American Sociology in the Early 20th Century - Essay Example

Institute of affiliation: American Sociology in the early 20th Century Although several years have passed, still the booktitled Division of Labor bears a philosophical message to the current social society. First, it is agreed that the social actuality are real issues, not only are they resistive forces that prevails over persons’ will, but also emphasizes the fact that human needs and desire are sufficient to such effects. It is worth noting that sometimes, social fact exists without necessarily serving any pertinent desire or need whatsoever. It follows that the above can be true when its utility has long past the point when the persistence force is at the peak. However, there is intervention of desires and needs to retard and hasten the social development. On contrary, the above cannot create a social fact and more so, there interventions literally affect the fundamentals of sociology. Frankly, all the above necessitate the pertinent of the book Division of Labor. In accordance to the book, it is clear that social fact do exhibit both pathological as well as normal forms. However, Durkheim argues that it is pertinent for the sociological methods to give out rules that will distinguish between them. More so, the above facts do satisfy the availability of the division of labor book in the current life. Pertinently, the book further outlines the primary objectives for instance provision. It alludes that, the above values are outdated in the current world of science where the core purpose of life is to inform human kind the resultant causes and not the end that are supposed to be in pursuit. Durkheim discusses that, practically social science narrows down to reveal the exact resultant cause of a certain effect, and this follows that human beings are given the opportunity to produce causes at their own will. Therefore, the causes above can be achieved and pursued for the reasons that surpasses science itself. In the book, Durkheim distinguishes several means that leads one to achieve an end. In addition, the book provides the vital concepts of social science that determines once highest goals. The above statement primarily outlines the scientific guidance that will lead individuals to their goals. Further, evidently the book illustrates scientifically the difference between social illnesses and social health. Therefore, that is why up to date the book is regarded as the classic book in the sociological realm. In summary, the book is essential in the guidance of the sociologist on the discovery of the distinction ordinarily between the exceptional and the general ideas. Having put that across, it is worth noting that the book reveals that pathological facts are minority cases encountered in the social arena. Durkheim affirms that a social fact can be either pathological or normal exclusively on the relation to a certain given social species. Several social conditions encouraged the rise of sociology in American during the early 20th century times. Here, it is pertinent that the conditions were primarily already prevalent sentiments and issues by which generations and individuals are surrounded. It agrees that during twentieth century, social conditions were the core significance in the sociological development in America. Thus, some of the conditions were the social disorders as well as chaos that came about because of political revolutions. In 1789, the French revolution interfered with many social theorists and hence the emergence of political revolutions. Since it was impossible to return to the old order, theorists did opt to seek for the new sources of orders in the societies that were under dramatization because of the dramatic political changes. Other conditions involved the transformation of the societies in the western realm concerning the industrial revolution. Professionally, the transformation was witnessed from the agricultural sector to the industrial systems that were overwhelming within the industrial systems. It is clear that many individuals were under the subjection of many hours of work but they received very little wages. With the presence of the theorists, they decided to form radical movements aimed at overpowering the capitalist systems. Due to the urban movement, several problems led to the attraction of early sociologists. It follows that these theorists staged socialism to assist the workers as alternative vision to the wealth where it should be distributed equally. Karl Marx was one of the theorists and he engaged in political activities to help engineers to fall. Another condition was the feminism; this was active during the Americans revolutions as well as the French. Notably, the feminism condition was filtered into sociology only on margins. All of the above changes caused a philosophical upshot on religiosity. It is worth noting that many sociologists emerged from religious backgrounds and this did facilitate the understanding of the modern society. Again, technological conditions assured products under technological arena to permeate life sector and this condition led to the science acquiring prestige enormously. The above condition geared up the debate between socialists who chose to model their own discipline, and those who thought that characteristic of life distinctively made science of sociology unwise and problematic. However, the above conditions were explained differently among the early theorists during that time. With the exceptional of Karl Marx, several economic doctrines did not gain a strong foothold sociologically (Durkheim and Marx 2008). The above was not a consequence of ignorance of the scholarly but sociologist of all periods. Here the sociologists explained the above conditions in terms of economic self-interest as per the argument of the Werner Sombart, a Germany sociologist. According to Frank, he viewed religious and political conditions as rationalization of social and economic interest. Since the sociologists were in place to rectify not only the religious but also the political conditions during the twentieth century, they decided to put aside their own interest and converge for a common goal. Some of their interests were the organism analogies, evolution, as well as the instinctual concept, and most importantly, it is evident according to several expertises that sociologists did not found determination under biological arena to them and that they have spent energy in refuting it instead of making it useful. To crown it all, several conditions let to the rise of the sociology in America during the twentieth century. The conditions involved religious and political stability of the Americans on their views pertaining sociology. Political condition proved to be harsh and that this made theorists to come in and fight for their poor individuals. The book division of labor is important in that it explains the difference between social illnesses as well as the social health and the correct way to end that. In recap, pathological facts are minority cases encountered in the social arena. Durkheim affirms that a social fact can either be pathological or normal exclusively on the relation to a certain given social species or social type Work Cited Kirk, Durkheim, and Marx, Karl. The Division of Labor. Cambridge, England: University Press, 2008. Print Read More