Cultural and Urban Tourism in Newcastle - Essay Example

The Influence of Cultural Tourism and Urban Tourism in the tourism industry in Newcastle, UK - Sequel Table of Contents 0. Introduction 4 1. Rationale 4 1.2. Aim 5 1.3. Objectives 5 2.0. Literature Review 7 2.1. Overview 7 2.2. Urban Tourism 7 2.3. Cultural Tourism 8 2.4. Aspects of Urban Tourism Responsible For Attracting Tourists in Newcastle 9 2.5. Aspects of Cultural Tourism Responsible For Attracting Tourists in Newcastle 10 2.6. Tourist Sites Attract More Tourists in Newcastle 10 3.0. Research Methodology 12 4.0. Results and Discussion 14 4.1. Analysis of the Findings 14 4.2. Discussion 25 5.0. Conclusion 28 References 30 Appendix 32 1.0. Introduction Tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The increasing rate of growth is championed by increased cultural as well as urban tourism activities (Andrew, 2009). Newcastle is one of the cities in the Northeastern England experiencing huge influx of tourists yearly. The city is located within the county of Tyne and Wear, and specifically on the northwestern parts of the estuary of River Tyne. The city of Newcastle covers approximately 360 square kilometers. The Newcastle is a metropolitan city that has a population of approximately 250 000 individuals (Andrew, 2009). It is of crucial significance to note that Newcastle City is rich in culture and traditions. This follows the diversity in populations as well as the diversity in human behavior, beliefs as well as traditions. In this regard, it is important to highlight that Newcastle City is rich in both cultural tourism as well as urban tourism (Deborah and Amie, 2013). 1.1. Rationale Urban tourism in Newcastle is world class. It is of crucial significance to note that Newcastle city draws many tourists due to the diversity of cultures as well as tourist attraction sites located within (Melaine, 2007). In Newcastle, Urban tourism is promoted by such tourist attraction sites including Tyne Bridges, Quayside, Castle Keep and Chares. In addition, Grey’s Monument and Jesmond Dene promote urban tourism in Newcastle (Melaine, 2007). The other key contributor to urban tourism in Newcastle is the issue of Cultural Tourism. Cultural tourism in Newcastle has significantly contributed to increased tourism activities in the City. Cultural tourism has massively contributed towards enhancing urban tourism in the city of Newcastle in various ways (Deborah and Amie, 2013). Cultural tourism has led to increased influx of populations from different corners of the world to pay visits to Newcastle in order to share some of the unique experiences in Newcastle City (Melaine, 2009). This has contributed greatly towards improving the city’s economy due to increased tourism activities. Some of the cultural activities in Newcastle responsible for commanding the increased cultural tourism include the luxurious nightlife in Newcastle. This has led to increasing influx of tourists who visit the city to feel the unique nightlife experiences thus raising the economy (Deborah and Amie, 2013). The beauty of the nightlife in Newcastle is vested in the diversity of nightclubs, pubs, bars and restaurants. These have specialized in offering world-class services to tourists thus commanding an increasing rate of tourism in the region. In addition, the festivals and fairs in Newcastle have been responsible for the increased cultural tourism in the city. A good example is the Newcastle Beer Festival that always takes place in April. Such festivals always comprise of delicious foodstuffs, exhibitions, concerts as well as other forms of entertainment that draws several tourists to Newcastle City (Stephen, 2004). Sport is another cultural aspect that commands heavy influx of tourists who come to get entertained by the thrilling sporting activities in Newcastle. This has led to increased tourism activities in the region. 1.2. Aim To understand the influence of cultural tourism and urban tourism in the overall tourism industry in Newcastle, United Kingdom 1.3. Objectives 1. To find out the aspects of cultural tourism responsible for attracting tourists in Newcastle 2. To find out how aspects of cultural tourism attracts many tourists to Newcastle City 3. To find out which tourist sites attract more tourists in Newcastle 2.0. Literature Review 2.1. Overview Tourism sector is one of the most prominent sectors owing to the significant contribution it ensures for the overall economy of any particular nation. In the present day scenario, companies engaged with hospitality services are trying to enhance their infrastructure and other aspects in order to ensure that large number of tourists can be attracted towards a country (Zainal & et. al., 2012). Contextually, Newcastle is one of such places in the UK that has attracted people from different parts of the world as an effective tourist destination , which further enhances the local as well as the overall economy of the nation altogether. 