of oxygen (Ornato & Peberdy 2005, 32). A cardiac attack stuns the heart, changing its rhythm and ability to pump blood. Acute myocardial infarction occurs when the heart does not receive sufficient supply of oxygen and lacks the strength to pump enough blood in the body. Given the benefits of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in saving lives of people suffering from heart attacks, it has been introduced in different nations. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation was introduced in the autumn of 1983 (Parekh 2005, 20). This essay compares and contrasts nursing roles in the Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for Adult in two countries, Saudi Arabia and Scotland CPR is most effective on as quickly as possible delivery and often should be the last alternative after a patient has not positively responded to all the other first aid measures. Furthermore, the patient should be unconscious, unresponsive, not breathing and not moving. Performing CPR varies from adults, children and infants. These steps guided by drawn rules updated in 2010 to ease the application of these steps. These guidelines are just there to guide the trained officers and further training is required in their application (Tang 2012, 64). These steps simplified in “DRSABCD” format to stand for; D – Dangers R – Responsive S – Send for help A – Open airway B – Normal breathing C – Start CPR D – Attach defibrillator (AED) (Gordon 1967, 12) In this article however, I emphasize on the role of a nurse in all the steps of administration of CPR. Furthermore, I will make comparison of these roles in two countries believed to offer the CPR method of life (Gordon 1967, 12). Other important factors that might relate to the subject too are aboard. Nurses beat all odds in their professions in preserving life. In CPR administration, there are teams formed to facilitate the easy administration of this process. One of the teams is the Nursing Roles. In the nursing roles, nurses break up responsibilities from head to Nursing Team Leader (habitually senior ward nurse) identifies self as Nursing Team Leader, accountable for co-coordinating and directing evolving nursing care of the patient (Field 209, 95). The leader checks suitable emergency call has been placed and starts regulator as soon as the Emergency trolley rolls in. he delegates accessible staff to roles apposite to their echelon of practice: Airway, Compression, Monitor & Medications and Runner to gather or get rid of extra apparatus, supplies, labs etc. Establishes the patient’s mass and delegates someone to print out an Emergency Drug Worksheet, Ensures that the patient is placed on CPR backboard (Lijoto 2009, 21). Reassigns nursing staff once the PICU nurse and additional staff arrive as required. Ensure someone is assigned to support family members (National Safety Council 1996, 59). Responsibility for decision making for both parents and their relatives and caregivers is one of the common facets of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation nursing in both Saudi Arabia and Scotland. Nursing care fraternities of the two regions provide for the responsibilities and duties of patients and their relatives in their endeavors to cooperate with nurses in ensuring sustainability of life through Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Both regions recognize that a competent patient has the right to make advance refusal of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation even if the CPR is deemed to be medically successful in case of a circumstance. Additionally, policies in the nursing sectors of the regions give the patients the right to choose not to offer any reasons for their refusal of CPR (National Safety Council 1996, 59). Further, nursing policies in the two regions provide that a capable patient has the right to consent to CPR only in the event that there are substantial chances of success of the CPR to lengthen the patient’s life in case of cardio-respiratory failure. In Scotland, there is increased movement of staff and patients between different healthcare settings. The ministry of health of Scotland, therefore, makes a single consistent and integrated nursing approach to the complex and crucial necessary area of healthcare (Gulli & Rahm 2012m 42). The ministry has developed policies about heart-related healthcare that intend to support patients in achieving their goals for their end of life. The goals apply to all healthcare settings within Scotland without precluding other interventions and care. Health policies of both Saudi Arabia and Scotland recognize that situations that call for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation are inevitable in the event of dying (Gulli & Rahm 2012m 42). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation would, therefore, be used on any individual prior to death. Nursing care for cardiac arrest patients in both Saudi Arabia and Scotland recognize the essence of identifying patients who are likely to succumb to their deaths as a result of cardiac arrests. Both regions’ CPR guidelines appreciate the fact that for these patients, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation may be futile and yield no fruits (Fish & Babba 2003, 42). Both regions also realize the significance of honoring patients who may make advance directive about the kinds of treatments they would not wish to receive in future circumstances. The healthcare and nursing fraternities of Saudi Arabia and Scotland both respect these as long as the patients’ directives against Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation are current, informed, clearly apply to the current clinical circumstances and made without coercion from other people. Both Saudi Arabia and Scotland have policies that prevent inappropriate and futile or unwanted attempts at Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation that have the potential of causing distress to patients and family members. Nursing practices of the two countries appreciate that death with inappropriate attempts of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation may be traumatizing and undignified. Whether a person is cared for in a hospice, hospital, and homecare or in his owns home, the Scottish and Saudi Arabian policies of CPR dictate that the person’s wishes be honored to the latter. Provision of nursing care with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation has caused much confusion and uncertainty in both countries (Fish & Babba 2003, 42). Violations in the local policies of the nations can potentially cause misunderstandings and distressing incidents for both patients and their families. There is little enthusiasm among Saudi Arabian healthcare providers in obtaining licenses and certificates to provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation nursing care (Doyle & Saltsman 2012, 63). Further, there is lack of enforcement Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation certification by Saudi Arabian healthcare delivery system and allied personnel in the countries. Unlike Scotland that is relatively calm