Nursing Practice. Roy Adaptation Model - Research Paper Example

? Roy Adaptation Model Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) can be categorized as one of the most constructive conceptual frameworks that direct nursing practice, research and influences education. RAM pursues the individual’s adaptation to changeable environment and guides the assessment of individual’s adaptation. Roy adaptation theory is grounded оn the humanistic approach for valuing interpersonal relations and the aspiration of attaining dignity and integrity. The theory’s main concepts encompass aspects such as adaptation, person, environment, health and nursing. Adaptation is defined by RAM as the process and outcome, in which thinking and feeling of persons utilize conscious awareness to fashion integration between human perception and their environment. The paper explores the efficacy and application of Roy Adaptation Mode within the nursing practice. Roy Adaptation Model # 1a Summary of the Theory Roy’s adaptation model was advanced by Sr. Callista Roy and sums up as one of the broadly applied nursing models in nursing practice, education and research. The theory approaches nursing as the science that broadens adaptive abilities and promotes individual and environmental alteration. According to RAM, nursing goals pursue promotion of adaptation for persons and groups in four adaptive modes that contribute in the promotion of health, quality of life and dying with dignity (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). Adaptation in this case is manifested by four interconnected modes of behavior: physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes. RAM promotes nurse’s capabilities to enhance a person’s interaction with the environment to avail of an effective adaptation. According to RAM, an individual is described as an adaptive system capable of responding to diverse internal and external environment stimuli whether positively or negatively (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). Individual’s reactions to any environmental alterations are subject to their coping processes. #1b Relevant/ Usefulness of Theory The significance of RAM is mainly registered in nursing studies spotlighting individual’s adaptation secondary to certain therapeutic protocol, such as adaptation essential to changes linked to treatments of illnesses. Roy adaptation model (RAM) is useful as it guides nursing practice and avails scientific knowledge for practice. The model has been essential in organizing nursing education, clinical assessment and intervention (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). RAM comes out as an applicable, flexible and valuable model that can be employed in diverse aspects of nursing research. #1c Limitations of the Theory RAM has inspired the development of various middle range nursing theories. RAM arrangement of concepts is logical; however, the empirical precision of some terms and concepts is inadequate to mirror nursing disciplines. This may decrease the clarity of the model when employed in any specialized area of practice. The theory manifests explicit assumptions. These include the individual is mainly a bio-psycho-social being; the individual is in a continuous interaction with a changing environment; in order to cope with the changing world, individual usually employ both innate and acquired mechanisms that are characteristically biological, psychological and social; health and illness are un avoidable dimensions in an individual’s life and in order to react positively to environmental changes, individuals must adapt (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). # 2a Articles from the Nursing Literature that discusses RAM The application of RAM differs from one design to another depending on the predicted goals and the form of adaptation level required for monitoring. In the outlined studies, RAM plays a critical role in shaping research direction and the adaptation of participants. Huang, Carter & Guo (2004) study sought to estimate daytime sleepiness and measure factors unsettling the adaptation of sleep loss during the early postpartum period. The study utilized quantitative and descriptive/cross sectional design with a sample of 163 first-time mothers. The study utilized four adaptive modes as outlined by RAM. The employment of RAM as an organizational framework identifies both the degree and nature of difficulties in adaptation to sleep loss. The study findings details that depressed mothers manifested poorer sleep experience than non-depressed ones (Huang et al., 2004). Higher level of depression were manifested in mothers experiencing more sleep disturbances, short sleep duration and enhanced daytime dysfunctions. Poirer (2007) study sought to examine the factors that might influence a patient’s capability to undertake their normal activities while under radiation therapy (Poirier, 2007). The study utilized quantitative, longitudinal design that sampled 77 adult patients. The concepts employed in the study encompass the role function mode, the physiologic mode and contextual stimuli. The study utilized RAM as an organizational framework, especially in the study design and the selection of variables. The study findings details that site treatment –related side effects, fatigue, presence of