2.2. Urban Tourism Urban tourism is an important part of the overall hospitality and tourism sector of Newcastle. In this regard, the research of Ashwortha & Page (2011) provided an elaborative understanding about urban tourism and its present status in the global hospitality. As per the study, the expansion of the tourism sector amid various parts of the world is largely owing to the expansion of the urban tourism domain. Countries have shown key interest in developing urban infrastructure, so that they attract tourists in bulk. Tourist mainly visits renowned cities in their leisure time as part of their tourism related activities. This is because of the fact that people or tourists conceive that hospitality and tourism sector of any nation is largely inclined towards the amenities of the urban areas. Various cities of the world are built or structured in a manner that they can attract tourists from different parts of the world. Ruetsche (2006) also provided an elaborative understanding about the concept and the importance of urban tourism in the present day scenario. Demand for travelling to the cities has enhanced significantly in the resent times and the same is expected to enhance further in the future as well. People travel to different cities of the world with the purpose of business, education and leisure among others. Some of the most prominent elements of urban tourism include business centres, hotels and resorts, and infrastructure among others. Countries seek to make a mark for themselves within the tourism sector and accordingly, have to ensure proper development within the city areas, which on one way or the other can enhance the prosperity of the tourism sector of a nation (Ruetsche, 2006). Edwards & et. al (2007) suggested that urban tourism development for countries in the present day context is important owing to the growth opportunities it can ensure for the overall tourism sector of a nation. Notably, the development of urban tourism mainly involves development of a particular city or area of a nation through integrating various aspects that include people, place, culture and values among others. This particular approach is intended towards the development of the tourism sector of a nation in a comprehensive manner altogether, so that the overall economy of the nations can have a positive influence (Edwards & et. al., 2007). 2.3. Cultural Tourism Similar to urban tourism, cultural tourism also has its own importance with regard to ensure sustainability and growth of the tourism sector of a nation. Cultural aspects of a particular nation are identified to have major influence on the overall performance of the tourism sector of the same. This is because of the fact that tourists often intend to experience culture and ethnicity of other nations in terms of hospitality and traditions. As per the study of Mckercher & Cros (2012), cultural tourism is an important part of the tourism sector of any nation that resembles with the lifestyle and cultural beliefs and practices of a particular region. History, art and religious significance of a particular region also forms an important part of culture with regard to tourism domain of any particular country. In a similar regard, Smith (2009) depicted that cultural tourism in any destination of the world also reflects the richness and heritage of that particular region with respect to their religious and cultural practices. Countries such as Thailand and Sri Lanka are quite popular for their rich culture and ethnicity and it attracts people throughout the year in bulk. 2.4. Aspects of Urban Tourism Responsible For Attracting Tourists in Newcastle As said, urban tourism is an important part of the hospitality sector of a nation in the present day scenario. It involves development of the urban sector to attract large number of tourists throughout the year. This aspect is also applicable for the tourism sector of Newcastle, which has been majorly influenced by the growth and development of the urban sector in the recent times. Notably, Newcastle is one of the most frequently visited places of the UK by tourists from different parts of the world. Owing to industrial revolution, the place has been significantly impacted but in a positive manner altogether (Tallon, 2013). Major changes has been recognised in many section of the society of Newcastle owing to the emergence of industries that has changed the lifestyle of the people of the society in a comprehensive manner altogether. Furthermore, aspects such as technological advancement and enhancement in the transport and communication network of the country has also developed the urban sector to a greater extent altogether. With regard to urban tourism, Newcastle has all the amenities that are required to attract large number of tourists throughout the year. The city has an excellent transport and communication network as compared to other developed nations of the world. This aspect provides utmost convenience to the visitors. Owing to the regeneration of the city in the recent years, the city has become more and more beautiful and attractive owing to which it has become one of the most preferred tourist destinations in the UK (Selby, 2004). Infrastructure of this region such as Gateshead Millennium Bridge, High Level Bridge, Central Arcade and St Nicholas Cathedral are among the unique structures in the UK and likewise, it has certainly influenced the decisions of the tourists in visiting the place. 