Electrical Power Generation System - Assignment Example

Electrical power generation system s Submitted by s: Electrical power generation system Generation of Electricity is the method of electricity power production from the primary sources of energy. The central principles of generating electricity were all invented in the 1820 and also early in 1830 by Michael Faraday. His method of generating electricity is in use in the present. This method is on the principle that generation of electricity is as a result of loop of wire, or copper disc across the magnet poles. For the use of electric appliances, it is the sole method of delivering consumers electricity. The other related electricity storage, recovery, transmission and transmission by the use of load balancing methods. These methods are for the industry of the electric power. Generation of electricity occurs at the power station by the generators of electromechanical, mainly fueled by nuclear fission or chemical combustion to drive the heat engines. Other means like wind and flowing water are used to generate kinetic energy (McKenna, 2009). The other sources of energy are inclusive of geothermal power and photovoltaic. Design of an electric generation system Following the development of AC transmission power, the main power stations became practical economically. This was through the use of the transformers to transmit power with low energy loss at a high voltage. The first power plant was run on coal or water, and in the present the main reliable energy sources are nuclear, coal, hydroelectric, wind generators, petroleum and the natural gas. The other which is not relied much on is as follows; tidal power, solar energy and solar energy. Fig. 1Generation of electrical energy from the source to the consumer Cogeneration This is the process of utilizing extracted steam or exhaust from a turbine for the purpose of heating, for example distilling petroleum in building heat or refinery. Prior to the introduction of the power stations, the commercial buildings and the big hotels would generate their very own power. Generation of electricity (i) Effect of thermoelectric where the differences in temperature are converted to electricity, in thermopiles, thermionic converters, and thermocouples. (ii) Piezoelectric effect, where the electricity strain crystals or anisotropic molecules. (iii) Electrochemistry where there is the conversion of the chemical energy into electricity in the form of fuel cell, nerve impulse and battery. (iv) Induction of Electromagnetic , in which case there is a dynamo, electrical generator or an alternator that change energy of motion which is kinetic energy into electricity. This is the most common form of generating electricity and has its basis on the law of Faraday. (v) Through static electricity where the energy is generated from the charge transportation and the physical separation. Examples are in the case of lightning and the effect of turboelectric (vi) Transformation of the nuclear, which involves the acceleration and creation of charged particles. For instance emission of alpha particle or in the betavoltaics. (vii) Through the photoelectric effect where the light is converted into electric energy like in the solar cells. Components of electricity generation Turbines are all operated by the fluid that is acts as a middle carrier of energy. Most of the mentioned engines of heat energy are turbines. The other turbines types are driven by the falling water or wind. The sources are as follows:- 1. Renewables where the generation of steam is from: (a) Geothermal power. Where hot water evaporates a boiling a liquid that is boiling for the creation of steam for driving the turbine. The turbine can also be driven by the underground steam which is under pressure. This steam emerges from the ground to drive the turbines. (b) OTEC (Ocean thermal energy conversion): This uses the difference between the warm ocean waters surface and the cooler deep for the running of the turbine or the engine. (c) Solar thermal energy (the heat source is the sun): solar power towers and solar parabolic troughs that are used in concentrating light of the sun for heating for transfer of heat in form of fluid, which is the utilized in the production of steam. (d) Biomass 2. The other sources of renewable energy are as follows; (i) Wind- The majority of the turbines are used in converting wind that occurs naturally into electricity. (ii) Water- This hydroelectric source of renewable energy. The blades of the turbine are driven by the water flowing. This is generated by the tidal forces and hydroelectric dams. 3. Steam in which case the water is boiled by:- (i) Fossil fuels burning (natural gas, petroleum or coal). In gas turbine or the hot gas, the engine is driven by the natural oil or gas combustion. The turbine plants of the combined cycle are all driven by natural gas and steam. These produce the natural gas through burning gas in a gas turbine. This way the remnant heat is used in generating extra electricity from this steam. These power plants provide 60 % efficiency. (ii) Nuclear fission is also used to generate this steam by boiling the water. The world electricity generation statistics Source of Electricity (World total year 2011) - Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables other Total Average electric power (TWh/year) 8,263 1,111 4,301 2,731 3,288 568 20,261 Average electric power (GW) 942.6 126.7 490.7 311.6 375.1 64.8 2311.4 Proportion 41% 5% 21% 13% 16% 3% 100% The total amount of energy consumption of the total power plants for the electricity generation was at a value of 4,398,768 kilo tones in the equivalence of oil. This is 36% of the aggregate of key sources of energy. The output of electricity which is gross was at a value of 1,735,579 kilotons (equivalent to 20,185 Tetra Watt-hour), with a 39% efficiency, and the weighing scale 61% as generated heat. A minor part as 145,141 ktoe, which was 3% of the input overall of the heat that was used at associate power plants heat generation. The domestic electricity consumption and losses incurred in power transmission losses were 289,681 ktoe. The amount supplied to the final consumer was 1,445,285 ktoe (16,430 TWh) which was estimated to be 33% of the overall consumption of energy at the CHP (power co-generation) plants and heat plants. Historical generation of electricity in the world Conclusion In conclusion the report has discussed in length the generation of electrical power system. The report gas indicated how the generated power from different sources is consumed in different years and in the world. It is clear from the report that the main energy source ids from the hydro-electric or water energy. Renewable energy sources are also shown to be significant contributors in the generation of this energy. References 1. Department of Energy & Climate Change. "Department of Energy and Climate Change Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics (DUKES) 2010". Decc.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-10-05. 2. "RenewableUK 29 September 2011 Press Release". Bwea.com. Retrieved 2013-10-05. 3. McKenna, John (2009). "New Civil Engineer – Wind power: Chancellor urged to use budget to aid ailing developers". Nce.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-10-05. 4. Daley, Janet. "Earth". The Daily Telegraph (London). 5. http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/statistics/Wind_in_power_annual_statistics_2012.pdf 6. "UKWED Figures explained". Renewable. 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2014-03-17. EWEA Staff (2010). "Cumulative installed capacity per EU Member State 1998 - 2009 (MW)". European Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 2014-03-17. 7. EWEA Staff (February 2011). "EWEA Annual Statistics 2010". European Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 2014-03-17. 8. EWEA Staff (February 2012). "EWEA Annual Statistics 2011". European Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 2011-02-18. 9. Wind in power: 2012 European statistics February 2013 Read More