Psychology Essays

However, it should be noted that even though the main theories of motivation which have gained recognition could not adequately suffice as each has its own set of strengths and weaknesses. This paper will examine two major theories of motivation namely Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the equity theory.

By definition, psychomotor skills refer to how the physical body responds to stimuli found in the environment.  These are complex movements born out of the repeated practice of various actions (e.g., driving, typing, or throwing a ball), and are measured to check an individual’s ability and development. 

Yet in India, the practice is frowned upon and can result in severe social sanctions. Prostitutes can openly display their wares and market their vocation in the Netherlands, but in the United States, that same activity could result in a prison term. These cases are examples of a social group or culture making a moral judgment on behavior.

According to the research findings, it can be said that Attribution Theory focuses on how people while utilizing their common sense, account for their own and others’ thoughts and actions while attribution biases concern with commonsense explanations of moral development. Attributions are those grounds of human personality, which distinguishes one individual from another.

The author explains that the purpose of stroop test is to measure how effectively the human brain works in association with the mental tasks assigned to it. Especially with Stroop test the mental ability of a person involving attention, automatic processing and response selection is clearly assessed.

During the 1980’s the Cognitive Therapist joined forces with the Behaviour Therapist to modify people’s inaccurate beliefs. The two therapies merged to work hand in hand, which led to much research being conducted in recent years. This helped to advocate the development of cognitive-behavioral interventions for psychosis (Haddock & Slade, 1996). 

Health psychology is the application of psychological theory and research to health, illness, and health care, which deals with individual behavior in the social context. Psychosocial aspects and determinants are kept in consideration to understand human behavior. It also tries to understand and promote behavioral changes.

Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene (MH) Theory and other current literature on employee retention were used as a basis to investigate the high turnover rate of sales consultants at a group of security companies. The nominal group technique was used to determine whether certain intrinsic and extrinsic factors are influencing the retention of sales consultants.

The time when such a condition normally exists is during sleep. During sleep, the cerebral EEG periodically alternates between desynchronization (D sleep) and synchronization (S sleep). Correspondent with these EEG changes is a periodic alternation between sleep with rapid eye movements (REM sleep) and sleep without rapid eye movements.

Individuals will often select behaviors regardless of positive or negative outcomes if they are so motivated, and selfish, self-seeking motivations are often at the core of what motivates individuals to disregard the consequences of their actions. Self-affirmation is also a fuzzy indicator, which must have other elements as a foundation.

A social class is a population in a society who have similar social, economic, cultural, educational, and quality of life characteristics. Individuals are typically conscious of their class such that politics are often driven by the largest and/or most wealthy classes of society.

Specifically, the behavioural approach assumes that all behaviour is learned or conditioned, and can be explained in terms of principles of reinforcement. " The gap between normal and abnormal behaviour is reduced, since both are viewed within the same general framework"

As the discussion, Kurt Lewin Planned Change Theories, stresses ambulance services are very necessary especially in times of emergency and the response that the service provider gives to a call, determines the consequences to follow. In case of a delay, a sick person may die and if speed and efficiency are prioritized, a life maybe saved. 

This paper "The Social Effects of the Design of Social Spaces" provides ample evidence that some aspects of humanity can be controlled by effectively controlling environments. The literature also suggests that individuals who are aware of the effects that social space design can have may be better equipped to live healthy lives.

The original research, by Deese, gives lists of words whose association is probability ranked. Brainerd & Wright base their forwards associative strength (FAS) and backward associative strength (BAS) forgetting that the lists are associatively forward linked, i.e.

I guess I did get a lot out of this exercise. Firstly, the most important lesson that I learned was that I should be thankful that I have a properly functioning brain and that I should be more sensitive towards people who do not. I said a silent prayer for my cousin and even left a message for him on his cell phone asking him to hang out with me.     

The researchers should seek to give ways in which the children have excelled in their moral development and at the same time seek ways of informing the children how they can change in the development. The same message should be given to the parents and teachers as recommendations arising from the study.

40 students were tested and the study came out to be not significantly different as compared to the original study. Marks and grades secured remain the main index judging the performance of a student, which though has a big say in determining the future rise of the student in work related to his field of study, but is not always entirely dependant on it.