2.5. Aspects of Cultural Tourism Responsible For Attracting Tourists in Newcastle Similar to urban development, cultural practices of the region i.e. Newcastle is also one of the most primary factors that have enhanced the experience of the tourists visiting the place from different parts of the world. It is quite an evident aspect that culture of any place is one of the principle factors that attracts people with regard to the tourism industry. Newcastle is one of the places of the UK that has a rich history associated with its cultural practices (Robinson, 2012). The city is well recognised throughout the world for its art, music and culture with regard to the rich lifestyle of the local people. People in this part of the world seek to maintain a simple and sober lifestyle in their day to day living. However, in their leisure time people enjoy surfing, dining and shopping among others. In this context, quirky arts culture and vibrant nightlife of this particular region of the UK is among the many factors that attracts the attention of the tourist (Richards, 1996). Hence, the cultural factors and their impact to the visitors of Newcastle are quite apparent. 2.6. Tourist Sites Attract More Tourists in Newcastle There are certain specific tourist sites in Newcastle that attracts tourists from different regions of the world. The tourist at large prefers stand up Paddle Boarding in the northern part of the city. It is located in the scenic location of Newcastle harbour where one can spent quality leisure time. Blackbutt Reserve is also a place within the city that has considerable flow of tourists throughout the years (Elliott, 2002). One can experience the natural and zoological significance of Newcastle by visiting this particular place. The place is pleasant and the atmosphere of the region is superb where the tourists are able to spend time in a relaxation manner. With regard to infrastructure, the Tyne Bridge is a famous attraction for the tourists owing to its magnificence, grandeur and historical importance. Notably, the design of the bridge is unique and ensures a great visual sight for the visitors. It is among the tallest man made structure of the city in terms of height. St Nicholas Cathedral that is located in front of the Tyne Bridge is also an important structure that tourists often like to visit in Newcastle (Daly & et. al., 1997). 3.0. Research Methodology Research approaches in any particular study is a particular approach that involves acquiring data and information relevant to the topic of the research. Researches can include several types such as qualitative, quantitative and mixed approach among others. For this particular research study, a quantitative research approach has been adopted. Furthermore, an inductive approach has been also implemented where data were analysed using a bottom up approach. This approach is expected to ensure the completion of the research study in a succinct and reliable manner further answering to the research question. The research has also made efficient use of graphs and charts in order to depict the primary data in a more apparent manner. This aspect further eradicated the complexities of the data sources, which included both primary and secondary data collection method. Hence, in order to get a comprehensive insight about the subject matter, the above depicted research techniques have been taken into consideration. Data collection is an important part of any research study. It involves systematic compilation of data relevant to the research topic. Data can be collected from numerous sources including secondary and primary sources among others. For this particular research study, the required data has been collected from both primary resource and secondary sources. Primary sources mainly include compilation of data from semi-structured, in-depth as well as conversational approaches of interviews and surveys with the assistance of a set questionnaire. In this particular research study, the data were gathered primarily from questionnaire survey with a group of 60 respondents. The questionnaire for the survey included both open and closed ended questions to ensure accuracy of the responses gathered. The respondents of the questionnaire survey mainly included people of any particular cultural events in Newcastle. For each of the respondents, a maximum of 15 minutes were allotted to fill up the questions. The questions asked during the survey mainly included aspects relevant to the objective of the research. On the other hand, the research has also considered secondary sources such as journals and articles in order to gather wider data about the subject matter. While collecting data from both primary and secondary sources, the aspects of reliability and accuracy were provided with utmost prominence. This further has ensured that the eventual outcome of the research depicts a generalised set of results that can be applied in other researches as well. The gathered data were further analysed with the help of graphs and charts to provide a clearer depiction. However, certain problems has been encountered while completing the research, which has been in the form of lack of proper and adequate secondary data, reluctance from the end of the respondents during survey and maintenance of the gathered data efficiently among others hindered in the smooth completion of the study to a certain extent. 