Maternal Depression as a Risk Factor in Toddlers and Adolescents - Essay Example

Maternal Depression as a Risk Factor in Toddlers and Adolescents Introduction Most of the researchers have not given relevant clarification concerning negative effects of maternal development process in toddlers and adolescent. However, it still helps in identifying how maternal depression has a direct impact in growth and development in children. Maternal depression accounts as one of the risks factors that determine both socio-emotional and cognitive development among toddlers and adolescence children. The above theory points out that the prevalence rate of depression especially in western countries are almost similar. Besides, the prevalence rate is also higher in countries where women population exceeds the population of male counterparts. It has been noted that women who are at the childbearing age experience high rate social morbidity characterized by symptoms of fatigue, which are substantial effects of depression at primary level (CPS, 2004). From an empirical study of social development, researchers confirm that the maternal depression and paternal psychology are possible derivable outcomes from a positive provident diagnosis from mothers who show symptoms of fatigue. Forming part of the above illustration, the theory confirms that the maternal depression of a child is positively linked to relations that are associated within the family cycle (CPS, 2004). Another possible analysis identifies that negative paternal interaction between children and their mothers’ attributes to several conditions that are recursive during the development of a child only to be experienced later a child is approaching an adolescence stage. According to Zimmermann’s (2004), paternal psychopathology point of view, there are more chances of psychopathology reoccurrence in married couples than those in an open relationship. However, the rate of depression in the above case varies considerably depending on the family risk factors. Moreover, the theory clarifies that the maternal depression in children has got various indices because some people earlier signs while it comes late in some people with normative development. Possible reviews from psychological scholars show that it is quite easy to identify the presence of maternal depression in a person depending on the chronic level and recent are the materials used to carryout the test process. Based on the above theory, researchers argue that the majority of postnatal depressed mothers do not have specific regulated attention as their arrangement structure tends to assume different orders. Besides, it is disclosed that infants show highest rate of interdependency in relation to cognitive performance compared to their depressed mothers during their development process. There is also a clarification that infants receive less motivation from a depressed mother, which in turn discourages social development and intellectual performance of children right from the age of a toddler to the preceding adolescence stage. A mother who is undergoing a negative depression is more likely to influence infants to adapt a similar state more easily because of high chances of physical interactions compared to adults who are embracing simple association. The potential status of affects that children exhibit make them more likely to lose potentiality to conceptualize intelligence data clarifies (Zimmermann, 2004). Maternal Depression in relation to toddlers and Adolescence Most articles give contrasting information that young children and teenagers of mothers associated by depression are often associated by adaptive distortion. Despite the fact, the situation may vary considerably, and there is possible links between such behavior children’s age, community of origin and parental intimacy relationship as factors that determine the depression status of the mother and mental developmental status of the children. Moreover, it has been identified that paternal disorder of a parent highly influences the development of their children. A family whose parental psychological status is characterized by depression accounts for the highest degree positive psychiatric results of negative child developmental status that starts right from the age of a toddler to the point a person is experiencing an adolescence stage. Scholars also argue that depression condition of parents that come right before the age of 29 years accounts for maximum positive results of children associated by children associated with status of depression, and the above is mostly enhanced by genetic susceptibility (Claude, 2004). Claude (2004) confirms how children approaching puberty stage are the most vulnerable concerning affective distortion and depression. Besides, the status of depression as in the case above culminates most in a female gender compared to their male counterparts. Moreover, there is also a higher possibility that parents who are experiencing psychological digression status without appropriate measures of control shows highest possibility of influencing retarded growth and development of their children in comparison to those who have since taken an adequate psychiatric measure of control. Failure of taking enough precaution measure to curb the prevalence of depression in parents at the childbearing age lead to the highest number of children who are engage in unwarranted behaviors such as abusing of drugs a possible younger age or a lot of indiscipline characterized by being tough even to older members of the society. From a special test conducted to determine how depression of parents relates to the status of development in toddlers and adolescence children in the United States, it is noted that the highest number