Communication Systems & Electromagnetic Compatibility - Essay Example

Communication Systems & Electromagnetic Compatibility Climate change and green house gas emission are one of the biggest problems the world is facing today. Green house gas emissions from the vehicles, power generation plants and factories suspend into the atmosphere and builds a layer that allow the solar radiation but do not allow the solar radiation to escape out of the atmosphere, thus the temperature keep rising. Now the temperature of the earth has risen 0.8 to 1 degree averagely. In hotter regions, such a small increase can be neglected but in colder regions, where a little drop in a temperature matters a lot, the increase in the temperature could be fatal. The Melting of the Atlantic glaciers is an impact of the climate change. On the other hand, the rise in the temperature altered the hydrologic cycles all around the world. Recent droughts in some African portions of the world are the affect of the climate change. The intensity in the rainfalls, cyclones, etc is also an impact of the climate change. The loss in the biodiversity of the planet is considered as the major loss of the planet, as animals and plants are here to maintain balance of the world. The more the grazers, the less will be the grass and then grazers will die with hunger and illness and pollute the environment with harmful bacteria and other harmful microorganism. Thus it is important to have predators and carnivorous animals that eat the grazing animals to maintain the balance. Climate change is disturbing the balance of the world thus it is important to control it before our next generations blame us for this thing (Frenzel, 2009, p48-152). Nearly all the industries are influenced with the climate change. Energy sector, food sector, etc are all influenced by the climate change. The telecommunication sector is also considered to be influenced by the climate change. In the past decade the Information and Communication Technologies enhanced and thus helped people in many ways like better communication, rapid access to information, etc (Frenzel, 2009, p48-152). However, climate change also has an impact on the Information and Communication Technologies. Communication is considered as the world’s most desired need, as communication is made easier and reliable. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Infrastructure Information and Communication Technologies have a set environment and it is not easier to understand the ICT environment. A typical ICT environment may influence the four major sectors which are Energy, Transport, communication and water. The infrastructure impacts the fours sectors positively as well as negatively. The major positive impact of the ICT is the increase in the communication and easier access to information (Green, 2000, p38-119). The major goals of the ICT infrastructure are to provide better communication services, provide Wi-Fi internet services, provide secured fibre optic network for larger bandwidths, encourage digital networks, prevent server from any external or internal threats and to avoid the infrastructure from any impact of the climate change. Climate Change and Information and Communication Technologies Wi-Fi connections are highly affected because of environmental changes. These connections are highly at danger or minimized because of drastic environmental changes. According to the research and report, increasing temperature is the main reason of lessening the range of Wi-Fi connections. Rainstorms have extensive impacts on consistency of the Wi-Fi connection (Carrington, 2011). Dry and wet seasons also have an adverse effect for example destruction of connection poles and underground wires. Increasing rate of droughts, floods and mounting sea level are also the main reason of destruction of Wi-Fi connection (Carrington, 2011). Climate changes also have an adverse effect on telecommunication. Higher degree of temperature and storms also create destruction such as falling of trees on the lines etc. in UK this is also reported that expansion of plants also has an adverse effects on radio beams. To make many layers of roads has to make for the protection from rising temperature due to which road material melts (Carrington, 2011). Rail tracks should make heat resistant for the protection from increasing temperature. Strengthening of roads and train tracks can save the damage from storm and flood. Thick and tough cable layer can protect the wire extension and drooping in rising temperature. Strong covering should prepare for the protection of Fossil fuels and nuclear power stations. Wind turbines must be strong so that that they have the ability to cope with strong and powerful winds (Carrington, 2011). Flood is the main problem, which, is growing between the communications. This is also reported that UK is investing lot of money on the infrastructure so that they could protect themselves from the serious damage. Government emphasizes that public should give donation for the coastal defences (Carrington, 2011). As the population of the world is increasing, the demand for the communication is also rising. It is estimated that the world’s population increased about 1 billion in the par 10 years. Mobile phone in some of the bigger cities is considered as the most common essential thing a person can have. Internet is utilized by several million persons each day; telephone is utilized by several million people each day to fulfil the communication requirements (Carrington, 2011). Threats Associated to the Climate Change ICT infrastructure is much sensitive to climate change responsive nature of the ICT infrastructure. Any communication