4.0. Results and Discussion 4.1. Analysis of the Findings In order to obtain an appropriate set of answers for the research objective, this particular research study has implemented both primary and secondary data collection method to collect relevant and accurate data. It has been learnt that for secondary sources, data were mainly collected from journals and articles while for the primary sources, data were collected from a questionnaire survey to understand the perception of the tourists visiting Newcastle. The analysis of the data collected from primary sources is highlighted in detail hereunder. In the first question, the respondents i.e. the tourists were mainly enquired about their knowledge regarding some of the cultural events that are organised in Newcastle. Out of 60 respondents that participated in the survey, maximum 38% has affirmed their knowledge about the cultural event of ‘The Stephenson Works’ while 22% marked ‘Marwoods Serenade’ as the cultural event that they are aware of in Newcastle. Another 15% of the respondents answered with ‘The Literary and Philosophical Society’ with regard to the questionnaire of the survey. These findings clearly depict the knowledge of the respondents or the tourists regarding the cultural events that take place in Newcastle, UK (refer fig 1). Fig 1: Knowledge about Cultural Events In the second question of the questionnaire survey, the respondents were enquired about their presence in any of the cultural events mentioned in the first question. For this particular question, maximum 56% of the respondents answered with yes while the rest marked no as their responses. Furthermore, for this similar question, the respondents were requested to mention the cultural event that they have attended in the past. In this regard, maximum percentage of the respondents depicted that they have paid visit to ‘The Stephenson Works ‘’ cultural event in the past. This shows that amid various cultural events that are organised in Newcastle, ‘The Stephenson Works’ is one of the most visited (refer fig 2). Fig 2: Knowledge about Cultural Events In the third question, enquiry was mainly conducted to understand the nature of experience of the tourists when they visited in any of the cultural events specified in the first question. For this particular question, 52% of the respondents depicted their experience of visiting the cultural events to be quite good while only 5% of the respondents found their experience of visiting the cultural events to be below average. From this particular set of responses, it can be assumed that the tourists visiting Newcastle are quite attracted towards the cultural events that take place in this part of the world (refer fig 3). Fig 3: Experience In the next question of the survey, the respondents were enquired about how often they visit such cultural events. For this particular question 72% of the respondents depicted that they visit these events once a year. Only 12% of the respondents depicted that they visit such events in Newcastle on a regular basis. The responses depict the frequency of visit of the respondents i.e. tourists (refer fig 4). Fig 4: Frequency of Visit In the fifth question, the respondents were asked about the reasons that influence them to visit such events on a regularly basis or once in a year. For this particular question, 52% of the respondents depicted that such events provided them with source of leisure and recreation, which further influenced them to visit the events. On the other hand, 22% and 12% respondents marked ‘source of entertainment’ and ‘to feel the unique experiences’ as reasons for them to visit the events respectively (refer fig 5). Fig 5: Importance of Cultural Events In the subsequent question, the respondents were asked about the most preferred cultural events among the ones provided in the first question. In this regard, maximum percentage of the respondents depicted that they prefer ‘The Stephenson Works’, Marwoods Serenade and ‘The Literary and Philosophical Society’ to others in case they need to visit only one of the mentioned cultural events in Newcastle. In the next question, the respondents were asked about the importance of the cultural events in Newcastle. For this question, 70% of the respondents said yes while the rest said no (refer fig 6). Fig 6: Importance of Such Events for Tourism Sector In the seventh question, the survey intended to understand the level of importance of the cultural events for the visitors in Newcastle. For this question, 62% of the respondents depicted that these events are important in conservation of culture of Newcastle while the rest of the responses were segregated on other questions (refer fig 7). Fig 7: Cultural Events are important to Newcastle City In the eighth question, the respondents were asked about any of their professional experience in culture and tourism. In this regard, 46% said yes while the rest said no for the same (refer fig 8). Contextually, the respondents were asked about how their professional experience in culture and tourism can have impact on the overall tourism industry of Newcastle. For this, most of the responses were in favour of attracting more tourists in Newcastle in the future context. Fig 8: Professional Experience For the ninth question of the survey, the respondents were enquired whether they felt satisfied when attaining the cultural events. For this, 68% of the respondents said yes while the rest responded no for the same (refer fig 9). Fig 9: Level of Satisfaction In the tenth question, respondents were asked whether they would recommend Newcastle for its cultural events. Contextually, for this survey question, 72% said yes while the rest thinks the reverse (refer fig 10). Fig 10: Recommed Newcastle for Cultural Events The eleventh question of the survey primarily focused on understanding the knowledge of the tourists visiting Newcastle with regard to the tourist attraction of this particular region. For this, 62% said yes while the rest said no for the same (refer fig 11). Most of the respondents that said yes for the eleventh question, further affirmed their understanding of Millennium Bridge, High