Prevention of diseases - Assignment Example

Prevention of diseases Introduction Chronic illness, environmental pollution, domestic violence has resulted to emergence of various diseases that have claimed the lives of many people. A lot of research has been done in the field of health sciences which has helped in reducing death rates that occur due to illness such as H1N1 that claimed the lives of many individuals in 2009. However, this has not been an easy task to scientists due to emergence of different illness on daily basis. Many scientists have also done a lot of research on environmental pollutants that cause various illnesses such as asthma. Various sources of energy have been invented to reduce the risks of people being affected by environmental pollutants. Scientists have also tried developing new ways of preventing chronic illness such as H1N1 and the heart disease. Domestic violence has also contributed to health problems especially to children which may causes stress to them. This will affect their daily performance in class and even health wise. This makes research in the field of health sciences important since it will help reduce the rates at which people are affected by chronic diseases, environmental pollution, heart diseases and domestic violence related health problems. This includes stress that may affect the function of various organs in one’s body. Environmental Hazards and Public Health Over the past decades, there has been an increasing global concern over public health impacts. This has been attributed by the environmental pollution which has resulted in the emergence of various diseases. It has been estimated that approximately a quarter of the diseases facing human are brought about by the prolonged exposure to environmental pollution. This disease may be acquired during childhood which is difficult to detect or notice. The disease may then manifest itself at a later stage of the child (Parkin, 1994: p.1-21). Improper disposal of solid wastes especially the non-bio-degradable is the major cause environmental pollution. These wastes may be composed of harmful substances such as Lead, Mercury and Cadmium. This will cause implications to individuals due to the toxic gases emanating from such wastes. Children may suffer from various diseases such as asthma and mold at a very tender age due to pollution (Miller, 1976: p.23). Environmental pollution may take various forms such as water or air borne diseases depending on the mode of waste disposal. Poor disposal of highly toxic liquid materials pollutes the environment. This is common to industries that discharge toxic chemicals to water bodies or streams. This will affect individuals who use this water for domestic purposes like cooking or drinking. Mercury consumption may lead to cancer which is an incurable disease that has claimed the lives of many people. New methods should be employed to help in proper disposal of waste materials (Pellow, 2006: p.103-124). Moving vehicles also pollute the environment. The gases emitted from locomotives such as carbon monoxide is very dangerous and poisonous gas to human health. Such gases may lead to death within a short period of time if inhaled. This is so because if the gas is inhaled, it causes complications to the breathing system of human beings and can cause death instantly. Inventing new sources of energy will help to curb this menace or using (Vrijheid, 2000: p.101). However, Scientists have tried modifying and inventing new sources of fuel that are used in the industries and locomotives. The use of electricity has replaced coal that was used earlier in running heavy machineries in most factories. Treating of waste materials from industries has also helped a lot in curbing the menace of water pollution. This proposal will help address this issue of environmental pollution that has not yet been addressed in the previous researches. This is also risky as it will kill aquatic creature due to high concentration of chemical in discharged water (Lopez, 2006: p.25). Pollutant Research result or solutions Waste disposal Gases emitted( from locomotives) H1N1 (Swine Flu) preventive methods There are quite a number of infectious diseases that have claimed the lives of many people. However, scientists have carried out various researches on some of the infectious diseases in order to find their cure or prevention. This has been cumbersome as they have to concentrate on the interaction between the infectious agents, hosts and environment which may lead to disease humans. Various departments have also been formed to help in finding solutions to various infectious diseases (Grady, 1998: p.605-613). The outbreak of H1N1 (Swine Flu) caused a world-wide plague in the year 2009. According to the World Health Organization, the pandemic was over but traces of the virus were still left circulating. This made many to fear eating pork but it is confirmed that one cannot be affected if eats a properly cooked pork products (Shepherd, 1995: p.1301-1308). The H1N1 also called swine flu, has various symptoms such as fatigue, chills, runny nose, sore throat or nausea. These are some of the most common symptoms that show signs of one having affected by the infectious disease. However, if one feels difficulty in breathing, confusion, sudden dizziness or blue discoloration of the lips, he or she should seek for emergency medical