Manufacture Using Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing - Essay Example

CAD/CAM APPLICATIONS Name University Professor Course Date 1.0 Summary CAD is the process of designing computer models through the use of geometrical parameters. All the models created using CAD appear in 3-D image as section of the system which can be modified by only altering some parameters. CAD is very essential in supporting designers to observe the object is different ways and also allow for object testing by reproducing real-world situation.CAM applies geometrical design information to manage automated machinery. CAM systems have a closer relationship with CNC or DNC systems and all these systems vary from the older NC because they are encoded mechanically. Both CAD and CAM use computer applications when encoding data, they are therefore able to be used for designing and manufacturing processes. When using CAD/CAM, it is important to think about the use of pencil and scale design. In CAD/ CAM, there is no use of pencil and a rubber to draw and design but it involves the use of computer technology to design an object. CAD is important computer software which designers use to produce an accurate object design. This software helps designers to draw different images by simply clicking at the computer buttons. The use of CAD has a number of benefits as compared to handmade designs. The objects designed using CAD is very neat and more presentable and the images can easily be modified to different formats. Currently designers use different CAD software for drawing while others use it for engineering work. It is important in performing 2-D and 3-D drawings and other structural designs. 1.1Comments Designing an object using CAD require preliminary design to ensure that all errors and mistakes which could have been included when designing the model are eliminated. It also ensures that the design has a good layout which can be presented to different users. The design drawn using CAD is in three D to ensure that it reveals the real picture of the design. The use of CAD/ CAM to draw and object ensures that an object can be altered in any way without changing its shape or re-drawing. It also offers zoom features which allow the designers to magnify some sections of the object to give room for inspection. With the use of CAD to draw different models with specific reference to profile data, it is important to produce a model in three dimensions and also allow the rotation of the object on any axis. This ensures that the object can be viewed on all the sides to allow the designer to have an overall shape of the object. 2.0 Report Analysis 2.1Production of a working drawing for subsequent manufacture The working drawing is drawn using computer aided design software. It is in three D to ensure that it reveals the real picture of the design. Manufacturing drawing is used for more than one job. They are usually split into two different categories namely single part drawings which indicates details of one part of the machine or only one beam. Such drawings represent linear dimensions, material specification, hole dimension and angular dimension. In these drawings below, they represent general arrangement drawing which indicate a complete drawing model that portrays a full design expected to be drawn in a clear manner. They therefore have isometric view, plan view, elevation view and finally its section view as shown in the below drawings. 2.2 Demonstrate the significance of drawing attributes for CAD/CAM with specific reference to profile data and parts listing There are a number of significance attributes that CAD and CAM convey for a specific profile data. The use of CAD/ CAM to draw and object ensures that an object can be altered in any way without changing its shape or re-drawing. It also offers zoom features which allow the designers to magnify some sections of the object to give room for inspection. With the use of CAD to draw different models with specific reference to profile data, it is important to produce a model in three dimensions and also allow the rotation of the object on any axis. This ensures that the object can be viewed on all the sides to allow the designer to have an overall shape of the object. The use of CAD when designing the object more so those used for manufacturing purposes ensure that there is modeling cutaway models which can only be observed in CAD system. Through this internal shape of the model can be shown and also provides an illustration spatial relationships between different system parts. This report is also important in helping us understand what cannot be drawn using CAD/CAM. The use of CAD does not allow the designers to comprehend actual concepts like nature of the object such as texture or the object function that the object being drowned is expected to perform. CAD system therefore works effectively because it has the potential to codify geometrical concepts and through this the design process using CAD involves the transfer of designer’s data into a well designed geometrical object. 2.3 Produce a variety of geometrical shapes from datum in three dimensional spaces Tool list Discretion 1. axis cnc mill The 3 axis cnc mill is a mini mill that occupies less floor are bears features such as a 40-taper spindle, speeds to 6,000 rpm, 600-ipm rapids and a 10-pocket automatic tool changer. It is applied in controlling manufacturing of small parts of the machine. It main purpose is to finish the work and also responsible for slicing metals such as aluminum and steel. 2- Machine vice A machine vice is used in holding other devices during work. It is possibly used to hold work during drilling or milling machines. It is commonly applied in woodwork and metalwork to hold a piece of work and usually it is fixed in a workbench. 