Theories Of International Relations - Assignment Example

6 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (3 SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS) 1. Neorealism is a theory that revolves the lack of a central governing body among the nations in the world. The countries of the world are in the state of anarchy and are characterized by lack of orderliness. The theory says that all states are equal, and no state can purport to direct the affairs of another country (Slaughter, pp 2-7). Due to this independence from each other, the states are never interested in the happenings of another state. This theory can be seen as a classic case of self-preservation by the individual states. Therefore, one state can never subordinate its needs or interest, or jeopardize its interest be they economic or political in favour of another states interest. Each state will, therefore, do all it can to put itself in a position where it can protect itself from extinction. The theory further shows that there is little trust between and among states to assist each other in the event of a crisis (Walts,P.27). Constructivism is a theory that is based on interest and objects of states in the world. Unlike neorealism of 's. Constructivism to of is by of in of theirs. It is not; therefore, a case of utilitarianism but one for shared goals. The theory explains that there are many reasons why states will cooperate with each other. For instance where the security country in jeopardy the other countries likely assist in that state and evidence that and the supporting states acting self-preservation (Behrahesh, para 5-7). The two theories, therefore, are a diametrically opposite. One insisting on the concept of anarchy and self-preservation while the other making a case of shared interest and common objectives. Ministry of defence (2014) show that as the times change, there will be more insecurity will as a result of state attaching a lot of importance to the ideologies on the two issues. The states will tend to be more independent and therefore engage in detrimental activities. The states will tend to be more defensive, and the role of UN will be peripheral as states attempts to safeguard their position. This would be a manifestation of neorealism where each state formulates its ideologies regardless of the effect it may have on the states (Ministry of defence, 2014 pp, 16). However, it noted that the state can achieve the type challenges have emerged due the increasing insecurity and climate changes and tend have a joint strategy and cooperation end the day. This will result in a more constructivist approach to the international affairs (Ministry of defence, 2014 p 17). Q.2. Feminism and Neoliberal theories of International relations The feminist theory emphasizes that gender roles have a lot of influence in international politics. The theories posit that the difference roles played by either gender are not as a result of biological differentiation between men and women but the social stratification in terms of the function. There are different feminist theories. Some like liberal feminism want to ensure equal rights for women and men in education and economy. The theory shows that men are dangerously aggressive, and it is this aggressiveness that has caused international uncertainties (Templey, para 1-4). Further, the theory urges the need to look at world politics with a more gender sensitivity. This could be done by ensuring that the view of both men and women even when discussing war are put into perspective and taken care of. Feminists further argue that when there is the war as a result of lack of cooperation between states and failure to be gender cautious in making decisions, men dominated international politics engages in activities that leave women very vulnerable. Women are forced to do work that they will not be compensated for, for example caring for the injured. This is in contrast to men who are at war who get paid. Women are also forced to live in depravity. As a result of which they may engage in sex for payment. The war that could and can be avoided save for the lack of involvement of women or having gender conscious decisions in international decisions, result in a very high death of women than men. The women are also raped and are also may be conscripted in military bases to provide morale that is a very periphery role to women (Huseyn, p 2). Neoliberalism just like the feminist international relation theory, tend to explain also why nations never cooperate with each other. However, unlike the feminist theory which tends to explain the cause of lack of such cooperation as lack involvement of women and gender-conscious perspective, the Neoliberalism gives other reasons. They also tend to explain that the theory of neorealism though correct in is posting about anarchic nature of international relation; the influence of anarchy is given a very prominent role that it does not deserve. The theory says that there could be cooperation in decision making by creating other independent organs and institutions and normative rules of engagement (Keohane, p 10). The difference between the feminist theory of international law is the neoliberalism is the nature of cooperation. Feminist insist that there should be gender consciousness and giving women a prominent role while the neoliberalism insist that cooperation between and among states is through institutions and normative rules of engagement. Q.3. Critical theorists have different thinking regarding international relations. For example put Thomas Homer put forth the theory of social and economic instability to substantiate his argument. Theory asserts that the world is undergoing via tremendous dynamism. Such changes expose every human being including future generation to a substantial amount of risk/loss. Thomas there is to that will to with that are from into (Ministry of Defence, p.18). Some of the global threat that the world is likely to face include; unstable economic environment leading to inflation, changes in information technology, war and terrorism to mention just but a few. Instability of the economic situation may jeopardize the manner in which the business environment operates. The prices of raw materials and goods continue to skyrocket due to the inflation ally pressure and hence making it possible for the international organisation to transact (Robert, p.65). Further, Thomas Homer asserted that the new technology has caused the international relationship among nations of the world to change significantly. New technological dynamism have led to an increase in production and return enhanced the international relations among different nations in the world. However, technology has resulted in a rise in both environmental and economic insecurity. Numerous incidences of global terrorists have been reported around the world. Terrorist have embraced technology to advance their acts. Moreover, the international relations have been threatened by the new technology as nations continue to arm themselves ready for the war. This has created fear among the international partners (Thomas, para.5). Thomas Homer asserted that nations had continued to exercise higher spending. They had also continued to put forth strict business laws to safe guard their interest. Based on the arguments made by Thomas Homer it can be observed that his emphasis to cope with the discussed environmental dynamism are based on individual/personal efforts unlike another theorist where emphasize is placed on the government. Unlike that on, Thomas Homer on his in global (Ministry of Defence.16-19). Works Cited Behrahesh M, Constructivism: An introduction. 2011 Retrieved: http://www.e-ir.info/2011/02/03/constructivism-an-introduction/ on 14.12.2014. Huseyn Cavid. What is the Feminist Theory of International Relations? 2011. Keohane Robert. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton, 1984.Print. Ministry of Defence. Strategic Trend Programes: Global Strategic Trends-Out to 2040. Fourth Edition. United Kingdom.Web.2014. < https://www.gov.uk/Development-concepts-and-doctrine-centre>. Robert Jackson. The Annual Editions: Global Issues.30th Edition. Mc Graw Hill Education. 2014.Print. Slaughter. A, International Relations, Principal Theories. Retrieved on https://www.princeton.edu/.../722_IntlRel PrincipalT 14.12.2014. Temerly .A, The Feminist Perspective on Power, 2013 Retrieved: http://www.e-ir.info/2013/03/13/what-have-feminist-perspectives-contributed-to-our-understanding-of-power-in-the-discipline-of-international-relations/ on 15.12.2014 Thomas H.D. Theories & Biography.n.d.Web.2014.. Walts.K. Theory of international politics: Mc Graw Hill, New York: 1979.Print. Read More