care (Scherbakova, 2003: p.414-419). Just as any other infectious disease, H1N1 can also be prevented by vaccination. A lot of laboratories have produced vaccines that can be used in preventing the dangerous virus. In October 2009, the first H1N1 virus was released. In the second week of the same month, an injectable vaccine of the virus was released. This vaccine was later approved by the CDC after conducting several clinical trials that proved the effectiveness of the vaccine. This research is risky as one may be affected by the virus accidentally during the invention of the vaccine (MacMahon, 1990:765-774). The coronary heart disease preventive measures There are quite a number of chronic illnesses like arthritis and diabetes. Medical sciences have developed tremendous strides in finding efficient treatment for the physical effects of such illness. However, many individuals still face an overwhelming challenge to their emotional and mental health. Chronic illness lead to potentially stressful lifestyle change for example giving up cherished activities, getting used to new physical margin and treatment services (Wiwanitkit, 2009: p.57). Chronic diseases have caused a lot of disability and deaths too many nations such as United States. They account for ten deaths and affect life quality of over 90 millions of people worldwide. Although this disease is common and costly, they can also be prevented. This is so because most of them are linked to life choices that are within our capability. Taking a balanced diet and doing physical exercises of preventing such chronic diseases. There are several health departments that have been developed to help in preventing this illness. Health’s division of chronic disease prevention has implanted various strategies to help in reducing the incidents of chronic diseases and its related conditions (McLaws, 2009: p.267-9). The coronary heart disease has claimed the lives of many individuals. This has been so due to the treatment cost which is very expensive and many cannot afford. However, the disease can be prevented by taking various steps towards a healthier lifestyle. Adapting to healthy habits has helped many in preventing this illness by eating right, doing physical exercise and not smoking (Malik Peiris, 2009: p. 169-173). Quitting smoking is one of the ways of preventing the heart disease. This will reduce the risks of one being affected by the illness by half after a year. Staying away from cigarettes will even do you good. Physical exercise is also another way of prevented the heart disease. Exercises boost ones health as it will lower the blood pressure and cholesterol level in your body (Sinha, 2009: p.349-351). Doing exercises for about 30 minutes on daily basis will also reduce the chances of being affected by other conditions that may put your heart to stain such blood pressure. This also helps you in reaching a healthy weight and reduces stress which is factors in heart disease. Eating a heart healthier diet will also help you in managing the cholesterol and blood pressure level. However, it may be challenging to know what foodstuffs one should take, you should then seek help from a nutrionist (Denholm, 2010: p.84). Despite all this vaccines, the CDC says that the best way to prevent the H1N1 virus is to avoid the exposure to the virus. This can be done by washing your hands frequently, avoiding physical contact to someone with flu symptoms and avoid touching your nose or mouth using your hands. Keeping good hygiene is very important as it may help in preventing the spread of the virus. However, putting on of fake masks can also help prevent getting air bone flu viruses. In the case of breastfeeding mothers, the mother should not feed the baby on her milk but instead feed her on someone else milk. This will reduce the chances of the child getting affected by the virus (Berlin, 1990: p.612-628). Lack of proper equipment’s may put one’s life at a risk of being affected by this chronic disease either through blood transfusion or contact. The coronary heart disease preventive measures There are quite a number of chronic illnesses like AIDS, arthritis, diabetes and fatigue. Medical sciences have developed tremendous strides in finding efficient treatment for the physical effects of such illness. However, many individuals still face an overwhelming challenge to their emotional and mental health. The biggest worry with such illness is the uncertainty that is brought with the illness as the condition may be periodic and long lasting. Chronic illness lead to potentially stressful lifestyle change for example giving up cherished activities, getting used to new physical margin and treatment services (Wiwanitkit, 2009: p.57). Chronic diseases have caused a lot of disability and deaths too many nations such as United States. They account for ten deaths and affect life quality of over 90 millions of people worldwide. Although this disease is common and costly, they can also be prevented. This is so because most of them are linked to life choices that are within our capability. Taking a balanced diet and doing physical exercises of preventing such chronic diseases. There are several health departments that have been developed to help in preventing this illness. Health’s division of chronic disease prevention has implanted various strategies to help in reducing the incidents of chronic