3- Electronic touch probe Electronic touch probes help in simplification of work like precision job setup and measurement. It usually has components such as sealed active electronics and breakaway ruby stylus and is beneficial for finding, digitizing, and more similar purposes. This tool is of different kinds and can be found easily in the market. It support easy automation, monitoring and management 4- Tool holder A Drill Chuck tool holder is mainly used to surface precision ground. It is connected at the back in order to be strong during heavy work. It has a gage length of 3.0inches and its body diameter is 1.5 inches. Its main purpose is to hold the screwing drilling chuck into spindle. 5- Er 16 collect holder It is a handling tool used in holding different machines. It holds tools like screws used for drilling and boring holes. It is important to choose an appropriate size of this tool for each job and it can just be adjusted in order to fit any drilling tool. 6- Face MILL 40 mm diameter The face mill in the diameters 50 mm, 63 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm and 125 mm are used for exact machine functions of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum with an internal coolant supply. These tools not only provide exceptional benefits and performance they are also aid in the minimization of tool costs as they can be utilized for regrinding various times. Another kind of face mill is the Korloy Pro-X Mill index able shell milling system, used for metal removal of aluminum, copper, plastic and brass. 7- END MILL 8 mm diameter Alu Power Carbide Milling Cutters from YG-1 are used by drillers when boring holes in either metals or wood. The metals which it commonly used to drill include aluminum and other non-ferrous materials. 8- Drill(HSS) 6mm diameter The Drill (HSS) of 6 mm diameter has abxtralong twist drill bit and is made of tough HSS material. It has a straight shank which is important in electrical drilling. It has high efficiency and produces an efficient work during drilling purposes. 2.4 Demonstrate the significance of structured data within a CAD/CAM system There are a number of benefits that the use of CAD software in drawing present in engineering. CAD is mostly applied in designing and drafting diagrams and its use ensure that engineers receive different benefits. The use of CAD increases designer’s productivity by helping designers in visualizing final product which they plan to produce. With its application, the designer have the opportunity to even add animation in order to observe to predict how the product will finally function and through this they can easily modify the product to suit its function. The use of CAD also improves the quality of the design because it ensures that the designer has different tools that they can use when drawing the product. Possible errors and mistakes can easily be identified and removed as early as possible before producing the final product. 2.5 Create a DXF (data exchange file) from a standard drawing file I used difference in use of command Export dwg/dxf & 2d exchange to export 2D objects into 2D formats which can easily be saved into DXF DWG IGES. It is mostly applicable for 2D auto CAD mainly for the purpose of cutting and machining paths. It supports exportation of different drawings which are in different formats. This is important in translating numerous models or drawings into NX part files in DXF and IGES formats. The exportation of images into 3 or 2D requires drawing using various programs which are able to maintain the nature of the object in the same aspect ratio of that of NX. It is important to note that it is not appropriate to save geometrical data into DFX but it can be used to save temporarily but One CNC is more appropriate. It is simple to import files but is important to follow a standard step because it is able to provide accurate result. It is necessary to save the data into a file because it has ASCII structure. The data which is stored in the form of a file is also easy to read with only one instance per line. The file is used as the standard ISO 10303-21 requirement which has a clear text encoding substitute structure. This standard is used because it ensures that data is encoded to represent data in accordance with EXPRESS schema. When transporting files, the file was also given a name p21 –Files and STEP physical Files. The stp extension of the file and step showed that the data in the file conforms to STEP submission procedures. The STEP that reads OneCNC was not subjected to version change and generates robust standard import from all CAD sources that comply with the predetermined standards. It is necessary to use STEP translation for importation and exportation when using OneCNC. It is mostly preferred because it is an internationally accepted standard and therefore it does not depend on any other file. It also able to read its own files directly and therefore it cannot share any file when used in other directories that are subjected to any change. Through this, it is simple to import data without any complication and also ensure that there is reliant in one brand of software. IGES is a neutral way of formatting data that provides the designer with an opportunity to exchange digital information through CAD system. It is very important when substituting data model in the form of circuit diagrams, wire frames, free form or service modeling. It is mostly used by traditional engineers or as a model for analysis but it has some problems when used to export data that does not adhere to CAD specifications. VDA-FS can also be used when exporting CAD data from one system to the next. Finally, we also used AutoCAD DXF to export data files to other programs. It is important because it generates an exact representation of the object. This is mainly provided in the native file format thereby ensuring that complex objects are produced as original as possible. 