Philosophy Essays

However, there are several others who disagree with this idea and believe that abortion is morally permissible since a fetus is just an insubstantial material with no actual life of its own as it is dependent completely on its mother’s body for endurance.

Aquinas’ cosmological argument begins with an objection that concludes that God does not exist, and this is followed by the contention that there is no need to suppose God’s existence because everything is simply human reason or will. However, Aquinas quotes from the Book of Exodus in the Bible a statement that contradicts the first two conclusions.

When analyzing freedom, one can look at the term from the aspects of captivity and liberty. The situation, circumstance, or environment that a person may be in is the definitive aspect of freedom. For a person that is incapacitated, freedom can simply mean moving around. However, the freedom of movement can also act as a determining factor of the existence or non-existence of freedom.

The principle of locality states that an object is influenced by its immediate location. The principle is instrumental in quantum mechanics to studies phenomenon that cannot be explained by Newtonian mechanic. Locality is a realism property, which asserts that an objects needs not to be visible for it to be in action (Louisa, 2008).

Therefore, different things should portray human feelings towards them from the way they handle them. They also serve the role of manifesting the owners’ status in society (Norman, 2004). Therefore, marketers who rely on social media as a marketing avenue should invoke human feelings in order to appeal to them to purchase them.

According to the paper , opinions of human beings reveal the differences between the inherent traits engraved in humans regarding their perspectives on moral beauty. It’s sure that people observe and appreciate moral beauty in terms of vision, tastes, the senses of touch, taste, smell as well as hearing.

It is found that Dretske’s response to Chisholm that all intentional states tend to have a purely physical cause is generally found to be invalid mainly because it is seen to not take into consideration the aspect of mental states that can essentially be classified as being intentional and have causal roles.  

“What’s Your Dangerous Idea?”. The earliest scientists and modern thinkers have always formulated theories and discovered things that have challenged almost everything that the society values that range from ideas that have both negative and positive consequences.

This paper discusses the thesis that upon analyzing the drama, it becomes clear that Sophocles indeed exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero through the key elements of Oedipus’ hamartia getting more than what is deserved and the plot epitomizes tragedy through imitation, arousal of pity and fear in the audience and finally the experience of catharsis.

The fact that pain exists and animals are doomed to suffer it is the first contrivance of evil in Gods supposed creation, through pain and pleasure animals are forced to become vigilant as they engage in the never ending routine of self-preservation.

However, this improvement appears to be on the miniscule scale of drawing a cartoon face or taking “his thumb out of his mouth for minutes at a time” (187). Mrs. Adler cannot promise Harry a cure, or a normal life for his son. She fails to give him a definite assurance that Tommy was “ever going to be like everybody else” (189).

There are no written records from Socrates himself. However, most of the knowledge and teachings from Socrates are available to modern-day readers from the dialogues that he held with his famous pupil, by the name Plato, who lived in the periods of 427 BC to 347 BC.  Also, more knowledge about the teachings and life of Socrates is available through the memoirs of Xenophon (Aristophanes, Irvine, and Plato 14).

Critical Pedagogy Perspective of Education. In my own understanding, critical pedagogy approach to learning is the form of schooling in which the learner freely chose what is best for him or her. Critical Pedagogy approach of learning combines the twin effect of what the learner is taught and what he or she learns.

Budeau and Marshal hold that the death penalty is morally wrong regardless of the crime committed by the offender. Both opponents of the death penalty have suggested that when analyzing whether a certain crime fits a given punishment, one must look at the impact of the punishment. This includes both the criminal and the society at large.

In work "On Liberty Mil" the author wanted to defend a freedom of an individual. The mechanisms of behavioral templates creation and transformation of norms of morality are described by Mill. The set moral values are not bad because they are bad, but because they are established and usually imposed on citizens

The book Socrates meets Descartes portrays the interaction between Socrates and Descartes through dialogues which actually symbolize the meeting of the historical account of basic philosophical ideas with the account of Western culture. Descartes here is the interviewee of Socrates and their discourse is quite reflective with deep insights.