system transmits and receives data by utilizing different methods and technologies (Cisco.com. 2012). All the sectors of the ICT infrastructure interconnect the communication system. The interconnection benefits a lot but it has some drawbacks like if one system fails, the whole infrastructure comes to risk. If climate change affects one sectors of the ICT, all the other sectors are influenced by the change. Climate can affect the ICT infrastructure in two different ways: Affect of Climatic disasters (rapid impact) Impact of Climate Change (slow impact) The climatic disasters involve cyclones, heavy rains, heavy winds, land sliding, etc. The impacts of the climatic disasters are as follows: Heavy winds and cyclones may damage the transmitting and receiving antennas and thus harm the network. On the other hand, the wired network may also damage the infrastructure. Heavy rains may penetrate into the telephone exchange and may damage the sensitive equipment, thus disrupting the communication system. On the other hand, heavy rains may also damage the base station of the Mobile combination networks (Frenzel, 2009, p48-152). While, fading of the signal that is commonly associated with the rains. It also produces distortion in the signal. The penetration of the rain water into the cables may impact the transfer rate of the communication system. The earth quake may damage the whole communication system. The impacts of Climate change are as follows: The increase in the humidity due to the climate change can have a high impact on the communication system, as humidity may fade the satellite signal. Communication systems near the industrial areas may be interrupted by the aerosol particles suspended in the atmosphere. The rare earth materials in the communications system may react due to the climate changes like the increase in the temperature, increase in the humidity and increase in the amount of some chemicals in the atmosphere. As energy resources are becoming shorter and shorter and burning of the fossil fuel damages the earth by changing the climate of the earth, each sector associated to the energy consumption try to move towards the sustainability. The risks associated to the climate change increased up to the maximum level. Thus, in order to prevent the business from damaging, it is essential attain the sustainability in the communication sector. In order to enhance the efficiency of the communication system, there is a need to do not apply the diverse technologies to the communication system. The resolution distance can be shortened to attain the higher efficiency and longer distances are less resistance to the climate change. However, the location of the communication system plays an important role in determining what should be the minimum or maximum resolution ranges (Sands, 2003, p200-211). In order to prevent the ICT from more damage, weather forecast should be utilized to measure the impact of the rains, cyclones, etc. Preventive measures will benefit the ICT infrastructure and certainly enhance the safety of the communication system. Mobile Phone Coverage and Enhanced Data Services The demand of the wireless network is increasing due to the impact of the mobile phone network coverage and services. In rural as well as urban localities, the utilization of the mobile phone has been increased massively and thus there is always a need to improve the services of the network. It is a major part of the ICT infrastructure (Sands, 2003, p200-211). The utilization of the mobile phone is promoted by ICT for various reasons and purposes. Wireless technologies are adopted throughout the world for various reasons (Green, 2000, p38-119). The amount of people that send and receive data through the wireless network increases massively each year. The introduction of the 3G mobile network provided various services like the video call, multimedia messaging, image transferring through a specified mobile service and high speed internet (Sands, 2003, p200-211). On the other hand, the utilization of the internet on mobile allowed an increase in the utilization of the internet throughout the world. Bow many people depend on the mobile network data services, as it provide easy accessibility, easier connectivity and mobility. ICT is working to make the better communication for the voice as well as data users. Now more people depend on the wireless services as compared to the wired services. Machine to Machine Systems (M2M) and ICT The connectivity of the physical environment and the remote sensor of the ICT network form ‘Machine to Machine’ systems (M2M). These ‘Machine to Machine’ structures have the capability to interact with the outer environment with the help of sensors and actuators and then make certain changes to the network automatically or remotely (Cisco.com. 2012). The remote control activity of the ICT infrastructure involves several operations which also involves the reception of data, data processing and storing the necessary the necessary or the desired data. One part of the M2M system is software and the other part is hardware. The integration between the software and hardware part define the implementation of the M2M systems. In M2M system no humans are directly involved in the operations. The most important function an M2M system must performs is the reception of information, information processing and then transmitting back the information that is desired or as programmed. In these systems only one time programming would be enough for the similar functions. There is no need to program the system several times for the similar operations (Cisco.com. 2012). Interdependencies Existing Communication Sectors Telecommunication