2.6 Produce Geometry within a CAM system through the use of DXF file 2.7 Evaluation of each concept design sketch including function and assembly method There are different concept design sketch which serves different functions. Each of these concept designs sketch speed up visual problem solving by providing designers with different options to use when designing a model. The above sketch provides the user with an opportunity to explore the entire concept rapidly. With the help of the above sketch, it is possible to produce a sketch within two hours only but provide solution to different design problems. Concept design sketch is therefore a very essential step during designing process because it reduces the time required to produce the concept on a paper before using the computer. After sketching the object on a paper, it is therefore important to generate a design using CAD. The use of concept design sketch is also essential in creating basic composition of an illustration quickly. With the help of sketches, it is possible to come out with a good layout which can be followed when designing the actual object. From there, the designer is able to understand how to assemble different parts or systems in order to create a complete functioning object. The sketches also help in evaluating layout choices so that the model being designed have a good presentation and appearance before the object is fully developed. Concept design sketch of push mechanism also support client communication and approval. The sketch of an object allows the client to observe the product layout before it is produced by the designer and engineer. This ensure that the client accept the product before it is generated hence approves it as early as possible. Concept design sketch therefore saves time which the client could have wasted when still trying to understand the functionality and layout of the model being designed. When there is a sketch, the client will take fewer hours to understand the sketch but they will take hours to understand an illustration. Through this the client takes less time to agree with the designer when concept design sketch is used than the use of illustration. It is also easy to make correction on a sketch and this helps the client to endorse the artwork before starting an advance process. Finally, design concept of push mechanism above is essential supporting visual exploration. The process allows for journaling activities with the purpose of recording and exploring personal interest. Sketching therefore allows designers to explore different choices which can be taken when designing. It therefore allows for the exploration of topics such as patterning which are used to improve the object appearance. 2.8 Produce a detailed analysis of three preliminary design schemes The three preliminary designs meet the predetermined criteria. They have levers, return springs, pivot and a block. These preliminary designs are useful in creating basic layout of the required model. They can therefore be used to guide the designer or the engineer when implementing the object. These three preliminary design schemes ensure that the designer understands the best way they can assemble all the machine parts so that a complete functioning object is created. All the three preliminary design sketches are also drawn in a manner that it can be used to assess the layout choices in order to develop a model that has a good pictorial outlook. Each of these preliminary design schemes of push mechanism also supports client communication and approval. These designs allow the client to observe the product layout before it is produced by the designer and engineer. This ensure that the client accept the product before it is generated hence approves it as early as possible. These preliminary designs schemes allow the designers to saves time which the client could have wasted when still trying to understand the functionality and layout of the model being designed. When there is a sketch, the client will take fewer hours to understand the sketch but they will take hours to understand an illustration. It is also easy to make correction on a preliminary design scheme and this helps the client to endorse the artwork before starting an advance process of designing and modeling. The preliminary designs of push mechanism also promote visual exploration. They give the designers an opportunity to explore their interest by being able to explore different choices from what they have drawn. With preliminary designs one explores different topics such as patterning and painting. 2.9 Justification of the choice of design features The choice of my design is based on the nature of work that the model or the object is going to play. I choose this design because it can easily move from one point to the next and therefore it can easily push object during manufacturing. The design also has a point where it can load objects and the distance from the block and the lever is also reasonable and therefore it will be able to generate sufficient force to push objects. The reasoning of my group members is also conforming to my reasoning because they also need an object that is easy to work with. They believe that the machine that has a long lever 150 m from the pivot can push object with a lot of force than a short one and therefore all the group members recommend the choice of my design. 