Blood Pressure Programme for African-Caribbean - Essay Example

Health Education Programme: Blood Pressure Programme for African-Caribbean at Fulham Catholic Church Term Paper Word Count INTRODUCTION High blood pressure is a common serious disease in the UK and a contributor of other related chronic illnesses such as diabetes. Around 5.7% of the African-Caribbean demographic live with diabetes, which makes up about 4.4% of the entire UK population. This percentage is significant and a reason for pertinent bodies and individuals to take action. Suitable amounts of glucose and blood pressure moderation lower the risk of high blood pressure and diabetes. Nonetheless, this means high blood pressure sufferers have to be in touch with medical practitioners and experience a rise in prescribed medicine. Rates of treatment in the UK by high blood pressure sufferers are low, which is attributed often to noncompliance with medicine entities. The following paper is a plan for a health education programme concerning high blood pressure, to be held in Fulham Catholic Church for African-Caribbeans using Beattie’s Model of Health Promotion. BACKGROUND High blood pressure is a common health challenge in the UK, especially within the African-Caribbean community. As a result, UK residents need to know about this risk and ways they can minimize them to increase lifespans and lower healthcare costs. Researchers Michelle Hubbard, Mark Avis, and Ken Brown conducted a study to acquire an insight of the way health beliefs affect the manner in which the African-Caribbean community suffering from diabetes deal with the disease. Hubbard, Avis, and Brown used one-to-one interviews on subjects from Inner-city Nottingham between 2003 and 2004. The study recorded and analysed a sample of 16 African-Caribbean subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The research found out that childhood memories from the Caribbean, migration to the UK, and peers and relatives’ experiences with living with diabetes affected study subjects significantly. This effect affected the way the subjects dealt with their diagnoses of diabetes. The subjects’ insight and awareness of diabetes was below average, which possibly caused them to distrust or undervalue treatment and advice from professional medical practitioners. The research deduced that the discovered effects and relationships between memory and experience determine the way African-Caribbean suffers of diabetes deal with the illness. Another study conducted by researchers at Imperial College, London studied the treatments of 8,876 individuals with high blood pressure by 16 surgical procedures in Wandsworth, London. The results showed that African-Caribbeans in the UK are at a risk of contracting high blood pressure, diabetes, and prostate cancer more than individuals from other ethnicities are. The researchers do admit that the cause for this new high risk is unknown although they suspect links to food, lifestyles, and the body’s uncertain ways of storing fat. The study also found out that the African-Caribbean demographic does not get their high blood pressure sufficiently moderated as often or much as their White equals. Unlike African-Caribbeans, Whites in the UK have about two additional risk factors for heart illnesses and moderated blood pressure in contrast to African-Caribbean individuals. This moderated blood pressure was -9.4mmHg in White patients and 0.6mmHg in African-Caribbeans. The research deduced that QoF (Quality and Outcomes Framework) pay and performance project is unsuccessful in guaranteeing the best treatment of high blood pressure for minorities in the UK. AIM To raise awareness about the importance of self-education, self-development, and alter behaviour to lower the risk of high blood pressure in African-Caribbean participants at the Fulham Catholic Church, as well as improve their diet and lifestyles. OBJECTIVES Model Application The programme will apply Beattie’s Model of Health Promotion to complete its objectives. First, Beattie’s model should enable this programme to scrutinise existing and former health promotion approaches and the programme’s roles of reducing chronic illnesses in the Fulham Catholic Church community. Second, the programme will use the Beattie model to exploit the resource of develop existing practices and produce new approaches for effective health promotion. Objectives To guide participants to dwell on their illnesses and effects on their lives To motivate participants to ponder on the conditions of their future health To record improvements in participants’ behaviours and knowledge To accomplish low body weight To attain controlled blood pressure To examine the anticipations, accomplishments, views, and experiences of participants PROGRAMME OUTLINE Partners The programme will partner with the coordinating committee at NHBPEP (the National High Blood Pressure Education Program) because of its mission to put study findings to practice. This mission is especially helpful to this programme because of the committee’s commitment to building guidelines, advisories, and declarations for medical and civic health institutions. The committee has a record of issuing new and stronger proof for recommending changes in diets and the lifestyles of high blood pressure sufferers in UK’s African-Caribbean community. NHBPEP will also fund the overall implementation of the education programme. The coordinating committee can provide volunteering reviewers and working team members without compensation. A second partner is NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) because of its history of taking measures to update or improve obsolete appraisals or study findings. NHLBI will fund the assembly of the programme report and planning drafts. To do this, NHLBI collaborated with appointees from NHBPEP’s coordinating committee to carry out a MEDLINE search through English medical periodicals to update its 1993 report. The search entailed subheadings and terms such as