Brain regions dedicated to human face processing include the amygdala, fusiform face area, the occipital face area, a region of the ventromedial temporal cortex, and the superior temporal sulcus. These brain regions allow us to identify and store patterns for thousands of individual faces.

Despite following the rules, the schools are still lying far behind the way to anti-discrimination policies and practices. The paper discusses those ways in which they distinguish their children while fitting them into the characteristics of ‘normal’ or ‘disabled’. These characteristics are evident from the statistics collected from various sites.

Two other stages of development are less important to the development of the basic personality structure if compared with the earlier stages. The latent stage is characterized by relative calmness: this is the period of formation of Ego-structure, including such concepts as shame, disgust, and moral values. 

Kiryacou and Sutcliffe (1978) defined occupational stress as the experience of unpleasant emotions, such as tension, frustration, anxiety, anger, and depression (as referred to in Anderson 2001: 94). George Bernard Shaw distinguished labor and leisure thus: "Labour is doing what we must; leisure is doing what we like". 

Stress affects all of us in today’s society. This proposal discusses a paper which will cover the medical effects of stress, which includes increases in obesity, depression and heart disease. It will also discuss various ways of dealing with stress, whether “natural,” or “non-natural,” which can include drugs, medical devices.

The biopsychosocial (BPS) model in healthcare stresses the need for approaching illnesses and disorders holistically. Usually, medical professionals would usually limit themselves to understanding illnesses thru the lens of science especially that of biology. The model considers the health and disorders of human beings as the result not only of biological failure or invasion but also of psychological and social environment by which he is immersed

Consider the worker who eats "junk" food, smokes cigarettes, and drinks alcohol as a means of coping with stress at work (Ross & Altmaier, 1997). More positive interventions promoted at the individual level consist of secondary prevention efforts that help individuals alter the ways they respond to work-related stressors.

In these cases, determining the kind of instruments and the recommendations it provides is the main factor why this kind of instruments, though similar in nature differs with their uses and the procedures. In fact, the main goal of these tests boils down to one thing- to determine the intelligence of a certain individual.

One of the reasons for children and adolescents is suspected weakness in themselves or in others. They try to cover up their weaknesses by aggressive behavior and showing the power personally. If a student is found weak mentally or in aspect of human or common intelligence then the surrounding adolescents whoever are aggressive in nature start subject them into bullying.

The author states that the loss is fairly gradual, so it may not be noticed immediately. The amount of hearing loss depends on the intensity of the sound, the duration of the sound, and how often the person experiences the sound. Hearing loss can be long-term, or short-term, depending on the above three instances.

Man's mind is a very complex labyrinth of ideas, perceptions, schemas, and many other things which makes him the most rational being ever created. In this light, many thinkers, dating back from the ancient era have already made attempts in studying the manner by which man think and acts.

The author will prove that the human brain has often been perceived as the source of all cognitive processes, but there has always been a general misconception that human behavior and human emotions were dictated by other metaphysical factors such as the human soul or spirit. We have always been hesitant to accept the notion that complex feelings and behavior could be attributed directly to the biochemical and physical condition of our brains.

These famous people have a family member who is affected by this condition. According to the National Down Syndrome Society (2009), Down syndrome is most common single cause of human birth defects and the most commonly occurring chromosomal condition. One in every 733 babies is born with Down syndrome.

However, although it avoids the problems of taking a deterministic view of human behavior there are still many fundamental problems with it as a method of pastoral care.  It is not rooted in the same epistemology as Christianity and disagrees with fundamental points such as original sin, God is the center of everything, the Christian story, and the moral system of Christians.

The author states that having both perspectives cleared, a good and fair conclusion may be drawn. The fundamentals of nature and nurture were chosen for it would best describe behaviorism. For cognitive psychology, the fundamentals of good and evil serve to explain its point. Behaviorist believes that people act in reaction with his environment.

