Industrial Revolution in England - Book Report/Review Example

1. Introduction The main objective of this paper is to compare conventional sources of research with that of new media sources like the internet. Wewill look into information obtain from the Hobson book and then take a look at the different search engines that are provided online and can used for research purposes. 2 Author and Book Hobsbon on industrialisation 2.1 Searching for the book I found the book after I searched in the database by using the keyword ‘Industrial Revolution.’ 2.2 Summary of book In the eighteenth century, a sequence of innovations changed the production of cotton in England and gave mount to a new mode or manufacturing in the factory system. During that era, other subdivision of industry caused similar enhancement, and all these combined, communally emphasizing one another, made potentially additional increase on an ever-widening front. The profusion and diversity of these inventions roughly challenge collection, but they may be included under three principle standards. First, the replacement of machines -- quick, usual, particular, untiring for human skill and effort. Second, the replacement of inanimate for animate basis of authority, in exacting, the foreword of engines for renovating heat into work, thereby paving way for man a new and roughly limitless contribution of power. Third, the use of innovative and far more plentiful natural resources, in exacting, the replacement of mineral for vegetable or animal matter. These enhancements comprise of the Industrial Revolution. The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England is multifarious and diverse. The Industrial Revolution is even now a topic of immense chronological discussion over origins, advancement, intensification and outcome. This discussion has been flaring among historians ever since, at least, the mid 1880’s. Arnold Toynbee was an English Historian about the causes of the Industrial Revolution in England and had an expertise to be in a reasonably excellent situation to calculate that the revolution in industry had reached a conclusion that England had, by the 1880s, carried on with more than a century of industrialization. Historians have now established that commencement in the 17th century and progressing throughout the 18th century, England observed an agricultural revolution. English (and Dutch) farmers were the most productive farmers of the century and were recurrently assuming new techniques of cultivation and conducting experiment with new sorts of vegetables and grains. They also read a great deal about dung and other fertilizers. In other words, many English farmers were taking care of farming using knowledge, and all this awareness ultimately resulted in better harvest. Was the English farmer more innovative than his French corresponding partner? Maybe, but not by advantage of cleverness unaccompanied. English society was far more uncluttered than French -- there were no labor requirement to the aristocrat. The English farmer could move about his environment or the nation to put up his merchandise for sale, while the French farmer was compelled by direct and indirect duty, tariffs or other kinds of limitations. In 1700, 80% of the populace of England earned its proceeds from the territory. A century later, that number had slumped to 40%. 3. First link http://science.jrank.org/pages/3574/Industrial-Revolution-Effects-Industrial-Revolution.html 3.1 First search Engine This was found using google.com and by using the words industrial revolution. I did have to refine my 3.2 Summary of site and topic For the purpose of this paper I used yahoo.com and google.com to look for material on the given topic i.e. industrial revolution. Both the search engines delivered high number of results but many of them were irrelevant. They showed that the industrial revolution resulted in a striking transformation in almost every characteristic of the British social order, comprising of demographics, political affairs, social life and establishment, and the financial system. 3.3 Who produced the site? Educational website used by many students and produced by many people. 3.4 Is this a suitable website for an IS1103 researcher to use? The link wasn’t comprehensive enough to be used by any researcher let alone an IS1103 researcher. Under the system mentioned above, merchants used to get as much material and labour as they wanted. The merchants would invest in the whole process. On the other hand, the labour had much freedom and used to work at their own speed. From time to time, they rented help and had trainees. They, over and over again, received work from numerous merchants simultaneously. For the merchants, the domestic system had many flaws, at least two of which were regulating criterion of labour and arranging time tables for implementation of work. Employees used to, some of the time, sell the cloth to get extra earnings. As the demand for cloth increased, the competition among merchants increased as there was limited amount of workforce. This resulted in an increase in merchant cost. Consequently, the merchants looked more towards machinery and mills for the central control of their employees. The English economy witnessed a massive increase in growth in the cotton manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution. The mills that had to manufacture cotton became a legacy of that era. With a massive escalation in the living population and the way British Empire was expanding day by day, the market potential of cotton was more than enough and the importance of cotton producing mills was enhancing immensely. 3.5 Was the information reliable? The information had references and sources hence it was reliable and credible. 4 http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html 4.1 Second search Engine Yahoo.com was used with similar inputs to get the results for this keyword i.e. industrial revolution. 4.2 Summary of site and topic The increase in factories, for the sake of an example, got people to migrate more toward cities. The amount of cities with populace of over 20,000 in England and Wales grew from 12 in 1800 to approximately 200 before the end of the century. As an explicit exemplar of the impacts of industrial variation on demographics, the development of coke smelting ended in a swing of populace demographics in England to the north and west from the south and east. The links 4.3 Who produced the site? It is a site dedicated to history and can be seen as good source for information. 4.4 Is this a suitable website for an IS1103 researcher to use? The site was extremely well developed and had a lot of information for me to use for any report that I might need. It also had references and a lot of information that was in the book was in the site as well. The results showed me more or less the same thing that the book did, however, it was in a way that was best because I did not get bored or confused. As per the results the single most extravagant change that was brought upon by the Industrial Revolution was by the initiation of power driven machinery in the textile industries of England, between the years 1750 and 1800 and manifested the beginning of the era of Modern Factory. Before the Industrial Revolution, the merchants of the textile Industry paid for the raw materials, and dispersed it among employees who lived mostly in the countryside. A number of employees used to rotate the plant and animal fibres into yarn, and others interlaced the yarn into the fabric. This arrangement was known as domestic or cottage industry. 4.5 Was the information reliable? The material had proper sources hence was credible and could be cited or used otherwise. 5 Conclusion The class difference, which replicates the clash between the upper classes and merchant class for standing during Britains transformation to an urban financial system, paves way for an evaluation between their employees. The theme is that the honesty and intellect of social position of the servant caste has been diluted by the Industrial Revolution. One discovers the operational circumstances and procedures of coal mining in the l8th and l9th centuries to be perilous, at most excellent, and suicidal at most terrible. This coal industry, even nowadays, aggravate thoughts of vulnerability at every point or situation. During the l8th and 19th centuries, one constantly finds precise jobs in mining in which it was obligatory for the worker to have a “death wish” of some kind. All coal mining had one peculiarity frequent; the group of coal was consummated exclusively by muscle power—animal, man, woman and child, the last being the most sought-after for their size. The procedure of eradicating the coal was clearly as slow as it was dirty. Coal was moved along a horizontal tunnel by the basketful and hauled up a perpendicular shaft to the facade. Later, the underground movement of coal was shifted up by the exploitation of horses and carts on rail. The production of coal augmented progressively, from 2 1/2 million to more than 15 million tons by 1829. Development in coal mining came in the form of better tunnel aeration, improved underground and surface transportation, the use of gunpowder to ignite away at the coal stratum, and enhanced tunnel illumination throughout the use of safety lantern. The Industrial Revolution, in part, was fueled by the economic necessity of many women, single and married, to find waged work outside their home. Women mostly found jobs in domestic service, textile factories, and piece work shops. They also worked in the coal mines. For some, the Industrial Revolution provided independent wages, mobility and a better standard of living. For the majority, however, factory work in the early years of the 19th century resulted in a life of hardship. References http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html http://science.jrank.org/pages/3574/Industrial-Revolution-Effects-Industrial-Revolution.html Appendix Read More