Words carry important literal and symbolic meanings. When Former US President George W. Bush termed three Muslim countries as the ‘axes of evil’ (The Economist, 2002) created furore in the Muslim world and became a cause of tensed diplomatic relations with several countries.

But the people who derive inspirations from pornographic materials are creating problems in the society. We know that guns can be used for constructive and destructive purposes. The person who uses the gun makes it constructive or destructive. Same way, as in the case of guns, pornography also has some positive and negative elements as far is its impact on the society is concerned.

Death is not an enemy to be conquered or a prison to be escaped. It is an integral part of our lives that gives meaning to human existence. According to one of the philosophers, Jasper “death is something is unimaginable, really something unthinkable”. In order to understand death from a wider concept, we can analyze the philosophy of Jasper on this issue.

The Confucian system was that referring to family standards, which takes precedence, often requires hypocrisy in the public domain with lying an accepted means of protecting the domain, family, and maintaining the family reputation. These factors resulted in numerous problems that starting eroding the foundations of the Confucian system of thought

The most widespread debate that has been taking place in the U.S. is whether the descendants of slavery and the slave trade should receive retributions. Certainly, there are assertions that can be heard regarding slaver outside the United States—particularly as it certainly still happens today—where people are used as a guarantee on debt, forced labor, and chattel slavery.

Along with Sandler, the co-actors Henry Winkler, Jerry Reed, Kathy Bates and Fairuza Balk appear in the film. The film is an extraordinary effort of an under-estimated boy who turns himself from a stuttering water-boy to a fierce linebacker in the college football team.

Recently, however, it has switched positions, and begun offering many courses exclusively in Arabic rather than exclusively in English, a decision that has caused both “elation and worries” among Qataris both in and outside of the university (Haroon).

The body theory states that we usually use human body criteria to identify ourselves time and again. Schick and Vaughn believed that in the case of a person changing his or her body with another, it doesn’t change but it remains to be the same person therefore it can be the person’s body that makes the change.

The idea of the declaration of independence was produced by the continental congress in quest of a strategy in the unification of the document. The document outlines the effects and causes of the colonizers and revolution in gaining support from the surrounding nations in case Britain was to use weapons of mass destruction.

Furthermore, after the analysis of Moor’s particular theory with relation to privacy and how it impacts upon the way that law has grown, expanded, and changed to fit the understood needs of our current era, this author will also seek to provide a bit of commentary on whether Moor’s understanding and rational for such a definition is in keeping with reality or whether it stands to be more concretely or less explicitly defined.

Wealth redistribution’s effect, as well as its desirability, has been an active area of debate on the grounds of its economic and ethical suitablity. Redistribution of wealth involves property nationalization, taxation, or public programs that involve its redistribution that include inheritance tax, land reform, eminent domain, as well as various provisions that are included in family law.

The sheer numbers of parodies with claims of originality attached is infinite, yet mysterious. Needless to say, the character of the modern era hinges upon what requires no defense.

Therefore, she was in a dilemma regarding whether or not to keep up with her husband’s work when he finally succumbed to death. Before Dorothea came up with her decision, she asked herself whether she would want to annoy her husband, Mr. Casaubon, or not.

The argument for moral equality is primarily one of the Christian faith; all human beings should be loved, accepted, forgiven, and treated justly regardless of circumstance. Those who consider this moral equality a demand from God through their faith are often able to distance themselves emotionally from staggering criminal acts in order to avoid feelings of hatred, revenge, or rage.

Morpheus is sure referring to the Matrix as the dream world, as he is certain that the real world exists, which is what makes Plato’s point to hold true that we cannot claim that we know something if we also claim that we do not believe it (Author 41). Morpheus believes that Neo is a slave as far as the Matrix exists. 

Ultimately, in seeking to define nihilism, it must be understood that the term itself comes from Latin. At its most basic dictionary level of interpretation, nihilism can be understood as a belief or philosophy in/concerning “nothing”. Many individuals have wrongly understood this to mean that nihilism involves a belief or tacit acceptance of nothingness.

It emphasizes the fact that the fires and plane crushes were the main cause of the collapse of the buildings. They continued further to explain that once the initiation of collapse had been initiated the global collapse of the structure was unavoidable. However, other analysts have deferred to this notion and they have categorically stated it.