Cоntingency аddresses the uncоntrоllаbility оf the situаtiоn. Cоgnitiоn refers tо the аttributiоns thаt peоple mаke regаrding their situаtiоn оr surrоundings оf which they аre а pаrt. Behаviоr аllоws individuаls tо decide whether they will give up оr prоceed with the оbstаcle set before them (Petersоn, Mаier, & Seligmаn, 1993).

Most studies in comparative psychology revolve around cognitive abilities or social interactions with other animals or with humans. These types of studies often revolve around determining whether or not certain animals are able to solve problems using the same types of reasoning a human would use.

The author states out the main theories in the sphere of human relations. Modern management can tabulate the needs of the individual and address them, there is no reason to believe that motivation cannot be achieved. Also, there is a rising focus for modern management theories to focus on the individual and his needs to deal with motivation.

There can be very little doubt that evil is in existence, it is believed that “evil sceptics” should not be cynical concerning morality. Moreover, they might as well be complete realists concerning moral properties as well as propositions instead of stating that evil people are not in existence or by stating that such people may be very few.

What particularly interests me, nevertheless, is the section that has guided me to a series of introspection as I examine ‘the way I am’ in the light of understanding the manner by which I engage with my community. Primarily, it was at home and through the people by blood relation that, like majority of people do, I manage to have gradually established my real character.

Sigmund Freud defines fixation as those emotional or psychological disorders, which are somehow created during the first three stages of sexual behavior, in childhood. When this childish attitude starts influencing adults, in the form of habits fixation occurs, in a limited amount of regression in an adult it is a normal aspect of mental life.

Tying our development to how we handled a new situation was critical in his work. Assimilation of the new experience into our life was the weakest part of cognitive development according to Piaget. His work started by not being able to adapt our current experiences with anything was the true growth in our intellect.

The overall hypothesis for this study was supported in that women and men differed in their patterns of perception of their actual and ideal body image. Women’s average rating of their perceived ideal body-image was lower compared to that or their perceived actual body-image, and so the first hypothesis was supported.

A person with BPD typically exhibits abnormal levels of instability in mood, because this disorder is noted for depth and inconsistency of moods. According to DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder, it is a “pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image affects, and control over impulses beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts…”

Foucault’s work on subjectivity, governmentality, and space has been highly influential in shaping an understanding of the relationship between issues of space and identity. Foucault developed the theory of disciplinary power in which he describes the unique relationship between the process of madness and the process of being imprisoned.

Several social service groups are now working to help address problems caused by complicated personal, as well as systemic issues. Social work is indeed one profession, which continues to strengthen, support, advocates and also develop theories aligned to the needs of vulnerable people. 

You have likely heard advice on the subject. Commit time to your children. Listen to them. Give them sound guidance. Empathize with them, sharing their joys and sorrows. Be a true friend to them without relinquishing your authority as a parent. Of course, such oft-repeated principles will help parents to do their job well.

The main intention for this assessment module is to stabilize the psychological state of David and help him cope with depression as he tries to get rid of it. This will greatly facilitate his recuperation initiatives and at the same time it will also help him to understand the challenges of parenting alone, educate him on the importance of flexibility of a parent when taking the necessary tasks of parenting in the absence of the former parent, the well-being of the children in relation to perceived irresponsibility by the other parent and how children are handled during contact visits.

The author states that there are many forms of connectionism, but the most common forms use neural network models. Connectionist networks have been used to model a wide range of cognitive phenomena, including developmental, neuropsychological, and normal adult behaviors. A mental phenomenon is described by an interconnected network of simple units.

 There are many different goals for educating young children with developmental disabilities. At the root of these goals are societal desires and expectations about the benefits of education of all children and assumptions about what is important and what is possible to teach children with these disorders.

Gestalt therapy originates from the psychology body of Gestalt psychology. In order to understand Gestalt therapy, one needs to grasp the fundamentals of the theory of Gestalt psychology. Gestalt psychology is a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog.

Different societies enable different levels of tolerance to others. Sedikides, Gaertner, and Toguchi (2003) assert that Westerners and Easterners self-enhance tactically. Westerners self-enhance on the attributes of perceived cultural idealism of individualism while Easterners self-enhance on the attributes of perceived cultural idealism of collectivism