of children with affective development are mostly from parents with similar status as compared to those who have had their status under control. There is more clarification to childs development and related illness into persistence and become vehemently visible as one grows towards an adolescences stage. As such, issues such as learning and intellectual capability often go down in children whose parents have failed to take the right precautionary measures at an early stage leading to less reduced behavioral dysfunction that mostly results from effects of paternal depression. Other than the factors enlightened above, contextual risks such as poverty, lower status of the community and insufficient social support also attributes to a good population of depressed parents that later translates into growth and development of their children. From the above result, it is clear to note that maternal depression highly determines a child behavior through his growth and developmental process (Slominski, 2010). Treatment mechanism of paternal depression Pharmacotherapy Pharmacotherapy entails a treatment mechanism involving the use of both administrative drugs long with the other necessary modalities through an experienced pharmaceutical or clinician. Since most of paternal depression are mostly common during the child bearing age, drugs such as antidepressant should be provided at different duration to mothers who show signs of such kind of a disorder. However, adequate precautions must be taken while discharging such medicine to patients who are in the recovery process of depression because it will increase chances of deterioration. Besides, the discharge of medicine, such patients should be exposed to good nutrition, adequate prenatal care and be advised to keep off from taking dangerous drugs. With respect to pharmacotherapy, initial unresolved depression during earlier pregnancies must be brought o light because use of certain drugs after a specific duration become resistant (Kelley & Jennings, 2003). Family therapy The above type of therapy revolves around family engagement with a lot of focus mainly communication. With respect to the above concept, toddlers and adolescence children at the school going age from paternal depressed parents are often the benefactor. The above mode of treatment involves adolescence children and paternally depressed parents engaged in a discursive session through an experienced clinician who emphasis about the need for positive communication within the family concerning paternal depression, symptoms and control mechanism. However, the whole process must be moderated through a clinical expert who gives support and better clarification concerning the need for communication as a way of eradicating effectiveness and illness associated by paternal disorders (Kelley & Jennings, 2003). Psychotherapy Psychotherapy depends on the relationship between the mother and the sibling especially during the early period of birth. It uses a collaborative approach to enhance the relationship between the patient and a psychologist, and it mainly drives through an aspect of dialogue. Its main objective is to provide supportive dialogue enabling free and open speech to identify a change of a behavioral pattern. Through Psychotherapy, paternal will not only be solved, but additional skills are also learnt to combat future presence of paternal disorders (Kelley & Jennings, 2003). Practical application for treating paternal disorders Based on Kelley & Jennings (2003), Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as one of the practical approaches in correcting paternal disorders, it applies in both clinical and nonclinical environment in treating chronic fatigue syndrome. Tests mediated in Europe in the past two years indicated 70& of women who have embraced the cognitive therapy almost 50% have showed a positive response. An alternative possible study also showed that 3%v of patient undergoing cognitive treatment, 80% develop positively with only 14% showing laxity at the initial stages. Another applicable approach is family therapy that is mostly engaged within a family setup. Statistics from most scholars shows that 10 out of 15 participants where it is applied shows more positive response since it engages the use of family relations. family couples including high-level dignitaries 97 percent shows that it is of a positive result while 93 of those of have used the mode of treatment indicate that it uses the right tools in handling of the problem (Kelley & Jennings, 2003). Conclusion Maternal depression has been pointed out as a detrimental factor enhancing negative behavior in the developmental process of young children. The paper clarifies those young children who undergo maternal depression shows the highest degree in relapse of positive behavior. Ultimately, family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy has been identified as applicable concepts in correcting the above disorders. References Claude, A. (2004). Maternal depression and child development. Position statement Sept, 3 rd 2004. Canadian Paedriatic society. (2004). Maternal depression and child development. Paeditr Child Health. Oct 2004;9(8): 575-583. Slominski, L. (2010). The Effects of Parental Mental Illness on Children: Pathways to Risk to Resilience from Infancy to Adulthood. The University of Michigan August, 14th 2010 Zimmermann, P. (2004). Attachment representations and characteristics of friendship relations during adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88 (1), 83. Kelley, S. A., & Jennings, K. D. (2003). Putting the pieces together: Maternal depression, maternal behavior, and toddler helplessness. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24, 74–90. Read More