and peaceful, the Gulf War has affected the provision of healthcare amongst other essential services in Saudi Arabia (Mandeville & Troiano 1999, 72). The turbulence in the region has contributed to low key-attitudes towards community Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. On the other hand, there is much interest about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by both policy makers and the public of Scotland. Given the interest and overwhelming curiosity in the nursing care provision of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, there Scotland has a high number of researches and policies that guide CPR (National Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care 1986, 09). Although Saudi Arabian nursing care of heart attack cases using Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation have elaborate policies, the policies are not as well defined and befitting as those of Scotland. Despite the low morale and enthusiasm in obtaining proper training in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, some individuals and major companies have taken the step to enroll themselves and their workers in First Aid and Heart Saver Programs. For the year 2013, statistics revealed that 7,000 people were attending Heart Saver Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation courses and first aid training in Saudi Arabia (Xanthos 2013, 75). SHA encouraged the idea throughout the centers to arrange, organize and conduct courses for the public in all common languages in Saudi Arabia. In order to improve nursing care for heart attack victims and improve community awareness of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, the courses for the community targeted bank workers, personnel working in factories, farms, companies and scouts. Further, other government institutes have the vision to establish such institutes and have such trainings mandatory for their workers. Al-Marai and Scuba Diving institutes are some of the disabled centers that have taken over the task of equipping their employees with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and CPR Centers (Thygerson, Thygerson & Piazza 2012, 54). In addition, the chairman of Saudi Arabian Airlines instituted an initiative dubbed CPR in the Air to improve the care of heart attacked patients. The mini symposium highlighted critical analyses of various airline manuals of the basic emergency care. These included CPR and First Aid. The symposium surveyed the cabin crew and stewardesses on practical and theoretical applications of lifesaving measures (Thygerson, Thygerson & Piazza 2012, 54). Saudi Arabian health stakeholders have tried to diversify provision of CPR to the community rather than concentrating on the services of nurses. In terms of nursing role in provision of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has unique position in the provision of the crucial health service. Unlike Scotland, CPR has not been fully publicized in the Islamic world of Saudi Arabia (Rello 2007, 65). The community at large has not heard of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. As a result, few numbers of certificated have been provided to the community to provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation nursing care. The lack of certification and apparent nursing qualifications for the provision of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is apparently due to lack of materials in Arabic and other common languages in Saudi Arabia such as Malay, Hindu, Urdu and Indonesian. Additionally, there are lack of heart associations in the Arabic world. The lack of nursing associations that may apply for certifications to provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation services and provide CPR activities in line with ILCOR makes association between heart-related healthcare services in Saudi Arabia and other countries with expanse expertise in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation difficult and often impossible (Rello 2007, 65). There is an underdeveloped provision of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation nursing services due to lack of association between heart-related healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia and providers of the same services in other countries such as Canada, Britain and America. Contrary to the unpublicized and little known CPR in nursing practice of Saudi Arabia, Scotland has a vast knowledge of CPR (Irwin & Rippe 2010, 83). As mentioned before, the country has well established healthcare system and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation research centers. There are no language barriers that may hinder the teaching and training of relevant individuals and institutions on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Strong Islamic beliefs over death have affected Saudi Arabian beliefs and stands on Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the nursing practices associated with the program in the Arabian world. According to the Quran, “Every Soul shall have a taste of Death” (Gregory & Andropoulos 2012, 75). In addition, Muslims believe that no soul dies other than by the will of God. The Saudi Arabian populations believe that no other forces determine the death of human beings other than the will and permission of God. Given that Saudi Arabia consists of more than 90% Muslim believers, beliefs about Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a practice that attempts to lengthen the life of one deemed on his last stages of life suffer greatly from the Islamic beliefs (Kulkarni 2003, 20). The beliefs go beyond the general beliefs of the public to affect the nursing practices of nurses. Medical practitioners who have strong belief in the religious systems are thus opponents of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Vincent 2010, 32). As such, CPR for adults does not thrive in the nursing fraternity of Saudi Arabia as much as it does in the Scotland scenario. Adult CPR in Scotland Adult CPR in Saudi Arabia The nursing practice is publicized and known to health practitioners and the pubic Publicity of the practice is limited The rationality of health practitioners allows for a broader perspective on PCR and tolerates the practice Affected by religious beliefs of the region that death comes at the right time and shall not be averted Policies regarding PCR are established and protect the rights of the patients as they guard their ultimate benefits Policies regarding PCR are established and protect the rights of the patients as they guard their ultimate benefits From the discussion, it is evident that Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) has immense importance in both Saudi Arabia and Scotland. Although both countries have commendable frameworks for adult CPR, Saudi Arabian nursing scenario in CPR has suffered drawbacks and stunted development given the beliefs of its vast Islamic community. 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L., THYGERSON, S. M., GULLI, B., & PIAZZA, G. M. (2012). CPR and AED. Sudbury, MA, Jones & Bartlett Learning. Read More