high blood pressure, exercise, weight moderation, and diet. As a partner, NHLBI could come up with a near-similar approach for this education programme to pinpoint fields that require soon or later attention and bring together a working draft of this plan. Training Programme for the Partners I. NHBPEP will tabulate additions and changes made to the programme’s working draft and discuss them amongst its members through teleconferencing or email. This procedure will carry on in a reiterative manner among partners of the working team, NHBPEP staffers, and cochairs. II. Cochairs should arbitrate differing views and email the assembled programme draft to the working team for their last remarks. III. The representatives from both NHBPEP and NHLBI revise the final working draft and send it to their respective coordinating committee representatives for analysis and remarks. The remarks will be both verbal and written, and included in the draft for future review. IV. Hold two separate meetings of NHLBI and NHBPEP staffers and cochairs to tackle and integrate remarks about the final programme plan draft by coordinating committee representatives. V. Prepare a second to last draft after reviewing the coordinating committee representatives’ remarks and forward it to them for a unanimous consent. Sessions Three sessions will be conducted over a period of 95 days. The sessions are products of the Beattie’s Model of Health Promotion, and both qualitative and quantitative research designs. i. The first session will be the documentation of 81 non-participant observations by working groups on a sample of 416 African-Caribbean members of the Fulham Catholic Church. ii. The second session will be the random filling of 412 mail questionnaires to sample participants who have had their blood pressures tested. iii. Lastly, a session of 30 semi-organised interviews with ten medical practitioners selected by both partners will be performed. PROGRAMME DETAILS Session One Fifteen staffers and cochairs from NHLBI and 12 from NHBPEP will conduct 81 non-participant observations of the lifestyles and dietary behaviours of the entire sample. The working team will observe willing participants in hospitals, at the church, at work, and home. This session will also entail the analysis of field notes made by the observers using the grounded hypothesis strategy. Session Two The working team will mail 412 questionnaires to active participants between the ages of 21 and 49 years old. The remaining four participants will inactively make up the control sample for the programme. The mailed questionnaires will include the participants’ fitness and lifestyles, along with any health encouragement data their doctors may have forwarded to them. This session will be considered successful if at least 71% of the active participants respond to the questionnaires promptly and appropriately. Lastly, the working group will conduct a statistical analysis of the attained questionnaire responses using the SPSS software for iOS 3. Session Three This health promotion program will be ongoing for a month at the Fulham Catholic Church hall. The program will also comprise of three-hour stopovers and hour-long telephone sessions that will be fostered by health experts. The program also has central sections with every session aimed at satisfying participant needs concerning high blood pressure, including households that do not normally enjoy ordinary treatment. Naidoo and Wills backed the idea that people able to make informed decisions are appropriate for education.1 As a result, a target audience of the African-Caribbean community should feel encouraged to attend this health education initiative by Bettie’s approaches. The program will train health care experts through instructional videos and DVDs to bring them up speed with the skills and knowledge essential for the program by the opening week. All through the telephone session, health experts will carry out an updated evaluation of subjects that will present opportunities for them to pose queries regularly. Furthermore, the health experts will encourage the program’s subjects to talk about their concerns while motivating the positive overseeing approaches and assisting to resolve hardships they faced. Application of Beattie’s Model I will determine my target audience and the length of the program using Bettie’s 1991 Model of Health Promotion. This program will target African-Caribbeans in the Fulham Catholic Church between the ages of 40 and 60. Bettie’s 1991 Model of Health Promotion encourages a target audience that can go along with a personal counselling and legislative course of action. This requirement means that the target audience has to be old enough to understand the law and its consequences on their decisions. Adulthood is crucial for this program since Bettie uses a negotiation and authority plane for interrogation2. The NSF (National Service Framework) used this model of health promotion to encourage eating and exercise.3 The same approach is suitable for making an adult target audience learn about the risks of high blood pressure. This blood pressure awareness program will help the African-Caribbean community between the years of 40 and 60 at the Fulham Catholic Church to be hopeful about the future of their blood pressure. The program will also concentrate on both temporary and long-lasting goal to oversee their health proficiently. The BHF recommends the establishment of electric blood invigilators in stores. In addition, the BHF recommends the purchase of any blood pressure testing kits by health-conscious individuals4. Individuals from a household with a history of hypertension most likely have an opportunity to decrease the odds of acquiring the illness through a healthy diet and way of living. Doctors have to provide information that teaches ways people can avoid high blood pressure and assist others with the condition for improved health management. This health education program for the African-Caribbean community