made it possible for the different sector to have a permanent communication which is quite effective and considered as necessary for the development of the businesses. An example of such integration can be seen in the government sectors. Thus in order to run a wireless network, a constant electrical supply is an absolute necessary for the transmission and the reception of the signals (Green, 2000, p38-119). In case of emergency, the transmitting and receiving stations are fitted with battery and generator backup to provide the required electrical current till the supplied power is retained. In this way, the ICT communication system is resistant to the external as well as internal threats and thus in case of emergency, the network may continue to work properly for longer periods of time (Cisco.com. 2012). The future of the ICT communication system will be more promising but it will make the infrastructure of the ICT more complex and thus it will be difficult for the workers to recognize and resolve the problems in the infrastructure. In this situation, if the electricity fails, the problem in the energy division of the infrastructure and thus advanced instrumentation will be required to provide an uninterrupted power to the infrastructure of the ICT. Smart grids and smart instrumentation will provide support to the network of ICT and the energy sector. On the other hand the concept of cloud computing will be encouraged and it will provide with majority of the communication needs; however, it requires careful calculations of energy consumption with respect to the population, etc. Interdependencies between Wired and Wireless Communication Wired communication utilizes mostly copper wires for the transmissions and reception of signals. This type of communication is still vastly utilized in major regions of the world. In wired communication, the losses in the signal are less as compared to the wireless signal; however, both the signal require proper signal correction and amplification to transmit and receive the signal properly (Hargroves & Smith 2005, p182-188). Most communication system employ wired as well as wireless medium for the transmissions and reception of signal. Wireless communication is done through the radio signals. A wireless network employs several transmitting and receiving antennas and transceivers, which are capable transmitting and receiving ate the same time or simultaneously. AM and FM are considered as the simplex radio wireless radio communication while mobile communication is a type of duplex communication (Hargroves & Smith 2005, p182-188). The ICT infrastructure can provide interdependency between the two communication systems. Radio signals are part of wireless communication. Sensors play an important role in enhancing the technology and providing safety to the ICT infrastructure. The major advantages of the wireless communication are: Information can be sent and received very far depending on the type of network Use information through television like weather forecast, etc. Education and training Information available to everyone. The electromagnetic radiation can be fatal for the oil and gas pipe line due to producing some static charge (Hargroves & Smith 2005, p182-188). The charge can provide an ignition and may blow the gas or oil pipe lines. Thus it is advised that the wireless reception and transmission should be kept away from the igniting materials. Optical Fibre Communication Optic fibre transmits and receives the data in the form of light. Electrical signal are first converted to the lights signals and then transmitted through the optic fibres. At the receiving side the receiver has the mechanism to convert the light signal to the electrical signal, which can easily be read by the computer. The major advantage of the Optical Fibre Communication over wired and wireless communication is that the Optical Fibre Communication can send and receive many times more amounts of data as compared to that of the wired or wireless communication due to the huge bandwidth of the communication medium. Optical Fibre Communication is easier to maintain as compared to the other type of communication systems; however, the optic fibre is not a tensile material and thus has lower breaking point. Thus it is covered in a thick metallic shield to maintain its durability (Hargroves & Smith 2005, p182-188). The major advantage of the optic fibre communication over the other communication technologies is that the optic fibre is not influence by cross talk and electromagnetic interference. Conclusion The communication requirements are rising day by day and in order to provide an uninterrupted communication. The ICT infrastructure should be equipped with such sensitive technology that would provide with the communication to all the other people. The important aspect of the ICT infrastructure is capable of overcoming all the communication requirements. Bibliography Hargroves K.C. and Smith H. 2005. The National Advantage of Nations: Business Opportunities, Innovation and Governance in the 21st Century. Section 3 The regulatory measure response. London: Sterling, VA Sands P. 2003. Principles of International Environmental Law. 2nd ed.. Cambridge University Press. Green, DC. 2000. Radio Communication. 2nd ed. New York: Longman Frenzel, Louis. 2009. Principles of Electronic Communication Systems. 3rd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Carrington, Damian. 2011. Climate Change 'Threatens UK Wi-Fi Connections', Says Government Report. [Online]. Available at [Accessed 25th October 2012] Cisco.com. 2012. Evolution of the Mobile Network. [Online]. Available at [Accessed 25th October 2012] Read More