Sexual exploitation of children - Research Paper Example

?NORTHCENTRAL ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: Michele L. Johnson THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Please Follow These Procedures: Ifrequested by your mentor, use an assignment cover sheet as the first page of the word processor file. The assignment header should include the Learner’s last name, first initial, course code, dash and assignment number (DoeJXXX000-1) justified to the left and the page number justified to the right. Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy of Your Assignments: Your may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so. Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in academic dismissal. BTM7102-8-4 Steven Munkeby, Mentor Business Research Methods Draft a Research Problem Draft a Research Problem Michele Johnson Northcentral University July 15, 2012 Draft a Research Problem Statement of the Problem Research indicates that sexual exploitation of children is a prevalent occurrence. It was anticipated that there are 250,000 and 300,000 cases of sexual ill-treatment of innocent persons each year in the world. The expected number of sex exploitation victims around the world is above 60 million. Although numbers of this extent shock people, they are noted to be most effective in the case of child interests. Several researches have been carried out on juvenile sex offenders. Even though these efforts have revealed vital information about this populace, each of these kids is unique. Possibly, the only assertion that is dependably true for every juvenile sex offender is that the character and succession of behavior can differ tremendously from one person to another. Apprehension about sexual criminals among juveniles has increased radically within the last few years. This concern has been influenced by the increasing number of sexual crimes committed by teenagers, the fact that the sufferers are predominately kids, and reports that numerous adult sex offenders began entrusting sexual offenses as adolescents (Ryan et al., 2006). The problem to be addressed in the proposed study is in the year of 2010 the United States had over 300,000 reported sex offenses by adults that had been involved in juvenile sex offenses, which implies adult wrongdoings may begin in adolescents. However, the premise is unfounded because a relationship between adult sex offenses and sexual abuse originations in juveniles has not been established (Ryan et al., 2006). The society’s anxiety about juvenile sex lawbreaker has put massive anxiety on the juvenile rightfulness system to take counteractive action. As a consequence, policies have had to be created for the management of youth convicted with present or previous sex offenses. The attitude that direct policy and exercise exerts is that youths who pledge sex offenses are in one way or another “dissimilar” from other criminal offenders, and need dedicated services, particularly “specific offence” management, in order to stop chances of reoffends. Contradictory to this viewpoint is the disagreement that young sex offenders have an “unrelenting tendency” and ought to be brought out for more strict sanctions based on their offense activities. This research will evaluate and assess whether adult sex offenders originate from victims of juvenile sexual abuse. The statement implies your research will look for a yes or no answer, which is not appropriate for a doctoral student. Literature review Juvenile sex offenders have unique individualities, although share a lot of more uniqueness with non-sex wrongdoer. The sex offenders were considerably more likely to have been sufferers of sexual mistreatment than those who are non-sex offenders. They were also more liable to be analyzed as having chief psychological dysfunctions, to require health or health education, to have no age peer relationships, and to have challenges with sexual distinctiveness. Infantile sex offenders may encompass a “concealed” population that more intimately resembles normative juvenile populations than criminal populations on a figure of variables connected to problem activities. The young sex offenders were more likely to have been performing effectively in aforementioned school. They were less expected to have prior sincerity of any sort, and had minimal convictions. The sex criminals were far less expected to be making use of drugs and alcohol than those that are non-sex offenders (Ryan et al., 2006). Research studies have presented sex offenders to be at a lower threat of reoffending throughout the follow-up cycle, than those who are not sex offenders. These studies reveal that none of the sex lawbreaker was condemned of another sexual wrongdoing during the follow-up cycle. When the sex lawbreaker executed new offenses, they were non-violent, and non- sexual offenses (Ryan et al., 2006). The costs forced by adolescent sex criminal are substantial, not only to those imposed on crime sufferers and community as a whole, but also those forced on criminals and their relatives. Consequently, suitable interventions are mandatory- supervision and management approach is obligatory, taking into account their developmental requirements as well as their antisocial behaviours. As with other antisocial behaviours, early involvement can be significant (Kobayashi et al, 1995). Regrettably, many used to take care of adolescents who have committed sex offences and were quick to apply involvement derived from our information on adult sex criminal without sufficient attention to the exclusive developmental requirements of youth (Righthand et al, 2001). Research proposes that teenager sexual offenders are more liable to replicate the behaviors they had practiced as victims. Conversely, the sufferers were more likely to be philosophical of their own fatality knowledge (Veneziano, Veneziano & LeGrand, 2000). Individuals first sexually ill-treated earlier than the age of 5 years were two times likely to assault someone who is below the age of 5 years. In addition, those physically abused by males were two times likely to assault males, and individuals subjected to anal interaction were fifteen times more likely to subject their fatalities to this. If they had been fondled they would also engage in fellatio. The childhood understanding of sexual mistreatment has often been connected with pubescent sex criminal (Fehrenbach, 2007). Childhood knowledge of being bodily abused, being deserted, and family aggression has also been connected with sexual aggression in teenage criminal. The abusive occurrence of youth sex criminal, though, has not time after time been found to be different considerably from those of other youth offenders and not all teenage sex criminal have a previous history of persecution; thus, this is not the sole factor explaining youth sexual criminal. Certainly, research proposes that the responsibility of child ill-treatment in the aetiology of sex antisocial is quite multifaceted. Research recommends that teenage sex offenders, in general, have had earlier submissive sexual occurrence (Ryan et al., 2006). Prior understanding with sexual dysfunction, most frequently impotence or untimely ejaculation, have also been described in adolescence sex criminal. A study conducted of 1,600 adolescent sex offenders from 30 countries, by Ryan et al. (2006) found that only about a few