at the Fulham Catholic Church will be successful. METHODS OF EVALUATION I will employ a social media campaign on the platforms Facebook and Twitter to gather respondent opinions prior to and following the launch of the program. In addition, I will disseminate inquiry forms and response sheets as part of the campaign and promotion program. The assessment of these data collection methods ought to emphasize the main characteristics of the program like its subjects’ feedback about the program. This assessment may require the project members to carry out interviews and gather responses from the subjects and health promotion experts. BARRIERS I will face several obstacles while implementing this health promotion program. In 2014, researchers Evans, Coutsaftiki, and Fathers said testing a student’s ability to learn is a crucial beginning for any education program.5 Taking this discovery and Prochaska and DiClemente’s second stage of “Contemplation” in their change model change into account, I will ask my subjects about the existing knowledge and material they expect to learn at the beginning of my health promotion program.6 They move the program from this perspective is to empower the African-Caribbean community at the Fulham Catholic Church by offering them all the essential knowledge I feel is pivotal for making a substantial change in their well-being. Health Awareness In 2012, WHO defined health awareness as the ability of a person to approach and utilise health knowledge to make appropriate health choices and sustain his or her health. This definition included whether the person could process his or her verbal skills to convey the health needs to be professional.7 In addition, the person’s ability to comprehend health data, literacy, and ability to act on received instructions also matters. Health literacy may act as a language obstacle for this program since a majority of the African Caribbean community at the Fulham Catholic Church is not fluent in English. As a result, comprehending and collecting effective findings may prove difficult for this program. Self-awareness of Health Literacy A significant number of African-American collegians in the UK do not know their statuses of health literacy. It becomes an additional task for this program to make this demographic aware of its health literacy. Respondents and their relatives can evaluate their opinions of the program on a 1-10 scale in terms of how sensitive the program was to their expectations. The second survey asked respondent relatives to assert their feelings of the first of the program in contrast. A final poll determined the respondents’ ideas and feelings towards the program’s end and accomplishments. I will carry out a planning evaluation at the end of the health program to determine accomplishments, gaps, and mistakes. Reluctance to View GP The African Caribbean community in the Fulham Catholic Church is largely unwilling to view its GP statistics. Project members will collect response all through self-reflection surveys supervised by the relatives of project respondents. The program will differentiate parents or guardians as eligible for collecting responses under the program for slightly more than a month. Siblings and participants will then complete three surveys. A pre-program appraisal should also determine what respondents and their relatives thought of the program at its onset in contrast to a series of remarks by fellow respondents. Inadequate Resources An insufficient amount of resources will certainly prevents my program from reaching its target group effectively. Teaching about high blood pressure to the African Caribbean community in the Fulham Catholic Church the conduction and realisation of the goals of this program. The program may be successful by applying a peer learning strategy that counters the lack of self-empowerment, self-efficiency, inspiration, and flexibility. Researchers Scriven et al argued that making of the decisions and implementing them as beneficial for high blood pressure sufferers though this is not the only advantage that is in line with a healthier way of living like better health and happiness. However, a boost in self-esteem can result from the ceiling of being in active control of the health aspect of life.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY BANDURA, A., ‘Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behaviour change,’ Psychology Review, 84 (1977), 191-215. BEATTIE, A., Knowledge and control in Health promotion: Attested case for social policy and social theory, Sociology of health service (London: Routledge, 1991). BRITISH HYPERTENSION SOCIETY, NICE/BHS Hypertension Guideline Review, 28 June (2006). www.bhsoc.org (Accessed on 7/03/2015). CONEN, D. et al., Risk of cardiovascular events among women with high normal blood pressure or blood pressure progression: prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal; doi: 10 (2007), 1136/bmj.39269.672188.AE.www.bmj.com EVANS, D., COUTSAFTIK, D. and FATHER, C. P., Health Promotion and Public Health for nursing students, 2nd edn (Sage: London, 2014). htt://www.application.emro.int/dsaf/EMBPUB-2012 pdf WHO (2012) Health education theatrical concepts, effective strategies and core competence (Accessed on 23/03/2015). Http//www. Applications.emro-int/dsaf/EMRPUB-2012-EN-1362.pdf WHO (2012) Health education theatrical concepts, effective strategies and core competence (accessed on 25/03/2015) NAIDOO, J. and WILLS, J., Developing practice for public health and health promotion, 3rd edn (Oxford: Elsevier, 2010). NICE, Hypertension: Management of Hypertension in Adults in Primary Care (London: NICE, 2006). www.nice.org.uk and www.Nursingtimes.net (Accessed on 7/03/2015). PROCHASKA, J. O., and DICLEMENTE, C. C., Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change, Psychotherapy: Theory Research and Practice, 20 (1982). SCRIVEN, A., EWELES, L., SIMNETT, I., and Parish, R., Promopting health a practical guide (Elsevier: London, 2010). Read More