There is now clear evidence that there has been a marked change in the composition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that currently stands at 390ppm and even higher levels have been recorded at 400ppm at Mauna Loa, Hawaii in May 2013. Increasing average temperatures of the earth and oceans is referred to as global warming, it started at the beginning of the nineteenth century and it might continue for a very long time to come (Hansen 17). At the beginning of the twentieth century, the average temperature of the earth has risen by an average of 0.8°C and it is predicted that it will continue rising. Due to effects associated with climate change and global warming, there will be an average probable increase in the temperature ranging in the region of 1.8°C and 4°C, with a possible temperature rise between 1.1°C and 6.4°C (Black). The sea level is likely to rise by a figure of twenty eight to forty three centimeters and the Arctic sea is likely to disappear towards the second half of the twenty-first century. The world is also likely to experience increased incidences of heat waves, droughts, acidification of the oceans as well as increased intensity of tropical storms (Emanuel 686). The effects of global warming and climate change significant to human beings include incidences of food security problems brought about by decreasing yields and loss of habitats due to inundation or floods. There is also the likelihood of extinction of certain plant and animal species due to the loss of their habitats occasioned by the shifts in temperature regimes. Large-scale impacts of climate change can also be experienced in the natural and social systems in the society. For example, due to effects associated with global warming and climate change, there has been a marked acidification of oceans due to the increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and the melting of ice that ultimately leads to the rise in the level of the seas and the oceans. These changes occasioned by global warming could occur abruptly and may be difficult to reverse such as the release of methane from permafrost that increases the temperatures in the atmosphere. The effects of global warming, considering its impact on human health, infrastructure, human health, agriculture, also directly affect human beings and water resources are profound. There are harmful effects such as drought, reduced river flows due to loss of catchment areas, extinction of certain animal species, and decrease in the availability of food globally. In addition, there is disappearance of coastlines and coastal wetlands and increase in storm severity accompanied by flooding, in turn, there is increased spread of infectious diseases, and problems associated with the environment such as heat stress will also increase and so will the cases of malnutrition globally. All these additional strain on the society leads to conflict, the rise in cases of infectious diseases will be witnessed worldwide as has been the history whenever there are warmer temperatures. It can be remembered, that there was an outbreak of the West Nile Virus in the winter of 1999 due to unexpected warmer temperatures in New York. The Hantavirus which is spread by rodents might become an issue of concern due to the alternating drought and floods which create very favorable conditions for this virus to thrive (Hjelle and
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