comorbidities, solitary living, radiation and being on chemotherapy as some of the factors that influenced patient’s capability to undertake their normal activities (Poirier, 2007). # 2b Critique on the Application the Theory Nursing knowledge is mainly continuing, which places RAM to constant change or modification. Nevertheless, some of the advanced notions of the theory manifest simplicity. The utilization of the model in the outlined articles manifests a limited cope, which limits the generality of the theory in probing the subject matter. However, when viewed holistically, the application of the model in the studies manifests a broader perspective and manifests enhanced clarity and empirical precision (Poirier, 2007). # 3 Description of a Clinical Practice Issue within the Work Setting RAM is an effective guideline to the delivery of nursing care. RAM has demonstrated a robust theoretical and conceptual framework in studies probing the consequences of some medical treatment. This incorporates gathering data regarding the patient's behavior based on the outlined adaptive modes; physiologic needs, self-concept, role function and inter dependence (Shosha & Al Kalaldeh, 2012). The case details a patient, Ms. Liz, was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus five years ago. The core task hinged on evaluating Ms. Liz medical data, coping strategies (adaptive), knowledge of the patient’s medical condition, the capability to appreciate personal habits, internal and external stressors that team up towards deterring Ms. Liz from attaining optimum health. My goals as the nurse were to assist Ms. Liz develop a successful adaptive system towards health and illness. The clinical data from Mrs. Liz revealed that her family possesses a history of type 2 diabetes and mild hypertension. I recognized that Ms. Liz was dealing with three potentially, stressful and life changing events, becoming the sole care giver of her two young children, recently divorced and moving to a new residential status. My goal, as per RAM, is to comprehend how Ms. Liz life used to be and how she used to feel regarding her divorce, how she now feels regarding her family system and residential situation. After this understanding, the next step details structuring a nursing care plan with Ms. Liz towards aiding her attain control of her type 2 diabetes, keep her hypertension under control, assist her to make better meals choices, enhance physical activity and deter depression. RAM was employed to aid Ms. Liz understand her physical health and coping mechanism, highlight external stimuli and avail of insights on the way of dealing with negative stimuli, besides aiding her realize her potential (Shosha & Al Kalaldeh, 2012). # 3b Significance of this Theory to the Philosophy of Nursing RAM approach has had a phenomenal impact on my perception of the interrelationship between person, health, environment and nursing. RAM approach bears the potential to influence nursing practice and patient outcomes. RAM has been essential in shaping nursing philosophy as the discipline and practice that develops adaptive capabilities and promoting person and environment transformation. RAM has had a significant influence of my perception on the nursing process and employment of problem solving approach for gathering data, highlighting the capabilities and the necessity of the human adaptive system, formulating and executing approaches for nursing care and assessment of the result of care availed of (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). As a nursing theory, RAM has driven the development of nursing and propelled the discipline in the footsteps of other disciplines such as medicine. # 4 Nursing Philosophy, Conceptual Model or theory The analysis of Roy’s Adaptation Model has heralded a more holistic and concise understanding of the nursing philosophy. In a special way, RAM has affirmed the notion that theory and practice are related and that the core nursing goals is to sponsor adaptation for persons and groups in the four adaptive modes, hence facilitating health, quality of life and dying with dignity (Shosha & Al Kalaldeh, 2012). Conclusion Roy Adaptive Model has proved effective in the majority of the patient care settings right from intensive care settings to home health care. The RAM shapes a consistent nursing process that guides nursing practice towards the provision of a holistic care for patients. RAM has played a central function in aiding nursing research. RAM makes available a path to help in the understanding of human behavior that bears interest to nursing and spotlighting interventions that facilitate wellbeing of the society. References Clarke, P., Barone, S., Hanna, D. & Senesac, P. (2011). Roy’s adaptation model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24 (4), 337-344. Huang, C., Carter, P. & Guo, J. (2004). A comparison of sleep and sleepiness in depressed and non-depressed mothers during the early postpartum period. Journal Nursing Research, 12, 287-295. Poirier, P. (2007). Factors affecting performance of usual activities during radiation therapy. Oncology Nursing Forum, 34, 827-834. Shosha, G. & Al Kalaldeh, M. (2012). A critical analysis of using Roy’s adaptation model in nursing research. International Journal of Academic Research, 4 (4), 26-31. Read More