His main area of interest in philosophy was on “The Origin of Our Ideas and Skepticism about Causal Reasoning.” His emphasis was on the difference between impression and thoughts or ideas, which are the two basic categories of the human mind perception (Hume 120).

In his essay titled 'Of conspiracy theories', the author Brian Keeley discusses certain epistemological issues pertaining to conspiracy theories. He argues that there are certain features that are shared by most conspiracy theories, which make them irrational to accept. 

Shestov criticizes the assumptions that Schopenhauer takes for granted while formulating his analyses of the condition of man. The distinction between the individual man and the collective is clearly laid out by Schopenhauer. The beginning and the end of man is taken as a given that cannot be refuted is also a basis for any future argument.

I will then explain how behaviorist B.F. Skinner might object to this methodology. Finally, I will address some possible responses to Skinner that Piaget could use to defend the scientific integrity of his experiments.

Confucianism is one of the ancient Chinese religions, which was named after Confucius. Confucius was a great philosopher who put his efforts for the revival of religious values, customs, and traditions. The religion of Confucianism focuses on the God, the traditions of ancestors, and the presence of angels.

What is utilitarianism? Brandt and Williams are great philosophers of utiliatarianism. Williams suggested that consequentialism has been popular and perceived to be rational in various societies due to a false impression and refusal of non-consequentialist ideologies.

Aristotle viewed ethical theory as a discipline distinct from the theoretical sciences. Its methodology must be in line with its subject matter or good action. It is significant to note that people study ethics in order to upgrade and improve their lives; therefore, its major concern is about the nature of human well-being.

It was Berlin who granted that the two concepts of liberty represent legitimate human deals and that all of them are vital in any civilized and free society. According to Berlin, positive liberty entails action and that which one has to do in order to protect his or her own freedom from his or her own passions and self.

However, people can also derive ethical standards based on a concept of duty from philosophical principles. John’s social contract theory furnishes a very vital example of formalism that influences thinking about personal ethics. This theory concerns itself with systems of establishing a way that people can use to construct a just society given the many inequalities in wealth, social status, and knowledge.

It means that certain kind of humans attain happiness by the use of the material possessions, while others seek happiness in the deeds. This range of the happiness is one of the finer points of life that needs to be taken into the consideration. The scriptures have mentioned about the necessity of the divine presence for the happiness of humans.

The report stated that the Maryland Governor waited for the state’s final call on the racial discrimination in the death sentence cases whereas in Illinois the death penalty system has come to a revamp stage. In 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court was to announce the law of executing disturbed or retarded guardians. The issue of capital punishment, more specifically the death penalty.

The values, morals as well as the ethics of any individual are tied together; thus in guiding the judgment. Values are often what people learn from their childhood as well as the lessons from the surroundings whereas the morals of a person are the inherent beliefs developed from the value system that guide how an individual should behave in the everyday situations.

What is Death? Even a cursory perusal of the varied schools of philosophy, either mystical or analytical, ancient or contemporary, and the very dynamics of human commonsense, amply testify to the fact that human understanding and conceptualization of the phenomena largely unexplainable do always proceed from the known to the unknown.

Gregor, the hard-working son, one day woke up with some difficulties getting up thinking he was sick. However, he was soon to find out that he had turned out into an animal that his parents did not dare to look at and could not understand. Although in his mind, Gregor was speaking clearly to his family, all he sounded like to his parents and sister was the sound of an animal.

Socrates was a Greek Athenian thinker, famous for his work on philosophy, including some plays, and also as the tutor of pupils like Plato. The Apology is a document written by Plato in which he has noted down the apology Socrates made when he was put on trial due to certain accusations put against him. 

The objective of this essay is to obtain a critical view to the issue of affirmative action giving an account to both pros and cons associated with the application of such policies. Furthermore, it also intends to present the current view or perception perceived by people in general regarding the issue explaining reasons to accept such ideologies.

The author states that injustice occurs in different manners mainly through discrimination based on race, sex, religion and sexual preference. These are the major reasons as to why justice cannot be easily achieved in the United States. Racial discrimination is practised in many facets of the American society.