Level Bridge and Central Arcade as famous tourist destination in Newcastle. Fig 11: Knowledge About Tourist Sites In the twelfth question, around 62% of the respondents said that they have visited some of the tourist spots in Newcastle for Millennium Bridge, High Level Bridge and Central Arcade while the rest said no for the same (refer fig 12). Fig 12: Cultural Events Visitied In the thirteenth question, the respondents were enquired about the frequency of their visit to these tourists’ attractions in Newcastle. For this, 39% of the respondents said that they visit tourist spot in Newcastle once every month while 28% said that they visit the same once in every year (refer fig 13). Fig 13: Frequency of Visit With regard to the fourteenth question, most of the respondents recommended friends central arcade to be their favourite tourist spot in the Newcastle city. In the fifteenth question, 68% of the respondents said that the tourist attraction sites are important to Newcastle City and its tourism sector while the rest believed the opposite. Contextually, the respondents also mentioned that these tourist centres in the city are important towards attracting the tourists in bulk (refer fig 14). Fig 14: Preference In the sixteenth question, 55% of the respondents felt that the tourist attractions in Newcastle city is quite important with regard to the long term sustainability of the overall tourism sector of the region while the rest doubted on their significance considerably. For this question, the respondents also said that the tourist attraction in Newcastle will be important towards creating more publicity of the city for attract more tourists in the future. However, respondents who depicted that these tourist places may not be important further justified their responses by depicting that continuous development will be the only way through which tourist can be attracted (refer fig 15). Fig 15: Opinion about Growth of Industry In the seventeenth question, it has been identified that around 62% of the respondents were male while the rest were female (refer fig 16). Fig 16:Gender From the responses to eighteenth question, the age group of most of the respondents can be depicted to be in between 25-40. From the nineteenth question, it has been learnt that 40% of the respondents were married while 25% were engaged. Only a minimal 8% of the respondents depicted to be divorced (refer fig 17). Fig 16: Maritial Status The twentieth question depicted about the origin or nationality of respondents, which further revealed that the respondents belonged from different parts of the world including Asian and European continent among others. In this regard, the next question ascertained that a large percentage of the respondents are believed to be the residents of their current location for 1-10 years. 4.2. Discussion From the overall analysis of the data gathered from both primary and secondary sources, several key facts and information has been gathered relevant to the research topic. Notably, tourism and hospitality sector is deemed to have major contribution on the economy of any particular nation. In this regard, review of literature suggested that the growth of tourism sector of any nation is directly dependent on the inflow of tourists throughout the year. This aspect can also be depicted for the tourism sector of Newcastle, which is one of the most visited places by tourist in the UK. Secondary resources suggested that continuous development within urban and cultural tourism of this particular region, people have been largely attracted towards Newcastle with the purpose of spending their time and execute their leisure activities. Some of the factors including continuous infrastructural development right from the days of industrial revolution have also worked towards the development of the tourism sector of the region. It has been learnt that Newcastle has gained immense popularity in the recent time owing to some of its major cultural events along with tourist spots that attracts one and all throughout the year. This particular research has been intended towards identifying the aspects of cultural tourism that has influenced the existence of Newcastle as a tourism destination. Research suggested that culture and ethnicity of Newcastle is one of the prime factors that influenced the decision of the tourists visiting the city. The lifestyle of the people in Newcastle along with the nightlife of this particular region has been among the cultural depiction in Newcastle. These aspects were also affirmed with the data acquired from primary resources. Notably, a large percentage of the people are aware of the cultural events that take place in Newcastle and they visit the same once every year. Furthermore, many of the respondents during the questionnaire survey has also showcased that owing to cultural tourism in this particular region, the overall tourism sector of the nation is impacted positively and hence, the inflow of tourists can increase substantially in the coming years. The responses of the survey participants for the eighth question will also be vital to consider in order depict the importance of cultural tourism in Newcastle. Observably, a considerable percentage of the respondents depicted that they have acquired a satisfactory experience while they visit to some of the most popular cultural events in Newcastle, which is again a potential advantage for the concerned authorities with regard to the tourism sector of the nation. The research