3.0 Carry out Compliance Check on the optimum design Solution Carrying out compliance check on the optimum design solution is not easy but it requires concerted effort of the entire group members. There are some legal requirements which must be met in order to meet the purpose of the model. To effectively draw push mechanism, it is vital to have a keyboard, FDD, CPU and ROM for processing data. There must also be displaying machine and printers which are essential for outputting the processed results. Compliance check is also carried out when there are operating means of 20 that composed of eigenvalue and eigenvector used in the determination of eigenvalue while eigenvector is used to specify the relationships of motion between different elements. Operating means 21 and 22 are used to compute the motion of the whole push mechanism where the engine is attached on a frame. Sensitivity calculating means 23 are essential in determining sensitivity response of the nature of the motion when altering design variable like elastic modulus. Optimum solution computation means24 is used for finding out numerical solution for the design variable in order to reduce vibration from the model. Finally, there is also restriction checking means 25 for testing whether the optimum solution can achieves restriction which are needed for determining optimum solution. In order to determine whether the error value is maintained within the predetermined level 1% or it is restricted, it must be maintained at 1% showing that optimum solution has been corrected to the superior or lower edge of restriction. It is therefore important to go on with further computations using other restrictions which had not been used. Through this t will be easy to prevent the solution from diverging when conducting repetitive computation even though the solution differs as a result of error which is attributed by large digits during optimization calculation. The current push mechanism invented ensure that it is possible to find out the position, angle, spring constant and damping coefficient of elastic materials used when protecting the machine. It also determined the push machine designed can efficiently help manufacturing process of different products. The angles, lengths, spring constant and damping coefficient are determine using S1 and plurality of parts re set using S2.Assembling of all the parts are also done through the application of sections made in S2 and angles and positions are mounted according to the predetermine specifications are required by the client. Usually assembling is done using plurality of parts and it is carried out to reduce vibration of the machine. 3.1 Evaluation of the project Activities There was a teamwork spirit in our group. We worked jointly without overworking others. In our group we selected a team leader in order to lead us on how to draw or sketch the push mechanism. Everybody was allowed to participate without discrimination and the opinion of every member of the group was accepted and incorporated when designing the model. When designing the model, only one person was allowed to sketch the object with the guidance of others. This was to minimize conflicts between other group members. It was very good that the group members agreed to work together in harmony and although there was varying opinion, the members could sit down and solve their problems without involving a third party. The team leader was there to give direction on what other members should do and this reduces the number of conflicts that occurred during the designing of the model. We were able to solve all the problems by ensuring that we incorporate every good idea contributed by each member. Suppose, I was a lone, I would have used a reference material in case of conflicting opinion so that I could have come up with more detailed information on how to draw or sketch the best model. I would have also delegated duties and allow each member to draw a section or part of the model so as to allow everybody to participate and involve in the design and the creation of the object. The involvement of everybody will motivate the group members and therefore improve their attitudes towards what we were doing. 4.0 Discussion CAD is the process of designing computer models through the use of geometrical parameters. All the models created using CAD appear in 3-D image as section of the system which can be modified by only altering some parameters. CAD is very essential in supporting designers to observe the object is different ways and also allow for object testing by reproducing real-world situation.CAM applies geometrical design information to manage automated machinery. CAM systems have a closer relationship with CNC or DNC systems and all these systems vary from the older NC because they are encoded mechanically. Both CAD and CAM use computer applications when encoding data, they are therefore able to be used for designing and manufacturing processes. When using CAD/CAM, it is important to think about the use of pencil and scale design. In CAD/ CAM, there is no use of pencil and a rubber to draw and design but it involves the use of computer technology to design an object. CAD is important computer software which designers use to produce an accurate object design. This software helps designers to draw different images by simply clicking at the computer buttons. The use of CAD has a number of benefits as compared to handmade designs. The objects designed using CAD is very neat and more presentable and the images can easily be modified to different formats. Currently designers use different CAD software for drawing while others use it for engineering work. It is important in performing 2-D and 3-D drawings and other structural designs. References Read More