of the children professed sex as a method to express love or thoughtful for another individual; others alleged sex as a method to experience power and jurisdiction (23.5%), to drive away anger (9.4%), or to injure, humiliate, or discipline (8.4%). Research studies of adult sex criminal have indicated that unexpected sexual stimulation is strongly connected with sexually coercive activities. Research studies with teenage sex criminal are incomplete and this is an area which requires more research. Though, an underground research on sexually assaulting youth display unexpected sexual provocation and concern patterns, which are extreme and relate openly to the environment of the sexual actions problem, are repeated just like sexual stimulation to juvenile. Unexpected sexual stimulation is more clearly recognized as a motivator of advanced personal sexual criminal, particularly as it associates to pedophiliac, although a small separation of teenagers who upset against infants may symbolize belongings of early commencement pedophiliac. Research studies have established the uppermost levels of unexpected sexual stimulation are found in young people who completely target juveniles, particularly when infiltration is complicated, although in common, the sexual provocation patterns of sexually assaulting youth come into view more unpredictable and connect less openly to their prototype of antisocial behaviours than in grown-up sex criminal. Pornography & sexual deviance is another important area that requires research. A research study established that introduction to pornographic information at a young age was widespread in a section of 30 male youths who had steadfast sex offences (Zolondek, Abel, Northey and Jordan, 2001). In another research study by Burke (2001) established that 42% of young sex offenders, in contrast with 29% of juvenile aggressive offenders mainly those whose offences were not sexual, and condition offenders had been uncovered to strong, sexually overt periodical. Zolondek, Abel, Northey and Jordan (2001) revealed that more than 30% of 485 teenager sex criminal accounted the use of pornography, while 10 to 30% confessed participation in fetishism, and appalling phone-calls. A research study conducted by Zolondek, Abel, Northey and Jordan (2001) found that between 1.5 and 1.3 of teenage sex offenders have a number of neurological injuries, while Awad and Saunders (1991) established the rate of knowledge disability and educational dysfunction was involving 30 and 60% for these teenagers. Research studies propose that teenager sex criminal with cognitive discrepancy are more expected to assault subsequently to peers and unidentified person than those young people whose cognitive implementation falls within the usual range. Symptoms and disorders among children have been revealed as sources of juvenile sex offenders. The research reveals that demeanor confusion diagnoses and disruptive personality commonly have been experienced in teenagers who have been sexually assaulted (Zolondek, Abel, Northey and Jordan, 2001). Desire control troubles and standard of living impulsivity are also widespread in this populace. Research studies also have revealed advanced rates of sadness in young people who have been sexually assaulted, and up to 80% have some mental disorder (Zolondek, Abel, Northey and Jordan, 2001). Research studies vary extensively on the significance of substance misuse as a factor in sex felonious among young people. Zolondek, Abel, Northey and Jordan (2001) revealed rates at which teenager sex criminal were found to be influenced by drugs or alcohol at the instance they performed their offences vary from 3.4 to 72%. Though, substance misuse has been acknowledged as a dilemma for countless young people who have sexually assaulted. The main role of substance misuse in sex criminal remains indefinite. The occurrence of female young person sex offenders may be undervalued due to a social lack of enthusiasm to recognize that girls are able of entrusting such offences. On the other hand, girls who act in a sexually violent manner are more likely to be fatalities of sexual ill-treatment and numerous types of mistreatment than males and are more apt to receive beneficial treatment for their occurrence than are male youth sex offenders with an account of oppression. Theoretical framework Hudson and Ward (2000) state that learning theory suggests that sex offenders have somehow cultured the sexual problem from their environment. This philosophy also includes "modeling". This would propose that the sexual offender cultured the conduct from observing somebody else perform in a comparable manner, or may be done to them in form of their individual sexual exploitation. Studies have recommended that everywhere, from 30 percent to 80 percent of sexual offenders have been sexually mistreated in the yesteryears, and this report may propose dependable evidence to aid this theory. There are several sexual offenders, though, that state that they have not experienced sexual abused, and certainly not observed sexual abuse in the yesteryears. Several sexual offenders seem to be frequently learning and progressing in their sexual deviant behaviors. They discover how to get victims more successfully; discover how extreme they can get; discover what effects stimulate them; realize how to evade or escape recognition. Based on this learning theory the researcher will test the following hypothesis; Ho. There is no significant difference between the sexual juvenile offender’s past experiences and current experiences in regards to sexual deviant behaviors. Ho. There is no significance difference between learned behaviors and sexual deviant behaviors among juveniles. References Burke, D. (2001). Empathy in sexually offending and non-offending adolescent males. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16 (3): 222-233. Fehrenbach, P.A. (2007). Adolescent sexual offenders: Offender and offense characteristics. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 56(2):225-233. Hudson, S.M., & Ward, T. (2000). Interpersonal competency in sex offenders. Behavior Modification, 24, (4), 494-527. Kobayashi, J., Sales, B.D., Becker, J.V., Figueredo, A.J. & Kaplan, M.S. (1995). Perceived parental deviance, parent-child bonding, child abuse, and child sexual aggression. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 7(1):25-43. Rich, P. (2003). Understanding, assessing and rehabilitating juvenile sexual offenders. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Righthand, S. & Welch, C. (2001). Juveniles who have sexually offended: a review of the professional literature. U.S Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Ryan, G. (2006). Treatment of sexually abusive youth: the evolving consensus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14 (4): 422-436 Veneziano, C., Veneziano, L. and LeGrand, S. (2000). The relationship between adolescent sex offender behaviour and victim characteristics with prior victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15: 363-374. Zolondek, S., Abel, G., Northey Jn, W. & Jordan, A. (2001). The self-reported behaviours of juvenile sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16 (1): 73-85. JohnsonMBTM7102-8-4 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 4 JohnsonMBTM7102-8-4 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 Read More