diseases and its related conditions (McLaws, 2009: p.267-9). The coronary heart disease has claimed the lives of many individuals. This has been so due to the treatment cost which is very expensive and many cannot afford. However, the disease can be prevented by taking various steps towards a healthier lifestyle. Adapting to healthy habits has helped many in preventing this illness by eating right, doing physical exercise and not smoking (Malik Peiris, 2009: p. 169-173). Quitting smoking is one of the ways of preventing the heart disease. Staying away from cigarettes will even do you good. Physical exercise is also another way of prevented the heart disease. Exercises boost ones health as it will lower the blood pressure and cholesterol level in your body (Sinha, 2009: p.349-351). Doing exercises for about 30 minutes on daily basis will also reduce the chances of being affected by other conditions that may put your heart to stain such blood pressure (Denholm, 2010: p.84). Impacts of domestic violence to children’s health Domestic violence has been one of the key factors that have led to separation of many families. Young youths and children are exposed to domestic violence at a tender age. The child will experience mental, emotional and social damage which can affect their development growth. However, some children may lose the ability to feel empathy whereas others may feel isolated socially and find it difficult to make friends due to social discomfort and confusion. This is so because children witness three quarter of the abusive incidents between their parents (Campbell, 2002: p.1331-1336). In countries such as New Zealand, children are exposed to domestic violence since they are living in a war zone. The environment is usually characterized by frustration, cruelty, fear and violence. A research that was conducted revealed that children of any age are affected by violence between their caregivers (Tolman, 2001: p.141-158). However, the domestic violence may affect a child depending on various factors. Resilience, age and support from the family and predictability of the violence. If the child is too you, he or she may have poor brain and health development, poor sleeping patters and cry most of the time. With toddlers, this may be a different case. To preschoolers, such violence may make them be very distressed or even show verbal aggression. Domestic violence may also affect adolescent children negatively. Long term domestic violence may also make one to lose his or her job due to absenteeism. This may result from illness due to the violence (Fantuzzo, 1999: p.21-32). The kids will always be hurt whenever they see their parents hit or push each other. This may cause stress, confusion and shame to them as well. Boys who see their fathers beat their mothers are likely to follow the same line and abuse their future wives. Long term violence may also join bad companies like become drugs abusers or get involved in abusive relationships. If the violence goes on, the child may feel frustrated and commit suicide or separate him or herself from the family (Fischbach, 1997: p.1161-1176). In other words, domestic violence is unhealthy for children. This will make the child react in different ways to the environment depending on the kid’s age and gender. Such children are likely to develop physiological and behavioral challenges than those who are not. This will cause a lot of stress and the child be stigmatized. This research will focus majorly on ways of reducing domestic violence and how to relieve children from such traumas. The trauma the child may experience will affect their development and this may advance up to their adulthood (Blakely, 1996: p.281-293). Methodology used Participants NAME PROFFESSION AGE GENDER LOCATION Material/Apparatus This research proposal will require a well-equipped laboratory with various instruments like the microscope. Procedure Gather or collect data from various places. Carry out experiments. Compare and analyze the results. Find solution to the problem or how to improve them. Implement the solution. Conclusion In a nutshell, a lot of research should still be carried out in the sector. This will reduce the common cases of emergence of new chronic illness. Some of the chronic diseases can be prevented if by avoiding contact with the infected persons. Coronary heart disease is also one of the chronic illnesses that has claimed the lives of many especially the smokers. Stress due to domestic violence can also lead to such illness which may deteriorate one’s health. On the other hand, environmental pollution also affects human health and a lot of research should be carried to reduce such cases. Bibliography Doran, J. W., & Parkin, T. B. (1994). Defining and assessing soil quality. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, (definingsoilqua), 1-21. Arbuckle, J. G., James, M. A., Miller, M. L., & Sullivan, T. F. (1976). Environmental law handbook. Brulle, R. J., & Pellow, D. N. (2006). Environmental justice: human health and environmental inequalities. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 27, 103-124. Vrijheid, M. (2000). Health effects of residence near hazardous waste landfill sites: a review of epidemiologic literature. Environmental health perspectives, 108(Suppl 1), 101. Lopez, R. P., & Hynes, H. P. (2006). 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