study was also intended towards identifying the tourist sites in Newcastle that attracts people i.e. tourists throughout the year. Secondary research suggested that some of the most visited places of Newcastle include Millennium Bridge, High Level Bridge and Central Arcade among others. This is because of the fact that these places have magnificence scenic beauty and grandeur that are quite appreciated by the people. They are also among the most popular infrastructure of the city owing to their unique designs and features. Furthermore, it has also been noted that the concerned authorities of the tourism sector of the nation has been also promoting these places at larger dimension in order to attract people and influence them to visit the city. This has also helped the region and its tourism sector in a widespread dimension. These aspects can further be depicted and affirmed with the help of the primary data that has been acquired from questionnaire survey with 60 respondents overall. For the tenth question of the survey, 62% depicted that they are aware of some of the top tourist attraction in Newcastle. In the subsequent question, they have also affirmed about the aspect that they visit one of the famous tourist spot in Newcastle in the recent years and their decision of visiting the place will be largely influenced by the same. Moreover, the frequency of visit of tourists in Newcastle were analysed with the help of the survey. In this regard, maximum number of people responded that they visit the famous tourists place in Newcastle once in every year while some also depicted that they visit the same once in every month. This aspect also depicts the importance of tourist spots in Newcastle. Hence, from the overall discussion of the primary and secondary sources, it has been learnt that the importance of tourism and hospitality is paramount in the recent time owing to the significant contribution it has on the overall financial stability of a nation. Newcastle can be seen a perfect example of how tourism sector has grown in the resent time for the development of various tourist destinations. 5.0. Conclusion From the overall analysis of the research study, certain key facts can be presented about the aspect of the influence of cultural tourism and urban tourism in the tourism industry in Newcastle, UK. In order to depict a better comprehension of the research objectives, this particular research study has taken into consideration both primary and secondary data with due consideration to the aspect of reliability and validity. It has been learnt from both primary and secondary sources that Newcastle has certain specific cultural and urban tourism factors that have affected the overall tourism sector of the nation in a positive manner. In this regard, it can be stated that owing to the continuous development in the urban regions of the place, it has been able to catch the attention of the tourists from different parts of the world, which can further be reflected from the fact that it is one of the most visited places in the UK. Industrial revolution in the UK has boosted the infrastructural development of Newcastle in the form of construction of unique structure and development of the transport and communication domain. Similarly cultural tourism development has been also an important part of the tourism sector in Newcastle. Notably, Newcastle is quite well known among the visitors owing to some of the cultural events that take place within the region. Some of the major cultural events that attract tourists in the region include ‘The Stephenson Works’, ‘Newcastle Italian Film Festival’ and ‘The Literary and Philosophical Society’ among others. These aspects were also further affirmed with the help of the data gathered from primary sources. Notably, a large percentage of the respondents during the questionnaire survey depicted that they visited the place i.e. Newcastle specifically for the cultural events and their frequency of visiting the place is also largely influenced from the same. Furthermore, people are also aware about the importance of these events on the growth of the tourism sector of the nation in a comprehensive manner. In addition, research results have also showed that some of the notable tourist attractions in Newcastle are Millennium Bridge, High Level Bridge and Central Arcade that attract tourists in large number. The results of the questionnaire survey have affirmed the information gained from the secondary sources in this regard. Hence, it can be concluded that cultural and urban tourism factors indeed has major influence on the overall tourism sector in Newcastle. However, while conducting the research, certain challenges have been dealt, which can further be depicted as limitations of the research. These aspects were in the form of lack of adequate data about the research topic, reluctance amid the respondents while conducting the survey and the absence of statistical tool in analysing the gathered data among others. In future researches these limitations will be intended to overcome through the application of systematic approach towards gathering as well as analysing the data, so that a better and reliable set of outcomes can be assured for the research objectives. References Andrew Tallon. (2009). Urban Regeneration in the UK.Routledge Ashworth, G. & Page, S. J., 2011. Urban Tourism Research: Recent Progress and Current Paradoxes. Tourism Management, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 1-15. Deborah Stevenson, Amie Mattews. (2013)Culture and the City: Creativity, Tourism and Leisure. Routledge. Daly, M. & et. al., 1997. Australia: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. Edwards, D. & et. al., 2007. Understanding Urban Tourism Impacts: An Australian Study. Sustainable Tourism, pp. 1-3. Elliot, J., 2002. Tourism: Politics and Public Sector Management. Routledge. Melaine Smith., 2009. Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies. Hospitality, Travel and Toursim. Routledge. Mckercher, B. & Cros, H. U., 2012. Cultural Tourism: The Partnership between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management. Routledge. Melaine K. Smith (2007). Tourism, Culture and Regeneration. CABI Richards, G., 1996. Cultural Tourism in Europe. Greg Richards. Ruetsche, J., 2006. Urban Tourism. UW Extension, pp. 1-2. Robinson, P., 2012. Tourism: The Key Concepts. Routledge. Smith, M., 2009. Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies (Google eBook). Routledge. Stephen Williams., 2004. Tourism: New Directions and Alternative Tourism. Taylor and Francis. Selby, M., 2004. Understanding Urban Tourism: Image, Culture and Experience. I.B.Tauris. Tallon, A., 2013. Urban Regeneration in the UK. Routledge. Zainal, A. & et. al., 2012. Current Issues in Hospitality and Tourism: Research and Innovations. CRC Press. Appendix Questionnaire 1. Do you know any or some of these cultural events that take place in Newcastle City? (a)The Stephenson Works (b)Newcastle Italian Film Festival (b) Printed Matter (c)The Literary and Philosophical Society (d)Marwoods Serenade 2. Do you intend to attend anyof these cultural events? a) Yes (b) No If yes, which cultural events? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 3. How was the experience? a) Excellent (d) Good (c) average (e) below average 4. How often do you attend these cultural events? a) Regularly (b) Once every two weeks c) Once every month (d) Once every year 5. What are some of the reasons why you always attend these cultural events in Newcastle? (a) Source of entertainment (c) Education (b) Source of leisure and recreation (d) To feel the unique experiences (e) To understand and appreciate other people’s culture 6. If such events were to take place daily, which three most interesting cultural events would you not miss? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 6. Do you think these cultural events are important to Newcastle City? a) Yes (b)No If yes, how are they important? (a)Creation of employment (b) Conservation of culture (c) Strengthening of the economy (d) Unite people thus promote political stability If no, why? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 7. Do you have any professional experience in culture and tourism? a) Yes (b) No If yes, how are they important to the overall tourism industry? (a)Attracts more tourists (b)Employment creation (c)Strengthens the economy (d)Increases in income and foreign exchange earning (e)Increases in income and foreign exchange earning (f)Creates more publicity to the other tourist attraction (g)Creates more publicity to the other tourist attraction (h) Helps champion conservation of culture, education and public awareness If no, why? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 8. During those times you have attended cultural events, have the experiences derived enough satisfaction? (a) Yes (b) No 9. Would you recommend Newcastle for cultural events? (a) Yes (b) No 10. Do you know any tourist attraction sites in Newcastle City? (b) Yes (b) No If yes, which ones? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 11. Have you ever visited any of these cultural events in Newcastle City? (a) Yes (b) No If yes, which ones? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 12. How often do you always visit these tourist attraction sites? (a) Regularly (b) Once every two weeks (c) Once every month (d) Once every year 13. Which tourist attraction destinations would you best recommend to a friend who wants to feel the unique experience and beauty of Newcastle City? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 14. Do you think these tourist attraction sites are important to Newcastle City? (a) Yes (b) No If yes, how are they important? (a) Attraction of tourists (b) Earn the country foreign exchange (c) Promotes research and education (d) Advertise the country to the outside world If no, why? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 15. In your opinion, do you think tourist attraction sites in Newcastle City are important to the overall tourism industry in the city? (a) Yes (b) No If yes, how are they important to the overall tourism industry? (a) Attracts more tourists (b) Creates more publicity thus attract more tourists (c) Increases in income and foreign exchange earnings (d) Strengthens the economy (e) Employment creation (f) Helps champion conservation of culture, education and public awareness If no, why? .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 17. Gender of the respondent (a) Male (b) Female 18. What is your age? ................................................................................. 19. What is your marital status? (a) Single (b) Engaged (c) Married (d) Divorced 20. What is your country of origin? .................................................................................. 21. How long have you been into your current location? .................................................................................. Read More